Level Of Appetite Research Articles

Polymorphic Appetite Effects on Waist Circumference Depend on rs3749474 CLOCK Gene Variant.

Chronobiological aspects controlled by CLOCK genes may influence obesity incidence. Although there are studies that show an association between the expression of these genes and energy intake, waist circumference or abdominal obesity phenotypes, interactions with appetite have been insufficiently investigated in relation to chrononutrition. The objective was to identify interactions between CLOCK genetic variants involved in appetite status. A total of 442 subjects (329 women, 113 men; aged 18 to 65 years) were recruited. Anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle data were collected by trained nutritionists. Participants were classified according to their appetite feelings with a Likert scale. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine associations of the type genotype x appetite status on adiposity-related variables. p values were corrected by the Bonferroni method. A significant influence was found concerning the effects of appetite on waist circumference with respect to rs3749474 CLOCK polymorphism (p < 0.001). An additive model analysis (adjusted by age, gender, exercise and energy intake) showed that risk allele carriers, increased the waist circumference around 14 cm (β = 14.1, CI = 6.3–22.0) by each increment in the level of appetite. The effects of appetite on waist circumference may be partly modulated by the rs3749474 CLOCK polymorphism.

The Hunger Games: Laparoscopic Performance in Novice Surgeons is Not Altered by Food Deprivation but Influenced by the Degree of Appetite - A Randomized Controlled Trial

Food deprivation is a common condition for visceral surgeons and especially laparoscopic approaches require high levels of concentration. The current literature does not provide adequate answers whether intraoperative breaks, especially food intake, might influence the quality of the surgical skills. Thus, the primary aim of this trial was to analyze the influence of food deprivation on the laparoscopic performance. 37 laparoscopic novices participated from 10/2017 to 04/2018 in this single center, prospective-randomized trial and were trained during laparoscopic training sessions until they reached a predefined level of proficiency. Subsequently, participants were randomized into 3 different groups: food deprivation of 8 hours, 4 hours, or carbohydrate loading directly prior to the laparoscopic exam. The exam comprised PEG-transfer, precise cutting, gallbladder resection and surgical knot. Completion time for PEG-transfer, precise cutting, gallbladder resection and surgical knot was 63s, 139s, 192s and 272s respectively. Participants starving for 8 hours performed 3 of 4 tasks more slowly whilst participants starving for 4 hours performed 3 of 4 tasks faster than the average. Analyzing self-reported level of appetite revealed: Students with an intermediate level were significantly faster (p <0.05) during complex procedures compared to participants that reported hunger prior to performing these tasks (192s vs. 307s). Additionally, hungry students had been more inaccurate during the surgical knot (p <0.05) whilst students with intermediate appetite level tend to be most accurate (p - value 0.012). The subjective level of appetite rather than the absolute number of fasting hours influences the laparoscopic performance most. Thus, any extreme level of appetite may be avoided and surgeons may achieve the best performance when they have an intermediate level of appetite. In consequence, heavy meals may be omitted immediately prior to demanding laparoscopic procedures and surgeons may have access to mini-breaks and refreshers during major procedures.

Integrating risk into control system design: The complementarity between risk-focused results controls and risk-focused information sharing

In this study, I investigate how firms design risk-focused control practices to embed risk considerations in employee decision making. The firm’s objective is to make sure that employee behavior is aligned with firm risk appetite. To investigate how firms go about this control problem, I consider the use of risk-focused results controls (i.e., expanding results controls by risk aspects). Despite the advantages of jointly managing risk and performance through risk-focused results controls, prior literature indicates that their isolated use has also some drawbacks. Recent research hints at the crucial role of risk culture in this regard. In a next step, I present risk-focused information sharing as tangible and manageable dimension of risk culture that alleviates the weaknesses of risk-focused results controls while leaving the benefits of the latter intact. I also posit that risk-focused results controls make risk-focused information sharing more effective. Drawing on complementarity theory, I argue theoretically and show empirically that there is a complementarity between risk-focused results controls and risk-focused information sharing irrespective of the level of risk appetite a firm displays. Furthermore, I identify firm risk appetite as a system-specific contextual variable that drives the degree of complementarity between the two risk-focused control practices. Consistent with my prediction, the results indicate that the complementarity between risk-focused results controls and risk-focused information sharing is significantly stronger for firms displaying a high level of risk appetite. Using data from a survey of 202 companies, I find empirical support for my hypotheses.

Concurrent validity of an appetite questionnaire in peritoneal dialysis.

Decreased appetite is a symptom often found in chronic kidney disease. Poor appetite may negatively affect food intake, what in long-term may contribute to the development of protein-energy malnutrition. An Appetite and Food Satisfaction Questionnaire (AFSQ) was developed consisting of a question that assesses the level of appetite through a facial hedonic scale and five other questions adapted from the Buckner and Dwyer tool that assess some aspects related to food satisfaction. Each question received an arbitrary score of 0 to 3. The sum of the scores ranged from 0, the best, to 18, the worst condition. Nutritional status was assessed through seven-point SGA, bioelectrical impedance, anthropometry, and handgrip strength (HGS). Eighty-four patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD; 58.3% women, mean age 54.7 ± 14.2 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 26.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were evaluated. Median AFSQ score was 4.0 (1.0-6.8; median and IQ). Patients were divided into tertiles according to the AFSQ score. Comparing the third tertile (score ≥ 6) with the first tertile (score < 2), the prevalence of malnutrition was greater (32.1% vs. 6.7%, respectively, p = 0.005), HGS adequacy was lower (74.6% vs. 87.3%, p = 0.001), and body cell mass index (5.7% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.001) and lean BMI were lower (11% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.001) in the third tertile. Poor appetite and food satisfaction determined by the questionnaire was related to worse nutritional markers, indicating AFSQ as a valid easy-to-use tool to be applied as an initial screening to identify PD patients with potential risk of malnutrition.

An Experimental Analysis of Individual Irregularities Under the Temptation of Money: Network Simulation Interactive Platform Based on HTML5

Irregularities in economic activities are actually the result of mutual game between different stakeholders. This research combines psychology and experimental economics to analyze irregularities. This research is done on the HBuilder software platform, using HTML5 and other technologies. According to the Nash Equilibrium Theory, the behavioral trajectory of the participant is described. In the real incentive situation, the individual's decision-making behavior in the face of social dilemma is investigated. From the perspective of cost-benefit, the game characteristics of individual irregularities are analyzed. The exogenous punishment mechanism and the inherent personality trait are respectively Dimensions are explored. Experiment result shows: The exogenous punishment mechanism will have a significant inhibitory effect on individual irregularities. The level of risk appetite is related to gender and determines the individual's risk-taking tendency.

Dose Effects of Orally Administered Spirulina Suspension on Colonic Microbiota in Healthy Mice.

Oral supplemented nutraceuticals derived from food sources are surmised to improve the human health through interaction with the gastrointestinal bacteria. However, the lack of fundamental quality control and authoritative consensus (e.g., formulation, route of administration, dose, and dosage regimen) of these non-medical yet bioactive compounds are one of the main practical issues resulting in inconsistent individual responsiveness and confounded clinical outcomes of consuming nutraceuticals. Herein, we studied the dose effects of widely used food supplement, microalgae spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), on the colonic microbiota and physiological responses in healthy male Balb/c mice. Based on the analysis of 16s rDNA sequencing, compared to the saline-treated group, oral administration of spirulina once daily for 24 consecutive days altered the diversity, structure, and composition of colonic microbial community at the genus level. More importantly, the abundance of microbial taxa was markedly differentiated at the low (1.5 g/kg) and high (3.0 g/kg) dose of spirulina, among which the relative abundance of Clostridium XIVa, Desulfovibrio, Eubacterium, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, and Flavonifractor were modulated at various degrees. Evaluation of serum biomarkers in mice at the end of spirulina intervention showed reduced the oxidative stress and the blood lipid levels and increased the level of appetite controlling hormone leptin in a dose-response manner, which exhibited the significant correlation with differentially abundant microbiota taxa in the cecum. These findings provide direct evidences of dose-related modulation of gut microbiota and physiological states by spirulina, engendering its future mechanistic investigation of spirulina as potential sources of prebiotics for beneficial health effects via the interaction with gut microbiota.

MON-086 Self Reported Appetite in Thailand PDOPPS Study

Background: Poor appetite is one of common problems in peritoneal dialysis (PD). It causes protein-energy malnutrition. Age-related changes in appetite needs to be considered in PD patients. Diminishing appetite is associated with aging and may be aggravated by uremia and PD treatment. We investigated parameters associated with self-reported appetite in Thai PD population. The Thailand Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns study (Thailand PDOPPS) was a part of global PDOPPS study. Thailand PDOPPS was a local multicenter, randomized trial among 1898 Thai PD patients in 22 hospital nationwide. Three questions obtained from the Appetite and Diet Assessment Tool (ADAT) were the patient’s self assessment of their appetite in 526 cases. The first ADAT question was used 5 point Likert scale: 1= very good 2= good 3= fair 4= poor and 5= very poor. The dynamic second and third forms of appetite was classified into three categories; increase, decrease, and unchanged. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between ADAT scores and patients’ demographics data such as residual renal function (RRF) and quality of life (QoL). Poor appetite was self reported in 15.27% of PD patients. These average age were seen in patients between poor/very poor and very good reported appetite (58.25±13.29 versus 54.33±13.75 years old, p = not significant). Patients with no residual renal function had lower appetite(p<0.001). Older PD patients trended to have a lower appetite compared with younger patients. Of interest, there was also a tendency to correlate QoL with variable level of appetite (p = not significant). Poor appetite is common symptom in Thai PD patients. It is more common among older patients, Whilst poor appetite frequently occurred in elderly, female PD patients, and patients with no residual renal function.

An investigation of main meal preferences in nursing home residents

AbstractNursing home residents are at high risk of undernutrition. Their nutritional status could possibly be improved by identifying and serving meals according to their preferences. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate basic sensory customization factors of most preferred main meals in nursing home residents. In total, 40 popular Danish meals from two hospital kitchens and one meals‐on‐wheels kitchen were chosen for the study. Thirty of the meals contained meat (pork, beef, mixed meat, chicken, and fish) and the rest were plant‐based. Twenty‐nine nursing home residents evaluated liking of appearance, flavor, and texture on a five‐point liking scale. The test was divided in eight tasting sessions, where the participants tested five food samples per session at 10.30–11.30 a.m. Prior to the tasting sessions, the participants were screened for nutritional risk and eating problems and level of appetite was tested on a five‐point category scale. The sensory meal preferences included meals containing fish, beef, and pork and could be related to meal familiarity and chewing and swallowing difficulties of old adults, which should be kept in mind when making further adjustments in the meal preparation before served the target group.Practical applicationsProduct development and sensory meal customization are used in various ways to improve food intake indifferent populations. When focusing on nursing home residents, customization of meals could be a way to improve the nutritional status of this target group. Before determining the exact way of customization, the actual acceptance of the meal types available for nursing home residents should be identified. In this way the sensory factors of high and low liked meals could be found, and the product development initiated. To gain in sight into meal preferences from the target group of focus, meal tasting sessions with nursing home residents could be used.

Don’t let the Greed catch you! Pleonexia rule applied to Pakistan stock exchange

This paper presents a financial heuristic named as Pleonexia rule which is applied to Pakistan Stock Exchange. Pleonexia is a Greek word which means ‘Greed for wealth or material possession or Avaricious’. Applying Pleonexia rule to stock exchange, if investors experience upward movements in the market and they want to get higher returns then they must keep investing in the same stock portfolios with the same pace. There is no need to get impatient and overly avaricious and, in turn, alter the original investment strategy. This rule is developed by using performance measure, that is, Sharpe ratio. The rule is developed in two steps. In first step, probabilities are checked by forecasting. In second step, these probabilities are used for the development and testing of Pleonexia rule. The data for the empirical analysis is taken from Pakistan stock exchange on monthly basis from 2000–2018. The results show that there is no difference between estimated and actual values for all classes of stock portfolios as shown in the first step of methodology. Furthermore, this rule is applicable for all three classes of stock portfolios which are growth, risk and value. The findings show that investors have on average 86% chances of getting gains up to the benchmark but in future they may be able to beat the market, thereby also achieving the level of healthy appetite. These chances are quite optimistic for developing countries and investor need to vigilant and remember ‘Don’t let the Greed catch you’.

The relationship between physical activity and appetite in patients with heart failure: A prospective observational study.

Physical activity and appetite are important components for maintaining health. Yet, the association between physical activity and appetite in heart failure (HF) populations is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity, functional capacity, and appetite in patients with HF. This was a prospective observational study. In total, 186 patients diagnosed with HF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV (mean age 70.7, 30% female), were included. Physical activity was measured using a multi-sensor actigraph for seven days and with a self-reported numeric rating scale. Physical capacity was measured by the six-minute walk test. Appetite was measured using the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire. Data were collected at inclusion and after 18 months. A series of linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, NYHA class, and B-type natriuretic peptide were conducted. At baseline, higher levels of physical activity and functional capacity were significantly associated with a higher level of appetite in the unadjusted models. In the adjusted models, number of steps ( p = 0.019) and the six-minute walk test ( p = 0.007) remained significant. At the 18-month follow-up, all physical activity variables and functional capacity were significantly associated with appetite in the unadjusted regression models. In the adjusted models, number of steps ( p = 0.001) and metabolic equivalent daily averages ( p = 0.040) remained significant. A higher level of physical activity measured by number of steps/day was associated with better self-reported appetite, both at baseline and the 18-month follow-up. Further research is needed to establish causality and explore the intertwined relationship between activity and appetite in patients with HF.

Local currency bond risk premia: A panel evidence on emerging markets

This paper investigates the sources of variation in emerging market (EM) local currency bond risk premium. We find that macroeconomic and financial variables contain valuable information in explaining local currency bond excess returns. Additionally, we extend our analysis to investigate how the influence of different factors change depending on the level of global risk appetite. Although macro fundamentals have an important role in explaining the risk premiums during tranquil times, investors pay less attention to changes in inflation forecast in times of high risk aversion. Positive credit rating changes decrease the bond risk premium in both regimes with a different magnitude. Also, the influence of exchange rate volatility is more pronounced during the time of market stress.

Local Currency Bond Risk Premia: A Panel Evidence on Emerging Markets

This paper investigates the source of variation in emerging market (EM) local currency bond risk premium by employing panel fixed effects regression model. Moreover, we use the methodology of dynamic factor model for large datasets to investigate the possible linkages between excess bond return and economic activity. We provide evidence that macroeconomic and financial variables contain valuable information in explaining local currency bond excess returns. Additionally, we extend our analysis with a panel threshold estimation to investigate how the influence of different factors may vary in different states of the markets depending on the level of global risk appetite. The results show that investors pay more attention to changes in macroeconomic fundamentals when the global risk aversion is high. Also, the influence of exchange rate volatility is more pronounced during the time of market stress. On the other hand, positive credit rating changes decrease the country risk premium which results in lower bond risk premium in tranquil times. Overall, these findings imply that global investors view the local currency debt market as a separate asset class and explore potential diversification benefit from investing in emerging markets by differentiating meaningfully in terms of macroeconomic and financial fundamentals.

Counterfeiting: addressing mitigation and resilience in supply chains

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how companies develop mitigation capabilities in their supply chains in order to reduce the negative impacts of counterfeiting.Design/methodology/approachFive cases with two types of supply chain are analyzed: B2B (clothing, footwear and toys) and B2C (automotive). Data gathering was based on interviews, while secondary data were obtained directly from trade associations.FindingsCompanies presented different levels of proactivity for counterfeiting resilience. Companies with a lower level of appetite for risk are more proactive and have a broad number of mitigation capabilities. These companies develop intelligence that is required for combating counterfeiting and the capabilities needed for addressing its ex ante and ex post phases.Research limitations/implicationsThe research examines a complex and controversial subject about which there is limited information. The case studies are limited to Brazilian companies and the local subsidiaries of foreign companies. Therefore, the specific context may influence the study findings and reduce their generalizability.Practical implicationsMitigation capabilities enable companies to minimize the negative impact of counterfeiting and make companies more resilient to counterfeiting activities. The findings indicate that when managers allocate resources in earlier phases of counterfeiting, losses are lower.Originality/valueThis study shows the development process of mitigation capabilities in the ex ante and post-disruption phases of counterfeiting.

Internationalisation and corporate governance in family businesses: a case study

The international expansion of SMEs derives from the combined action of a number of internal and external factors, which are present in the phases of a business activity at various levels. Among the 'internal' variables that may be considered as remarkable explanatory elements of the internationalisation processes, just recently the relationship between the ownership structure and the access to foreign markets has become particularly important. Entrepreneurial, managerial and financial resources are of great importance in the process of internationalisation of family businesses. The internationalisation is an important dimensional and organisational growth opportunity, thus allowing to revitalise both the family system and the enterprise system, through new job opportunities for the members of the controlling family and through the business sustainability for the future generations. The presence of family members, with a different level of risk perception and risk appetite, may influence the decision to undertake international activities. The discussion of the factors that promote or inhibit the internationalisation of the family business has not come to unambiguous results yet.

Internationalisation and corporate governance in family businesses: a case study

The international expansion of SMEs derives from the combined action of a number of internal and external factors, which are present in the phases of a business activity at various levels. Among the 'internal' variables that may be considered as remarkable explanatory elements of the internationalisation processes, just recently the relationship between the ownership structure and the access to foreign markets has become particularly important. Entrepreneurial, managerial and financial resources are of great importance in the process of internationalisation of family businesses. The internationalisation is an important dimensional and organisational growth opportunity, thus allowing to revitalise both the family system and the enterprise system, through new job opportunities for the members of the controlling family and through the business sustainability for the future generations. The presence of family members, with a different level of risk perception and risk appetite, may influence the decision to undertake international activities. The discussion of the factors that promote or inhibit the internationalisation of the family business has not come to unambiguous results yet.

Склонность и готовность к риску. Восприятие риска офицером-спасателем в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации

Рассмотрены подходы к пониманию риска и отношения к риску, как в обычной жизни, так и в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации. Отмечено существенное различие понятий «готовность к риску» и «склонность к риску» для их применения к профессиональной деятельности спасателя. Выделены предпосылки готовности и склонности к риску офицера-спасателя: объективные параметры ситуации, субъективное восприятие ситуации, качества и свойства личности, условия деятельности, жизненный и профессиональный опыт, мотивация достижения. Описаны различия в отношении к риску офицера-спасателя и обычного человека в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации. Отмечены оптимальные уровни отношения к риску спасателя для успешной деятельности.

Depressive Symptoms Moderate the Association Between Appetite and Health Status in Patients With Heart Failure.

Decreased appetite and depressive symptoms are clinical problems in patients with heart failure. Both may result in impaired health status. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between appetite and health status in patients with heart failure and to explore whether depressive symptoms moderate this association. In this cross-sectional study, patients with heart failure (n = 186; mean age, 71 years), New York Heart Association class II to IV, participated. Data on appetite (Council of Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and health status (EQ-5D 3-level scale [EQ-5D-3L] descriptive system, EQ-5D-3L index, and EQ Visual Analog Scale) were collected by self-rating questionnaires. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the association between appetite and health status. Multiple regression was performed to examine whether depressive symptoms moderate the association between appetite and health status. There was a significant association between appetite and health status for EQ-5D-3L descriptive system, mobility (P < .001), pain/discomfort (P < .001), and anxiety/depression (P < .001). This association was also shown in EQ-5D-3L index (P < .001) and EQ Visual Analog Scale (P < .001). Simple slope analysis showed that the association between appetite and health status was only significant for patients without depressive symptoms (B = 0.32, t = 4.66, P < .001). Higher level of appetite was associated with better health status. In moderation analysis, the association was presented for patients without depressive symptoms. Decreased appetite is an important sign of poor health status. To improve health status, health professionals should have greater attention on appetite, as well on signs of depressive symptoms.

Role of sexual partner and social networking in fracture penis aetiology

Introduction Fractured penis is a well-recognised urological emergency resulting from blunt trauma to the erect penis. The incidence and severity of penile fracture mostly relies on the method of sexual practice adopted by the couple which again depends on their psychosocial behaviour. The aim of this study was to analyse the different circumstances that accompany this injury in relation to severity, such as associated urethral injury, and to address the contribution of the patients’ partners in possible aetiologies and prevalences. Methods A prospective observational study over two years of all patients presenting to our institution with a fractured penis. All patients who were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination, which included educational status, profession and access to internet. The patients’ partners were asked the same questions as well as a sexual behaviour questionnaire to grade their level of sexual appetite. Results Thirteen patients were included; all patients were married with an average age of 37. The coital positions associated with this injury were female on top position (four cases), T position (three cases), knee–elbow coital position (two), male superior coital position (two) and lateral coital position (one); one couple were unable to explain the exact position. Overall, 11/13 (85%) female partners showed moderate to high sexual appetite and only two (15.5%) showed low appetite. Out of the 26 patients and partners, only nine (34.6%) had a profession related to computers, but 16 (61.5%) of them had access to the internet. Conclusions High aggressive sexual behaviour may be a factor for vigorous sexual activity and increase the chance of penile injury. The exact role of social networking though not well established may precipitate more injury through the learning of different coital positions; ‘female on top position’ may be related to a higher incidence of fractured penis.

Food habits of the school population from La Mancha-Centro Health Area (Ciudad Real)

Abstract Objective To assess the dietary pattern of the school population from La Mancha-Centro Health Area (Ciudad Real). Methodology A cross-sectional study conducted on a representative sample of schoolchildren aged 6–12 years, using a questionnaire to determine their general dietary habits and a record of their 24-h intake. Results A total of 1142 schoolchildren were included, with 612 boys (53.6%) and 530 girls (46.4%), and a mean age of 9.3 ± 1.7 years of age. The frequency of food intake was 4.62 ± 0.6 times a day, which decreased with the age of the schoolchildren (P = .044), and increased with the educational level of parents (P = .004). Food preference influenced the choice in the meals consumed. The level of appetite was related directly with weight and body mass index (BMI) (P Conclusion The dietary pattern of the school population maintains some of the features of traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern, such as the habit of daily breakfast, the greater consumption of olive oil and cereals. On the other hand, other characteristics are remarkable, such as the low consumption of fruit and vegetables and the high consumption of meat.

经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)在成瘾中的研究进展

成瘾性疾病的治疗目前在国内外都是一个难题。近年来的研究表明经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)可利用恒定、低强度电流调节大脑皮层神经元活动，对于成瘾性疾病有一定的治疗作用。本文分析了tDCS在吸烟、酒精、食物、毒品等成瘾现象中的干预作用，主要介绍tDCS在改善成瘾者心理健康水平、渴求、决策等方面的效果。提出现有研究存在的问题以及对未来研究的展望。 The therapy of addiction disorders remains as an international unsolved problem. Recently, studies indicate that activities of neurons in cortex can be modulated by stable, low-strength current stimulation generated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which is implied in a therapeutic role in addiction disorders. Our research analyzed the interventional effects of tDCS in addiction of tobacco, alcohol, food and drugs, and presented its function in improving the level of mental health, appetite and decision making. These are important to pinpoint the shortage of current researches and provide the direction of future direction.