Control Of Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Android-Based Lifestyle Management Application for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. Uncontrolled glucose levels in people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause various kinds of complications, therefore this research aims to create an Android application that can help people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in controlling blood glucose levels. This application creation method includes the stages of preparation and application creation by conducting previous literature studies, which produce a theoretical model. The result of this research is a lifestyle management application for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients called Selfcare Glucose Management (SCGM), which has 4 kinds of features, including a feature that can calculate daily calorie needs by displaying various types of food with a predetermined weight and number of calories, an alarm feature that functions to remind patients to take medication and inject insulin, a physical activity training feature and a feature that contains educational material about Diabetes Mellitus. This application has been tested using application measurement methods in the form of repeated manual calculations or calibration and obtained results that match the expected values. It is hoped that this application can be developed to be more interactive and communicative in its use.

Deteksi Dini Si Manis ( Silent Killer ) Di Dusun Tegalsari Desa Jabon Kecamatan Mojoanyar Kabupaten Mojokerto

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar due to decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and impaired insulin function (insulin resistance). By measuring glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) you can find out what percentage of the red blood cell dye (hemoglobin) contains sugar. HbA1c is also recommended as the final goal of therapy and is recommended to be done at least twice a year. If the treatment target has not been achieved, it is recommended to check HbA1c 4 times a year. The aim of controlling blood glucose levels in DM is to minimize the occurrence of cardiovascular complications and improve the sufferer's quality of life. The benchmark for whether DM is controlled or not is by checking HbA1c in the blood. If the level is more than 7% then it needs to be treated with insulin or anti-diabetic drugs.

ASSOCIATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CANDIDIASIS : A TEN YEARS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that may reduce resistance to microbial infection of tissues and decrease tissue repair capacity. It is both an endocrine and a metabolic dysfunction involving the control of blood glucose levels, resulting in hyperglycemia. The aim: The aim of this study to show about association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and candidiasis. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: Five publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the complete text was conducted, and additional scrutiny was given to these articles. Conclusion: Diabetic patients had a higher candidal carriage rate and a variety of candidal species that were resistant to azole antifungal agents.

Metformin reverses the effect of high glucose on mesenteric artery relaxation in normal rats

Elevated glucose produces alterations in the cardiovascular system, which affect the health of subjects with these increases, which affect systems such as the gastrointestinal, since the mesenteric arteries play an important role for the proper development of the individual. These diseases are related and cause great morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metformin is a biguanide used to control blood glucose levels. This study assessed the effect of metformin on arterial tension and endothelial function on rat normal mesenteric arteries. Arteries incubated in glucose (30 mM) demonstrated a profoundly impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine. The treatment with metformin (1 mM) produced the change in the vascular activity, like the control group. These results indicated that the action of metformin in the vascular activity is recovered to normal condition, which is important in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, already the cardiovascular alterations were presents in these patients. Glucose modified the effect of Nitric oxide synthase and CYTP450, decreasing the production of Nitric Oxide and hyperpolarizing factor, in arteries relaxed with acetylcholine, where metformin reversed to normal conditions. On the other hand, the used of metformin plus indomethacin produced inhibition on metformin, effects inducing a mayor inhibition on the vascular relaxation to acetylcholine. Also, metformin presented a minimum effect on K+ channels, when are inactivated with TEA, recovering of manner partial the action of this channel, increased relaxation effect by acetylcholine. Metformin effect is not due to osmotic control or oxidative stress. An important effect is the use of analgesics such as indomethacin, which produces dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, generating the presence of diseases due to the state of hypertension obtained in the mesenteric arteries, affecting the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal system, decreasing the uptake of nutrients and presenting various diseases.

To Study Knowledge Regarding Healthy Lifestyle Modifications in Middle-Aged Diabetic Population

Background: Lifestyle plays a significant role in helping patients with diabetes control their blood sugar levels. Understanding early complications to prevent further adverse effects from uncontrolled sugar levels and a worsening healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite to knowledge regarding healthy lifestyle modifications. Exercise therapy has long been recommended for use in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Dietary habits play an important role in the control of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. An increase in calorie intake leads to poor glycemic control. Stress levels can affect the increased glucose levels. Middle-aged adults are at increased risk of developing diabetes, and this population may benefit from targeted interventions to promote healthy lifestyle modifications. Therefore, a study is needed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of middle-aged diabetic populations regarding healthy lifestyle modifications. Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire was prepared on Google Forms and distributed among the diabetic population. Data was calculated automatically on Google spreadsheet. Results: Patients with diabetes exhibit little awareness of recommended lifestyle changes. A poor understanding of diabetes and its complications is demonstrated by 83.87 % of the population. 77.41% of persons have a poor understanding of dietary adjustments for diabetes. 86.02% of respondents exhibit insufficient awareness of physical exercise therapies for diabetes. 52.68% of people are unaware of how stress affects insulin secretion. Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, Given the early onset of diabetes problems, middle-aged diabetics have an increasing need for knowledge regarding appropriate lifestyle adjustments due to their higher risk of diabetes.

Seaweeds as Nutraceutical Elements and Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Future Perspectives.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition marked by high blood glucose levels caused by inadequate insulin synthesis or poor insulin use. This condition affects millions of individuals worldwide and is linked to a variety of consequences, including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Diabetes therapy now focuses on controlling blood glucose levels through lifestyle changes, oral medicines, and insulin injections. However, these therapies have limits and may not successfully prevent or treat diabetic problems. Several marine-derived chemicals have previously demonstrated promising findings as possible antidiabetic medicines in preclinical investigations. Peptides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds, sponges, and other marine species are among them. As a result, marine natural products have the potential to be a rich source of innovative multitargeted medications for diabetes prevention and treatment, as well as associated complications. Future research should focus on the chemical variety of marine creatures as well as the mechanisms of action of marine-derived chemicals in order to find new antidiabetic medicines and maximize their therapeutic potential. Based on preclinical investigations, this review focuses on the next step for seaweed applications as potential multitargeted medicines for diabetes, highlighting the bioactivities of seaweeds in the prevention and treatment of this illness.

Nutrient quality in dietary therapy for diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.

Dietary therapy is crucial for diabetes care with the aim of preventing the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications. The traditional approach to dietary therapy for diabetes has primarily focused on restricting the intake of the three major nutrients and rigorously controlling blood glucose levels. However, advancements in nutritional science have shown that within the three major nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins and lipids - there exist multiple types, each with distinct impacts on type 2 diabetes and its complications, sometimes even showing conflicting effects. In light of this, the present review shifts its focus from the quantity to the quality of the three major nutrients. It aims to provide an overview of how the differences in nutrient quality can influence onset and progression of type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease, highlighting the diverse effects and, at times, contradictory impacts associated with each nutrient type.

The Effect of Diabetic Retinopathy and Blood Glucose Regulation on Corneal Biomechanical Parameters

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and metabolic control of blood glucose levels on corneal biomechanical parameters. Methods Diabetic patients were categorized into three groups: no DR group, nonproliferative DR (NPDR) group, and proliferative DR (PDR) group. Of the 141 eyes examined, 40 belonged to the control group, 34 to no DR group, 34 to NPDR group, and 33 to PDR group. Using an Ocular Response Analyzer to measure corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg), and corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc). IOP was assessed using a Tono-Pen, while central corneal thickness (CCT) was determined using an ultrasonic pachymeter. HbA1c levels were also recorded. We conducted comparisons among these groups across biomechanical parameters and IOP (tonopen), and CCT, while also investigating the impact of HbA1c levels on these parameters. Results Among any groups show a statistically significant difference in CCT, IOP (tonopen), CH, CRF, IOPg, and IOPcc. In diabetic patients, CRF, CTT, and IOPg values were significantly higher in those with HbA1c levels ≥ 7 mg/dl than in those with HbA1c levels < 7 mg/dl (p = 0.009, p = 0.013, p = 0.038), respectively, while there was no statistically significant difference in IOPcc, CH, and IOP (tonopen). Linear regression analysis showed that CH was positively associated with CCT (p < 0.001) and negatively associated with IOPcc (p < 0.001), while CRF was positively associated with CCT (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p < 0.05), and negatively associated with diagnosis of DR (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study underscores the influence of metabolic control, as reflected by HbA1c levels, on corneal biomechanical parameters in diabetic patients, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and managing glycemic control in this population.

Insulin Analogs and the Mode of Insulin Delivery: Recent Advances and Challenges.

Diabetes is a medical condition associated with impaired glucose regulation caused either due to insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin (Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes) or the absence of insulin through the selective killing of beta cells in the pancreas (Type 1 diabetes). Irregular insulin production leads to various health complications. To prevent such complications, patients must adhere to medical recommendations before availing of any advanced insulin therapy(ies), considered productive for the treatment. Natural insulin, although highly effective in controlling blood glucose levels, patients are often at risk of developing hypoglycemia and many other complications. This has led to the development of insulin analogs, the modified variants of natural insulin having a minimal risk of causing hypoglycemia. Besides the development of analogs, the mode of insulin delivery is also considered critical in achieving better glycemic control in diabetic patients. Until recently, various exogenous insulin delivery methods were practiced, but effective glycemic control without any associated risk and ease of delivery remains a subject of paramount concern. It countered attenuation or delayed onset of diabetes-associated complications without a permanent cure, raising an unmet demand for insulin formulations and delivery methods that offer stability, biocompatibility, reproducibility, precision dosing, non-immunogenicity, and safety. The current practice utilizes non-physiological delivery methods with less invasive administration routes, offering glycemic stability and therapeutic effectiveness. This review focuses on the recent advances made and future perspectives envisioned about newer insulin therapies and delivery methods that tend to improve the management of diabetes by inculcating ideas to reduce the disease's severity and improve the quality of life.

Pelatihan Pengolahan Wortel Menjadi Stick Sehat Pengontrol Kadar Glukosa Darah Bagi Ibu PKK di Desa Temulus Mejobo Kudus

Carrots are a type of tuber vegetable that is rich in antioxidant compounds, including vitamin C and beta carotene. One of the functions of antioxidants is to protect pancreatic beta cells from free radical attacks and is also a vasodilator in preventing cardiovascular disorders Damage to pancreatic beta cells can result in high blood glucose levels. Carrots have a taste are not pleasant to consume, so they are made in stick form, which is a snack that is easy to consume every day with a delicious taste and is effective in controlling blood glucose levels. The aim of this activity is to increase the knowledge, skills of PKK’s mother in Temulus about the benefits of carrots and how to process them into healthy sticks so they are delicious to consume. The methods used are descriptive, explanation, discussion and practice. The result of this activity was an increase in knowledge from the good category of 10% (3 people) to 46.67% (14 people) with a total of 30 participants. The conclusion of this activity is the increasing knowledge of PKK mothers in Temulus about the benefits of carrots as controlling blood glucose levels and increasing the skills of PKK mothers in Temulas in processing carrots into healthy sticks to control blood glucose levels.

The influence of sociodemographic factors on the control of blood glucose levels among diabetic outpatients visiting various community pharmacies in Lahore

The influence of sociodemographic factors on the control of blood glucose levels among diabetic outpatients visiting various community pharmacies in Lahore

Hubungan faktor metabolik dan konsumsi makanan minuman manis dengan kadar gula darah pada usia 30-60 tahun di Puskesmas Simalingkar

High blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) can be caused by several conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Among the top 5 nations in the world with the most DM cases in 2021 is Indonesia. There are 161,267 DM patients in North Sumatra, with 31,482 cases in Medan. Simalingkar Community Health Center is one of the health centers in Medan with the highest number of DM cases in 2022. This study intends to examine the association between blood glucose levels in individuals aged 30 to 60 at Simalingkar Community Health Center and metabolic variables, particularly obesity as assessed by body mass index (BMI) and belly circumference, as well as the consumption of sugary foods and beverages. This research is a cross-sectional study. 120 participants were included in this research sample and use accidental sampling method. Data analysis was done univariately, bivariately using the chi-square test and multivariately using logistic regression. The results showed that BMI (RP=1.701; 95% CI=1.095–2.645; p=0.022), abdominal circumference (RP=2.124; 95% CI=1.253–3.600; p=0.003) and sweet foods and beverages consumption (RP=2.042; 95% CI=1.358–3.069; p=0.001) were significantly associated with blood glucose levels. The habit of consuming sweet foods and drinks is the most dominant factor influencing a person to experience hyperglycemia (OR=3,345; 95% CI=1,512-7,387). The community is advised to control blood glucose levels by maintaining ideal body weight and reducing consumption of sweet foods and beverages to prevent type 2 DM.

UDP-Glucose/P2Y14 Receptor Signaling Exacerbates Neuronal Apoptosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe subtype of stroke with poor outcomes. Abnormal glucose metabolism often occurs after SAH, but the strict control of blood glucose levels is not always beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G), an intermediate of glucose/glycogen metabolism, and its receptor P2Y14 (P2Y purinoceptor 14) to SAH pathology and explored the potential targeted treatments in rats. A total of 218 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. Brain expressions of P2Y14, uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G), and its converting enzyme UGP2 (UDP-G pyrophosphorylase-2) were evaluated. Exogenous UDP-G or selective P2Y14 inhibitor was administered intranasally at 1 hour after SAH to explore their potential effects. Intranasal Ugp2 or P2ry14 siRNA was delivered 24 hours before SAH for mechanistic evaluation. Primary neuron culture and hemoglobin stimulation were used as in vitro model of SAH. Post-SAH evaluation included liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of brain endogenous UDP-G level, neurobehavioral assessments, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, and Nissl staining. There was an acute elevation of endogenous brain UDP-G and UGP2 after SAH, and P2Y14 was expressed in neurons. Although P2Y14 inhibitor decreased neurological dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, and proapoptotic molecules, exogenous UDP-G exacerbated these outcomes at 24 hours after SAH. Early inhibition of P2Y14 preserved long-term neuronal survival in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex with improved neurocognition and depressive-like behavior. In addition, in vivo knockdown of Ugp2- and P2ry14-reduced neurological deficits and proapoptotic molecules at 24 hours after SAH, and furthermore in vitro knockdown of P2ry14-reduced apoptosis in hemoglobin stimulated primary neuron. These findings suggest a detrimental role of brain UDP-G/P2Y14 signaling in SAH, as a part of glucose metabolic pathology at the tissue level. P2Y14 inhibitor 4-[4-(4-piperidinyl)phenyl]-7-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid hydrochloride may serve as a potential therapeutic target in treating patients with SAH.

Robust adaptive observer-based control of blood glucose level for type 1 diabetic patient

In this paper, an adaptive controller is designed to regulate the blood glucose level of type 1 diabetes mellitus while not all states of the system are measurable and also its parameters are unknown. The main goal in the control of diabetes is to preserve blood glucose level within a safe rang by a suitable injecting insulin rate to the patient. Herein, it is achieved by measuring the blood glucose level and proposed an observer based adaptive control system. In the proposed method, firstly, the dynamic equations of nonlinear Bergman minimal model (BMM) are transformed into a companion form. Then an adaptive observer is presented to simultaneously estimate the state variables and the system’s parameters. Afterward, based on the designed observer and using a new meal simulation model, an adaptive control is presented to bring back the blood glucose level to its safe range. The overall stability of the developed adaptive control is established using the Lyapunov direct method. Simulation results have been performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in tracking the desired blood glucose.

In Vitro investigating the antidiabetic activity of Rumex abyssinica, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder symptomized by high blood glucose level.The treatment is associated with adverse side-effects regarding health and economic burdens of the diseased. The difficulty in insulin injection, the non-compliance, prolonged treatment, makes to the diabetic patients to have a poor controlled blood glucose level particularly in resource limited settings. As alternative, people are using medicinal plants as they are cheap, readily available, and lesser side effects. Even though the need for herbal medicine are culturally and socially accepted but the toxicity ,active principles, and mechanism of action are generally not known well so this study aims to investigate in vitro potential effects of Rumex abyssinica, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum in glucose regulation. Methodology: Different parts from the 3 plants were subjected to hot Soxhlet extraction using solvents with different polarity. The in vitro anti-diabetic activity of the extracts was investigated by measuring their effect on assays of α-amylase inhibition and glucose transport across yeast cells. Result: The result of α-amylase inhibition reveled highest, significant (p0.001) from aqueous extracts (0.5 mg/ml) of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Rumex abyssinica by 85.11%, and 77.91% respectively.Though chloroform extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was not significant exhibited 92.49% α-amylase inhibition at 0.5 mg/ml. In the glucose transport assay, the aqueous extract (0.5 mg/ml) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Rumex abyssinica increased glucose transport across yeast cells by 52.44%, 52.16%, and 50.57% respectively, at 25mM glucose concentration. Conclusion: All the three selected medicinal plants were found to have an effective inhibition of α-amylase and glucose absorption by the aqueous extract. This shows that the plants extract contains an active water-soluble ingredients which may have anti-diabetic activity in vivo when taken in the form of tea. Therfore, we kindly recommend that , a further invivo, toxicological, phytochemical, and molecular analysis of these plants to be conducted in case control stdudies as it has been used as tea in the community.

Assessing the Catalytic Role of Native Glucagon Amyloid Fibrils.

Glucagon stands out as a pivotal peptide hormone, instrumental in controlling blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism. While the formation of glucagon amyloid fibrils has been documented, their biological functions remain enigmatic. Recently, we demonstrated experimentally that glucagon amyloid fibrils can act as catalysts in several biological reactions including esterolysis, lipid hydrolysis, and dephosphorylation. Herein, we present a multiscale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulation of the acylation step in the esterolysis of para-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA), catalyzed by native glucagon amyloid fibrils, serving as a model system to elucidate their catalytic function. This step entails a concerted mechanism, involving proton transfer from serine to histidine, followed by the nucleophilic attack of the serine oxy anion on the carbonyl carbon of p-NPA. We computed the binding energy and free-energy profiles of this reaction using the protein-dipole Langevin-dipole (PDLD) within the linear response approximation (LRA) framework (PDLD/S-LRA-2000) and the empirical valence bond (EVB) methods. This included simulations of the reaction in an aqueous environment and in the fibril, enabling us to estimate the catalytic effect of the fibril. Our EVB calculations obtained a barrier of 23.4 kcal mol-1 for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction compared to the experimental value of 21.9 kcal mol-1 (and a calculated catalytic effect of 3.2 kcal mol-1 compared to the observed effect of 4.7 kcal mol-1). This close agreement together with the barrier reduction when transitioning from the reference solution reaction to the amyloid fibril provides supporting evidence to the catalytic role of glucagon amyloid fibrils. Moreover, employing the PDLD/S-LRA-2000 approach further reinforced exclusively the enzyme's catalytic role. The results presented in this study contribute significantly to our understanding of the catalytic role of glucagon amyloid fibrils, marking, to the best of our knowledge, the first-principles mechanistic investigation of fibrils using QM/MM methods. Therefore, our findings offer fruitful insights for future research into the mechanisms of related amyloid catalysis.

Effect of dapagliflozin on blood glucose control, cardiac function, and myocardial injury markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure

Purpose: To investigate the impact of dapagliflozin treatment on blood glucose control, cardiac function, and myocardial injury markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. &#x0D; Methods: In a retrospective analysis of clinical data for 132 patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital, China from January 2020 to June 2021, these patients were stratified into two groups (66 patients each). Control group received conventional pharmacotherapy and study group received additional treatment with dapagliflozin. Both treatment courses lasted for 6 months. The levels of blood glucose control, cardiac function, and myocardial injury markers before and after 6 months of treatment were compared between the two groups, as well as safety during treatment. &#x0D; Results: After 6 months of treatment, both groups exhibited significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose (2 h PG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme activity (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score, with study group showing a greater improvement (p &lt; 0.05). &#x0D; Conclusion: Dapagliflozin enhances blood glucose control and cardiac function, improving quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. Furthermore, Dapagliflozin demonstrates a safe and well-tolerated profile. Future studies will require establishing the mechanism of dapagliflozin action in a larger and more diverse population.

Effect of complex micronutrient supplement and vitamin D as adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Purpose: To determine the effect of complex micronutrient supplements and vitamin D as adjunct therapy on pancreatic function, oxidative stress, glucose metabolism and pregnancy outcomes in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). &#x0D; Methods: 100 GDM patients admitted to Hangzhou Linping District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China between March 2022 and February 2023, were randomly allocated to control and study groups (50 patients each). Control group received insulin injections, whereas study group received complex micronutrients with vitamin D as supplements to insulin. Differences in terms of pancreatic function (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment-beta-cell function index (HOMA-β)), oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA)), glucose metabolism indicators (fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) and pregnancy outcomes was assessed. &#x0D; Results: After treatment, both groups showed reductions in serum levels of FBG, 2hPG and HbA1c, but study group exhibited a considerably greater decrease (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, study group had lower HOMA-IR and MDA levels as well as higher HOMA-β and TAC levels (p &lt; 0.05). Negative delivery outcomes occurred less frequently in study group than in control group (p &lt; 0.05). &#x0D; Conclusion: Complex micronutrient supplements (rich in magnesium, calcium, and zinc) in combination with vitamin D as adjunct to insulin treatment effectively reduce pancreatic function and oxidative stress, significantly control blood glucose levels and lower the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. Further studies will be required in a larger more diverse population to determine the mechanism of enhancing pancreatic function.

The impact of diabetes on postoperative infections in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis

Objective: This study aims to analyze and summarize the evidence concerning the relationship between diabetes and postoperative infections in colon cancer through a literature review. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on Chinese databases, including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and the biomedical literature database, as well as the English database PubMed. The search covered the period from February 1, 2003, to February 28, 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed to score the included literature, and funnel plots along with Eggers regression test were used to analyze publication bias. Stata 12.0 was utilized for the analysis of the collected raw data. Results: Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, this study incorporated seven retrospective studies, with a total of 4607 cases in the infection group and 9102 cases in the non-infection group. The quality scores of the seven studies ranged between 7 and 8 points. Funnel plot and Eggers regression test analyses revealed no significant publication bias in the included literature. A correlation was identified between diabetes and postoperative infections in colon cancer, implicating diabetes as a risk factor for such infections. Subgroup analysis indicated that nationality, surgical methods, and infection types had no significant impact on the meta-analysis results. Conclusion: The analysis revealed a significant correlation between diabetes and postoperative infections in colon cancer. Diabetes emerged as a risk factor for postoperative infections, with odds ratios (OR) of 3.82 (P0.1) and 95% CI of 2.91-5.01. Controlling blood glucose levels was associated with a reduced risk of postoperative infections in colon cancer.

Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Areca catechu with Gliclazide in Wistar Rats

Background and Purpose In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, this study sought to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of the hydroalcoholic seed extract of Areca catechu, also referred to as areca nut, both as a stand-alone treatment and in combination with the diabetic drug gliclazide. Materials and Methods The hot percolation method was used to produce the hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu. Rats were given alloxan monohydrate and developed type II diabetes. The hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu (1000 mg/kg p.o.) alone or in different combinations of gliclazide (25 mg/kg p.o.) and A. catechu extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg p.o.) were administered to the six diabetic rats. Body weights and blood glucose levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the treatment. On the 28th day, the kidney, liver, and pancreas underwent histological investigations in addition to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results Blood glucose levels were significantly lowered upon administration of A. catechu’s hydroalcoholic seed extract, both alone and in conjunction with gliclazide. Comparing the diabetic control group to the A. catechu extract-treated group, histopathological examinations showed that high amounts of the extract, either by itself or in conjunction with gliclazide, caused the active proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, protecting against damage to the liver and kidneys. Conclusion The hydroalcoholic seed extract of A. catechu showed promise as a monotherapy for controlling blood glucose levels, and as a co-administer for gliclazide, it showed signs of hypoglycemia. These results indicate A. catechu’s possible therapeutic benefit as an adjuvant diabetic treatment. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of action and evaluate its safety and effectiveness in clinical settings, more study is necessary.