Level Of Awareness Research Articles

Longitudinal Associations Between Scripted Attachment Representations in Late Adolescence and Depression in Adulthood in a Normative and a Higher-Risk Cohort

Attachment representations are increasingly operationalized as secure base script knowledge—one’s level of awareness of the temporal-causal schema that summarizes basic features of seeking and receiving effective support from caregivers when in distress. A method was recently developed to assess secure base script knowledge during the Adult Attachment Interview (AAIsbs), though its predictive validity for mental health outcomes is largely unknown. A series of pre-registered analyses, leveraging two large, longitudinal cohorts to assess the associations between AAIsbs and depression in emerging adults revealed that higher AAIsbs at age 18 years in the normative-risk sample, but not in a higher-risk cohort, predicted fewer depressive symptoms at age 30 years. In general, these associations were robust to concurrent depressive symptoms, sociodemographic and cognitive functioning covariates, and other traditional attachment representation measures. Findings support the importance of considering schematic attachment representations in developing interventions to improve young adults’ well-being.

Emergency Response Competencies Strengthened by Sustainable Education: First Aid Training Program for Teachers

The primary aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of primary school teachers regarding the management of musculoskeletal trauma through first aid interventions and to determine the effectiveness of a sustainable training program. The preparedness of 138 teachers who received first aid training for trauma intervention and the impact of these trainings on health practices were examined by pre- and post-tests. It was determined that 87% of the teachers participating in the study had not received emergency trauma training before. Pre-training test results showed that the participants had a low level of awareness. However, the increase in mean scores from 6 to 16 and the decrease in standard deviation after the training revealed a significant increase in teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills. These results suggest that emergency trauma training programs significantly increase teachers’ ability to respond to emergencies and emphasize the importance of sustainable first aid training. Analyses based on gender and branch revealed that post-training test scores were similar and all teachers showed high performance. The findings emphasize the need for systematic and comprehensive emergency trauma training programs for all teachers and the importance of these programs for sustainable health and safety practices.

Assessing the awareness and knowledge of the adverse ocular side effects associated with oral contraceptives among women between the ages of 16 and 40 in Benin-city, Edo state, Nigeria

PurposeOral contraceptives are routinely used by women, because they are effective birth control methods, but few women are aware of their adverse ocular side effects. This study was carried out to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of the adverse ocular side effects associated with oral contraceptive use among women in Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria. MethodThis was a cross-sectional study conducted over an eight-month period from February 2023 to September 2023, including 402 women (n = 402). The study employed both self-administered online and printed questionnaires. ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 27.76 ± 7.03. A total of 196 had tertiary education, 131 had secondary education and 75 had no educational background. Two-hundred thirty-seven participants were users of oral contraceptives, while 165 had never used them. Of the participants that were users of oral contraceptives, 44 had previously experienced visual problems as a side. The study results reveal that 289 participants (71.9%) were not aware of the potential adverse effects of oral contraceptives, while only 82 participants (20.4%) were aware. ConclusionThe results of this study show that there is poor awareness of the side effects of oral contraceptives, more specifically, the adverse effects on the eyes. It is recommended that more public health awareness campaigns be initiated, with the goal of accurately educating women about the ocular pathologic risks associated with oral contraceptives. Furthermore, healthcare workers should effectively communicate the risks associated with oral contraceptives to their patients. This can help women looking for contraception options make informed decisions about using oral contraceptives.

Community Awareness and Compliance to the Municipal Ordinances in the First District of Capiz, Western Visayas, Philippines

This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of the residents in the first district of Capiz to municipal ordinances. A stratified random sample of 256 residents for each municipality, equally allocated by type of residents was used as respondents of the study. The study was conducted in the first congressional district of Capiz before COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive-correlational method of research was used in the study. Results showed that all municipalities in the first district of Capiz implemented an ordinance on the prohibition on the use of cigarettes and tobacco. Residents from the municipalities in the first district of Capiz were aware of the ordinances implemented in their respective municipalities, but moderately complied with the said ordinances. The compliance to municipal ordinances is influenced by the lack of awareness of the residents as well as the lax implementation of the said ordinance. Effective information dissemination, rigorous and serious implementation and higher penalties are possible measures that could help improve the compliance of the residents towards municipal ordinances.

The Prevalence and Awareness of Congenital External Ear Deformity among the School-Age Group: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Congenital outer ear deformities stem from a sequence of disturbances during fetal auricular cartilage embryonic development. A significant gap exists in understanding their prevalence among the school-age group in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study aims to address this knowledge gap to raise awareness about the impact of such disorders. This cross-sectional study targeted parents of children in the school-age group. A multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to ensure the representation of schools. A self-administered Google form survey was used. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Our study revealed that the majority were males (56.2%), aged 6 to 10 years (49.3%), and attended primary school (69.5%). Chronic illnesses were present in 7.1% of children, with hearing impairment most prevalent (25.9%). Congenital ear deformities affected 2.7% of children, primarily Stahl's ear (35.4%). Limited knowledge about these deformities was observed among respondents (30.3%), yet a significant majority (73.9%) expressed belief in the potential of community awareness to decrease deformity prevalence. The awareness levels were impacted by parental education but showed no significant association with the child's age, gender, or presence of chronic diseases. Our study underscores the noteworthy occurrence of congenital ear deformities among the school-age group, coupled with a notable lack of awareness. Parental education emerges as a key factor influencing awareness levels. It is imperative to prioritize initiatives to bolster awareness and early detection to promote child health.

Fostering metacognition in the design studio: The effect of minimal interventions on architectural students’ metacognitive awareness

This study investigates the role of metacognitive interventions in the design studio and the relationship between metacognitive awareness and design learning through quasi-experimental research. The study was conducted at an undergraduate design studio course with the participation of 80 fourth-year students divided into experimental and control groups. In the study, minimal metacognitive interventions prompting students to reflect on their design project and design process were administered in the experimental group during an academic term embedded in the design course. The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) was applied to both the experimental group and the control group as a pre-test and post-test to determine the impact of minimal interventions on metacognitive awareness. In addition, the relationship between metacognitive awareness and design course grade and the type and level of this relationship were analysed. According to the findings, metacognitive interventions significantly enhanced metacognitive awareness levels of students with lower metacognitive awareness. However, interventions did not result in a statistically significant difference in the design course grade. Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was found between design course grades and pre-MAI scores, i.e., pre-MAI scores explained about 20 % of the variance in the design course grades. In conclusion, minimal interventions are beneficial at least to students with lower levels of metacognitive awareness and potentially more substantial interventions would be even more helpful to these students and other students with a higher level of metacognitive awareness.

Teenagers' experiences of parent-child relationships and their level of awareness of life's meaning

Teenagers' experiences of parent-child relationships and their level of awareness of life's meaning

Saudi Digital Library Services in the Light of the National and International Sustainable Development Goals

The study aimed to identify the concept of sustainable development, and to explore the role of digital libraries in achieving SDGs, by shedding light on the reality of the SDL in terms of financial, technical and human capabilities to achieve the Kingdom’s 2030 vision for sustainable development. The study revealed that digital libraries play an active role in achieving SDGs through secure and diverse technical infrastructure, and a variety of digital information sources. Digital libraries enhance the level of information awareness among users. Among digital libraries worldwide, SDL is distinguished in terms of knowledge resources acquired, its platforms, and through the large number of beneficiaries of its services, representing all segments of the academic community in Saudi Arabia's higher education institutions. Based on a solid network, and Saudi Arabia vision 2030, SDL succeeded to link higher education institutions through a huge amount of information sources, and facilitated their access, and provided equal opportunities for all. The study recommended that in order to be the national digital platform and effective development partner, SDL must expand the scope of services to include trade and industrial private and public sectors, and raise the level of research awareness and ethics among Arab scholars and researchers.

Beyond Access: Tackling Bullying to Ensure True Inclusion in Pakistan's Educational Landscape

Though Pakistan has been making progress in the field of inclusive education, mere integration of diverse learners in regular classrooms does not mean inclusive education. This paper claims that bullying is one of the major factors that hinder the process of comprehensive educational inclusion in Pakistan. There are, however, many challenges that hinder the implementation of inclusive education, including social exclusion, discrimination, and bullying of disabled and marginalized learners despite policies that promote their integration into regular schools. This opinion paper assesses the current phenomenon of inclusive education in Pakistan and its relation to bullying. It examines how ignorance of society, unawareness, and insufficient training of teachers lead to schools that cultivate bullying, especially of children with disabilities or those from different ethnic groups. The paper argues that the idea of inclusive education cannot be said to be fully realized if the bullying issue is not tackled, given that victims of bullying are, in essence, excluded from the learning process. In order to address this problem, the authors suggest several measures: policy changes, implementation of extensive anti-bullying programs, increasing the level of teacher awareness and preparedness in diversity and inclusion, as well as community involvement. In this way, Pakistan can move from adopting education as a right on paper to the provision of quality education that is more than just enrolling students and ensuring that they attend classes but that learners feel protected, appreciated, and supported to excel academically. This paper thus seeks to generate further dialogue among educators, policymakers, and researchers on the importance of tackling bullying as a core component of the inclusive education agenda in Pakistan and, hence, towards the formation of a more equitable and inclusive education system.

Digital Literacy of Tuntungan I Village Youth In Utilizing Social Media As Learning Media

This research is a qualitative study which aims to measure the level of awareness of teenagers in Tuntungan I village regarding the importance of digital literacy in utilizing social media as a learning medium, and to analyze teenagers' dependence on social media which can influence the effectiveness of learning. The research was carried out from 03 to 13 June 2024 in Tuntungan I Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. Data collection techniques use interview techniques and questionnaires. The number of samples taken was 30 teenagers who were classified based on their age level. The research results obtained were that teenagers in Tuntungan I Village had demonstrated proficiency in using digital media, such as PowerPoint and Infocus, to present discussion results. This reflects their skills in supporting technology as an important learning tool in the school environment. The social media platforms that are often used by teenagers in Tuntungan I Village to search for information are YouTube and Instagram. The information seeking skills of teenagers in Tuntungan I village show significant dependence on social media as a source of information. From the results of calculations with respondents, 87.3% of teenagers actively use this platform for the purpose of seeking information. However, only 60.7% succeeded in finding information that was relevant to their learning.

Heritage Education as a Tool of Social, Ethnic, and Religious Cohesion in Iraq: Empirical Insights

ABSTRACT While the politicization of cultural heritage in Iraq is widely covered by research, little attention is dedicated to how exactly heritage education has been implemented, the knowledge gap this article aims to address. Focusing on the methods employed to educate an average citizen in cultural heritage (how) rather than on the motivation behind them (why), the article unveils novel empirical data drawn from 25 oral history interviews with Iraqi heritage-sector stakeholders demonstrating several important findings. First, a profound gap emerges between cultural awareness levels in pre-1990 and contemporary Iraqi society. Second, the data allows us to identify 12 categories of pre-1990 heritage education strategies, nearly all of which are currently missing or slowly being revived. Third, the respondents disclose a strong reliance on heritage education potential for raising cultural awareness in the sectarianism-torn society. Finally, the article suggests a holistic and inclusive heritage education methodology as a tool of social, ethnic, and religious cohesion in Iraq.

Analysis of high school students' awareness of the psychosocial effects of internet addiction

The present study aims to determine secondary school students' awareness of the psychosocial consequences of Internet addiction and to investigate differences in the level of awareness based on students' sociodemographic characteristics (Sex, grade level, number of family members, parent's marital status, education and occupation of the parents, and the family's monthly income). A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from December 10, 2022, to December 30, 2023. The sample included (765) secondary school students were (375 males and 390 females). The population was composed of 10th and 12th grade students withdrawn from ten high schools located in the Babylon Governorate in Iraq. The results of the study revealed a variation in participants’ awareness of their knowledge of the psychosocial effects of Internet addiction, as more than half of them (57.5%) recorded a fair level of awareness, while (40.1%) of them recorded a good level, and only (2.4%) exhibited a waek level of awareness. Furthermore, the data revealed notable gender and grade-level differences in psychosocial awareness. Females exhibited a higher level of awareness (51.5%) compared to males. Additionally, students in the 10-grade showed a relatively higher rate of good psychosocial awareness (44.9%). It is necessary to understand the demographic factors in shaping awareness of the effects of Internet addiction, which helps in developing targeted intervention strategies to enhance awareness and improve students' control behaviors.

Rural Households’ Perception on Protein Food Consumption Pattern of School-Aged Children (6-11 Years) in Katsina State

In Nigeria, most rural households tend to adhere to the old and improper food eating patterns. This seemed more evident in the protein food consumption pattern (PFCP) which could be attributed to unverified wrong PFCP ideologies and cultures among distinctive ethnic groups. Consequently, the study investigated PFCP of school-aged children from rural households in Katsina State. A sample of 288 rural households was selected through the multistage sampling procedure from all Katsina rural households. Descriptive survey design and structured questionnaire were adopted in collecting data on households’ socioeconomic characteristics, protein food awareness, PFCP, perception and constraint. Frequency counts, percentages, means, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis were employed in data analysis. The result revealed that most respondents were young, married, low income earners, Muslims, and farmers with Quaranic educational qualification. Levels of awareness and information were high and low respectively. While the pattern of consumption was inadequate, perception and constraint levels were unfavourable and high respectively. The ANOVA result showed that Katsina Central (KC) has significantly higher protein consumption than Katsina North (KN) and Katsina South (KS) just as KN had the highest awareness compared to KC and KS. Significant differences existed in PFCP KC, KN and KS. Age, marital status, income, awareness, perception, information and constraint were determinants of PFCP. The PFCP was inadequate with an unfavourable level of perception. While government and non-governmental agencies should explore the scaling up option of information sources other than radio, health workers and friends, households’ income diversification is germane for better PFCP.

Exploring the scale and scope of community policing in North-Western Ghana

Global urban population growth appears to challenge governments’ ability to ensure access to essential urban services, such as policing. This situation is impeding the achievement of SDG target 11.1. However, citizens’ role in co-producing safe and secure neighbourhoods has been instrumental in augmenting limited governments’ efforts in the provision of adequate security. Acknowledging the relevance of co-producing community policing (CP) outcomes in neighbourhood crime management, this study critically examines the awareness, knowledge, understanding, and effectiveness of community policing strategies in North-Western Ghana. In a mixed methods research design, the study revealed a low level of awareness of community policing strategies in North-Western Ghana, which constrains the efforts to initiate and benefit from the outcomes of co-producing community policing. Consequently, knowledge, understanding, and effectiveness of community policing strategies appear very limited and, therefore, draw back the desire for inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities as detailed in SDG 11. Restoring community watch committees and enkindling effective co-production of community policing outcomes are critical parts to the global crime management strategies.

Awareness of Healthcare Faculty Students on Telehealth: A Mixed Methods Study

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the awareness and opinion of students in health professions’ faculties about telehealth. Method: This cross-sectional study was designed using a mixed methods approach including both quantitative and qualitative components. Seven hundred nighty seven second-year students from faculties of Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing at Ege University were included in the study. A form including a section for personal information of the participants and items to determine students' awareness level on telehealth was created by researchers to collect quantitative data. The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three students from each faculty selected by purposive sampling. The relationship between responses to propositions and participants' socio-demographic characteristics was evaluated using t-test and ANOVA. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate other characteristics of the students according to their schools and their responses to propositions about telehealth. For qualitative data, manual descriptive analysis was used. Interview transcripts were read by two researchers, code was assigned to each concept, and they were grouped under thematic headings. Results: Of the participants, 28.8% reported that they have already heard of the term telehealth. Students are much less familiar with the terms of telenursing and teledentistry. The average total awareness score of the students was 12.70±7.27 [0-27]. Conclusion: Majority of the students are found to lack sufficient awareness of telehealth. This outcome highlights importance of determining awareness levels of future healthcare professionals, who will use these services in their professional lives; especially given that telehealth services have begun to be used widely around the world and have become legally regulated in our country. It points out the necessity of receiving education on this topic during undergraduate period.

Health sciences students’ perspectives on metaverse and digital technology use: cross-sectional descriptive study

BackgroundStudents’ attitudes towards digital technologies affect their use of innovations in digital education. In the study, it was aimed to determine undergraduate health sciences students’ views about the Metaverse and digital technology.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. In the study sample, 289 health sciences students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research and filled out the online data collection form were included. The Independent Samples T-Test, Multivariate ANOVA analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean score the participants obtained from the Metaverse Scale was 53.54 ± 9.00, indicating that their levels of knowledge and awareness about the Metaverse were high. The mean score they obtained from the Attitude Scale for Digital Technology was 135.98 ± 21.28, which indicated that displayed positive attitudes towards digital technology. There was no significant difference between the mean scores the participants obtained from the Attitude Scale for Digital Technology and the Metaverse Scale according to their departments and years in school. There was a positive and weak relationship between the Metaverse Scale scores and Attitude Scale for Digital Technology scores.ConclusionsThe participants’ knowledge and awareness levels about the Metaverse were high and they displayed positive attitudes towards digital technology. It is recommended that digital technologies should be used in planning undergraduate education and Metaverse platforms or applications in virtual classroom settings.

Public Awareness and Perceptions of Environmental Protection Initiatives: A Survey in Nyanya, Abuja

This study investigates public awareness and perceptions of environmental protection initiatives in Nyanya Community, Abuja. Data from 310 participants were analyzed, focusing on demographic characteristics, awareness levels, associations between demographics and awareness, public perceptions of initiative effectiveness, and factors influencing public engagement. The result showed that most respondents were females (51.5%), and a significant portion had a Bachelor's degree (50.2%). Employment status varied, with 53.2% employed and 21.3% unemployed. 69.4% were aware of environmental protection initiatives, 20.6% were not, and 10% had no response. Females demonstrated a higher awareness level (69.4%) than males (39.9%), significantly associated with gender (p-value = 0.000). Also, Youth (25-34 age group) showed the highest awareness (69.4%), with a significant association (p-value = 0.000). Those with a Bachelor's degree had a higher awareness (71.5%), a significant association (p-value = 0.000). Respondents were skeptical; 30.6% found initiatives 'not effective at all.' Females showed higher skepticism (35.5%), significantly associated with gender (p-value = 0.000). With respect to factors Influencing Public Engagement, Environmental concern (64.8%) and lack of time (81.1%) were predominant. Lack of information (9.3%) and social influence (6.6%) also played roles. For effective environmental protection intervention, community should be encouraged to get involved through awareness campaigns led by leaders and stakeholders, comprehensive education campaigns should be conducted to address public perceptions and increase understanding and proper waste disposal and recycling practices should be promoted. Enhancing public awareness and engagement in environmental protection initiatives requires a multi-faceted approach involving community leaders, educational campaigns, and government interventions.

College Students Attributional Differences in Knowledge Awareness about a Cybercrimes Law

The study examines attributional differences in assessing the level of knowledge awareness about Jordanian Cybercrimes Law (JCL) among college students. The study sample comprised 500 Jordanian students representing four Jordanian universities (TTU, MU, JU, & BU). Of these, 43% were males, and 57% were females. Students (19%) reported being victims of cybercrimes, and 24% were perpetrators. Reliability as estimated by the scale’s Cronbach’s α was 0.66, and the validity (correlation between the scale and LSC scale) was 0.157 α = 0.00 (F = 187.161, α = 0.00). More than 25% of the sample read about the JCL and observed that the law has been politicized. Moreover, three-quarters of them heard about it. More than half of the sample witnessed illegal actions on the net that required punishment. Less than 10% of the sample dealt with the JCL or participated in an online action that required punishment. ANOVA analysis of the mean gender differences in cybercrime knowledge showed females were more knowledgeable about JCL than males (F = 4.402, α =.036). Furthermore, an ANOVA analysis of the mean external attribution differences (yes vs. no) in JCL knowledge (F = 4.402, α =.036) was performed. Finally, ANOVA analysis of the mean external attribution differences in the knowledge of JCL (F = 4.402, α =.036).

A cross sectional study to assess the level of awareness of dental surgeons about national oral health program in a city of central India

: In 1999, the Ministry of Health Family Welfare, government of India, launched the first National Oral Health Care Programme on a pilot basis. This cross-sectional study was contemplated in Indore district to assess the awareness of dental surgeons regarding their awareness about the basic tenets of the National Oral Health program. Type of the Study- Cross sectional studyDuration of the Study- 6 months- January-June 2024Site of the Study- Indore districtSample Size- 100Sampling technique- Purposive SamplingStudy method- 1. First of all, the list of dental surgeons operating in Indore district was obtained.2. 100 dental surgeons were randomly identified from this list.3. Their written informed consent was obtained to be a part of the study.4. Pre-designed semi structured questionnaire was prepared and fed in google forms and shared with these identified dental surgeons5. Data collected was entered in MS excel/spreadsheets6. Data was analysed using appropriate statistical software. : 69% dental surgeons were aware of National Oral Health Programme of the Government of India. 47% dental surgeons were aware of National Oral Health Programme of the Government of India- Manpower support [Dentist, Dental Hygienist, Dental Assistant]. 41% dental surgeons were aware of National Oral Health Programme of the Government of India- Equipment including Dental Chair, X-ray units, autoclaves etc. 41% dental surgeons were aware of National Oral Health Programme of the Government of India- Consumables for dental procedures. 37% dental surgeons were aware of National Oral Health Programme of the Government of India- IEC/ BCC activities like Posters, TV, Radio Spots, Training Modules etc. 33% dental surgeons were aware of National Oral Health Programme of the Government of India- national and regional nodal officers training programs. 33% dental surgeons were aware of National Oral Health Programme of the Government of India- Preparing State/District level Trainers by conducting national and regional workshops: The present study clearly indicates that there is need to increase the awareness of National Oral Health Programme not only among dental surgeons but also common men. Government should take active interventions to increase the awareness of NOHP so that more and more people can utilize its facilities.

Level of awareness on the sustainable development goals among Indian youth: Empirical evidence from Northern India

In India, government has made many policies and plans to contribute in the attainment of SDGs but being a developing nation with a large population and vast geographical expanse, the attainment of SDGs is a big task. In the 2022 Global Index of SDGs, India ranked 121 out of 163 countries. The present research's objective was to measure the awareness among universities students. Two stage cluster sampling was used for sample selection. In the first stage, 4 cities from the Northern part of India were selected and in second stage, from each city, selection of subjects was done. 546 subjects were contacted, and 335 participated. Survey was conducted using questionnaires (Odoom, Mensah, Dick‑Sagoe, Lee, Opoku & Obeng‑Baah, 2024). The scale has questions related to all the SDGs. Results showed that subjects had moderate awareness about SDG5, SDG6, SDG7, SDG9, SDG13 and SDG15 with the respective mean score (Mean 3.32, 3.77, 3.80, 3.27, 3.79, & 3.27) and had low awareness for SDG10, SDG11, SDG16, and SDG17 with the respective mean score (Mean 2.95, 2.86, 2.95, & 2.86). Results showed significant difference in the SDGs awareness among male and female. For SDG2, SDG3, SDG4, SDG9, SDG14, SDG15 and SDG17, the awareness was higher in male (respective mean rank score182.80, 181.76, 176.29, 181.80, 217.26, 184.95, 194.08) than female (respective mean rank score 152.01, 153.12, 159.04, 153.09, 122.42, 149.68, 139.81). For SDG5, SDG6, SDG7, SDG10, SDG11, SDG12, SDG13, SDG16, the awareness was higher in female (respective mean score 224.19, 224.19, 196.48, 198.99, 211.51, 205.13, 219.52, 205.25) in comparison to male (respective mean score 116.01, 115.01, 141.65, 139.32, 127.74, 133.64, 120.33, 133.53). Results of the present research also imply the role of social structure in SDGs awareness and highlight the need to introduce some programs to promote the discussion on SDGs in every classroom.