Aesthetic Level Research Articles

Репутация драматурга между государством и обществом: Театрально-литературный комитет и «Женитьба Бальзаминова» А. Н. Островского

The article discusses an episode from the history of the Theatrical and Literary Committee, an organization that was supposed to control the aesthetic level of the repertoire of the Imperial theaters. In 1861, the committee forbade, and a year later allowed the staging of the scenes by Ostrovsky "Whatever You Look For, You’ll Find" ("The Marriage of Balzaminov"). The discussions of this decision are used to analyze the dynamics of the institution of a playwright’s reputation, which was increasingly defined by the periodical press, rather than the state.

Comparative analysis of the groin and SCIP flap in reconstructive microsurgery of soft tissues of the maxillofacial area and oral cavity

Most of the articles on the groin flap were published in the period from 1975 to 2010, from 2015 to 2022, the SCIP flap surpassed the groin flap in the number of publications. According to the results of a literature search in PubMed and RINC, 30 articles were found and selected, including 288 flaps from the iliac region. The length of the vascular pedicle, the diameter of the vessels, the complications, the prevalence of the flap in the reconstruction of the head and neck, the thickness and the size of the flap were evaluated. Both of these flaps have the same nutrition, but different levels of dissection. In comparison with the groin flap, the SCIP flap has a longer vascular pedicle, which can be enlarged due to new techniques, which also allows it to be used as an ultra-thin flap, and it reduces the need for secondary procedures for defatting and reduces the risks of the complications in the donor area. The thickness of the SCIP flap is less than the groin one, which, according to the author, increases the aesthetic level of operations in the facial area in the case of the texture and color of the flap. Vascular anatomy of the SCIP flap is variable, therefore, the use of preoperative planning is necessary. Despite this, complications in the donor or recipient area during reconstruction with a SCIP flap are minimal. It has been proved that the SCIP flap is versatile and safe in all aspects of reconstruction. It can be concluded that the SCIP flap should be considered as a «workhorse» in reconstructive microsurgery of soft tissues of the throat and oral cavity.

Periareolar Augmentation Mastopexy: Finding the Aesthetic Level of Breast Lifting.

Ptosis and volume atrophy of the breasts are common symptoms for various ages of women and may induce a considerable amount of stress in daily life. Periareolar augmentation mastopexy is an effective procedure for such conditions, and planning the new nipple position is very important. To provide a simple, straightforward planning and walkthrough of this operation in a journey to find the ideal level of breast lifting for natural upper fullness. From January 2019 to December 2021, a total of 193 patients with volume deflation and ptosis of the breast received periareolar augmentation mastopexy in our institute. We retrospectively reviewed data on demographics, surgical procedures, outcomes, and complications. All operations were done with periareolar incisions, and the mean follow-up period was 29.48 ± 9.11 months. The Likert scale of outcome satisfaction scored 9.02 ± 0.61. Complications were minimal, and no symmastia or bottoming out occurred. We present our basic strategies of periareolar augmentation mastopexy with a slight modification of the design. We believe that lifting the nipple to 3-4 cm above the inframammary fold (IMF) (making the top of the areola about 5-6 cm above the IMF) yields satisfactory aesthetic results.

CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES AND FEATURES STATIC CALCULATION OF ARCHES

The emergence of new types of structures and construction technologies related to them became the impetus for the search for new forms of buildings and structures and the development of a new understanding of space. Technical and economic calculations show that the area of coverings in buildings with large hall rooms, as a rule, exceeds the total area of other enclosing structures, and therefore the cost of coverings, taking into account installation work, is of predominant importance in construction estimates. Spatial forms of coverings of hall rooms significantly affect the architectural expressiveness of buildings, and therefore the issue of choosing forms, materials and rational constructive solutions of coverings is extremely relevant.
 The most important components of the covering systems of buildings and structures are supporting structures, which have unlimited possibilities of interpretation of forms and materials, can be hidden or open and turn into architectural elements. It is obvious that in the process of designing the coverings of buildings and structures, it is necessary to consider and analyze various options for their constructive solutions.
 The article analyzes the types of arches, their classification, the conditions of use as load-bearing structures of building coatings, as well as some problems of their static operation, which are related to the choice of form and conditions of their support and division into structural elements. The authors considered the problems of calculating and designing arches, choosing rational forms of arches that ensure the prevention of loss of their stability from the bending plane and a high aesthetic level. The main principles and methods of construction and static calculation of arches are presented.

Hyaluronic Acid and Radiofrequency in Patients with Urogenital Atrophy and Vaginal Laxity.

Vaginal laxity (VL) and genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), as well as aesthetic changes in the vulvar skin, often occur together and cause physical, psychological, and functional problems for women and their partners. The current study evaluated the efficacy of a nonsurgical radiofrequency device (RF) procedure combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into the skin of the labia majora on clinical, histological, and aesthetic levels. Twenty women with GSM and VL, aged between 36 and 72 (mean age 53.4), were treated with bipolar RF SECTUM, vaginal and vulvar application, as well as with a hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into the skin of the labia majora. The Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire (VLQ), Vaginal Health Index (VHI), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used to examine the clinical effects of the operations. The Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was utilized to measure patient satisfaction. On a histochemical level, the concentrations of elastin and collagen in the vaginal wall and vulvar skin were examined. Results: There was significantly higher patient satisfaction and a considerable clinical improvement across all areas of analysis. On the histochemical level, elastin and collagen fiber concentration increased after the treatment protocol both in the vulvar skin and in the vaginal wall: elastin in the vaginal wall, 11.4%, and in the vulvar skin, 61%; collagen in the vaginal wall, 26%, and in the vulvar skin, 27%. The current study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of this nonsurgical RF procedure combined with a hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into the skin of the labia majora on clinical, histochemical, and aesthetic levels.

NEUROMARKETING AS A TOOL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF VISUAL COMFORT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IN PUBLIC SPACES

Currently, most large cities in developed economies are developing and implementing master plans for night lighting. A comparative analysis of 14 master plans unequivocally indicates that the visual comfort of night lighting of open public spaces is one of the most important functions of the organization of the urban environment. However, it should be noted that the understanding of visual comfort in all analyzed works has a very subjective nature and is based on the personal experience and aesthetic preferences of architects. The author has developed a new approach to the analysis of the visual comfort of night lighting. This approach is based on presenting the perception of the visible environment as a step-by-step process of visual perception of the environment by a person. There are three stages of perception in total, namely: psychophysiological level (stage) of perception, emotional-aesthetic and visual-artistic. This article examines the prospects of using the neuromarketing paradigm as a tool for assessing the emotional (emotional-aesthetic level of perception) reactions of recipients to the night lighting of open public spaces. Based on the above, it became possible to determine the emotional and aesthetic limits of the visual comfort of the architectural environment, which in the study are reduced to three main functions of visual comfort: Compensatory (protective) - helps a person in the process of perceiving the aesthetics of the environment to restore internal emotional harmony; Integrating (that unites) - creates a feeling of harmony, integrity and involvement in the environment in human perception; Hedonistic - forms satisfaction from the aesthetic qualities of the architectural environment. Each of the listed functions of comfortable perception of artificial lighting of open public spaces is evaluated according to two groups of characteristics: color and brightness of light. Measurement of physiological and neural signals helps in the creation of creative design, development of emotionally attractive lighting projects, detection of depressive zones and in other areas of architectural activity. Brain scans that measure its neural activity and tracking physiological responses (eg eye saccades, pressure changes, breathing rate, etc.) are the most common measurement methods. Neuromarketing tools can become the basis for identifying quantitative parameters of emotional reactions of target population groups to the visual qualities of lighting in public spaces. Keywords: visual comfort, function of visual comfort, neuromarketing, architecture, emotional and aesthetic level of perception.

THE PRINCIPLE OF HISTORICISM IN THE WORKS OF A. KEKILBAYEV

The article deals with the question of the classical tradition and its creative development, enrichment, continuity and qualitative differences in the approach to the principle of historicism. Historicism is a necessary condition for creating a full-blooded realistic character. Historicism is considered in detail by the authors on the material of the early prose of the Kazakh writer A.Kekilbayev. Based on a concrete analysis of works belonging to different aesthetic systems, the authors strive to show the mechanism of interaction of characters and circumstances at different stages of the formation and development of realistic art, to present the national character in its historical and aesthetic essence. The innovation of A. Kekilbayev is revealed on concrete examples, the logic of the ideological and aesthetic enrichment of the principle of historicism in Kazakh literature is traced. The article analyzes the problems of historical and artistic truth, the continuity of cultural, folklore traditions and literature. The innovation of A. Kekilbayev's prose is investigated. The comprehension of modernity, the untroubled past and the foreseeable future in a single cause-and-effect relationship; the search for social patterns in the previous, human experience; the socio–psychological study of a person in the circumstances of the epoch - all this determines the main thing in the artistic comprehension of reality from the standpoint of consistent historicism. The analysis of the presence in A. Kekilbayev's prose of the main elements of the poetics of historicism, historical motives and images is carried out. The general, typological, as well as individual, unique basic forms and images with historical content in the originals and translations of A. Kekilbayev's works are revealed. The range of socio-moral problems solved by the writer at the philosophical and aesthetic level is covered in detail. Through the moral lessons of the past, there is a comprehension of modernity. Depicting the distant past, the ancient history of ancestors, touching upon moral problems with a deep universal meaning, the writer finds a response with modernity.

The Art Applied to Business

The article presents an overview of Russian authors’ publications, mainly from the first issues of the journal “Technical Aesthetics” of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE). The purpose of this study is to highlight the controversial issues and problems relevant at the initial stages of forming the theory of a new type of artistic and industrial activities: technical aesthetics. The study’s relevance is determined by the fact that in the theory of design, at present, the aspect of the “art — design” linking is considered systemically incomplete. While the stages of the development of Russian design in chronological and biographical perspectives are covered quite fully by K.M. Kantor, N.V. Voronov, Yu.V. Nazarov, G.V. Vershinin and a number of other authors, but the theoretical aspects require further research development.The years of the Institute’s active work (1960s—1980s) are called fruitful in conceptual, scientific and creative terms, it was then that the professional model of the service and interaction between design and the planned economy was finally formed. The article shows that, at that time, intensive discussions of the main problems of artistic design and the provisions of aesthetics were reflected in regular publications of a number of periodicals, especially the journals “Technical Aesthetics” and “Decorative Art of the USSR”; and the difficult question of the criteria for evaluating the aesthetic qualities of industrial products turned out to be paramount. The term “artistic construction” implied the solution of the problem of bringing art and science closer to industry. In this process, in the discourse of the principles of technical and aesthetic creativity, all employees of the Institute — theorists and practitioners who would become outstanding design specialists — took part.The VNIITE’s activities met the demand of the time, the task of national importance — to establish mass production of a decent aesthetic level of industrial products. The period of 1964—1969 is the first stage in the study of the Soviet design formation history and is associated with intensive studying the heritage of the 1920s, introducing new materials into scientific circulation, formulating a number of new problems, and developing criteria for an objective assessment of many phenomena. It was accompanied by a number of difficulties in the relation between the settings of artistic construction and Russian art studies. This article justifies the importance of the work of the pioneers in the field of design in connection with other fields of art, and specifically with architecture and printing.

Folklore and choreography in the dialogue of cultural and national interaction

Subject and purpose. In the modern world, the preservation, revival and development of folk culture is becoming relevant. Due to a number of reasons, the original folklore samples are lost, and may not be subject to restoration. Therefore, at present, the problems of fixing and preserving unique folklore data that were created at different times and contained in the creations of famous choreographers remain unresolved. Samples of preserved and studied folklore can serve as a means of developing creative activity, both in dance groups and students studying folk choreography. The purpose of the study is to identify the contact links of folklore and dance culture in the context of national interaction, to identify aspects of the development of folk dance as an ethno–cultural phenomenon, to identify the potential of its use in the poly-artistic education of peoples. Materials and methods. The methodological foundation of the study is based on a discussion analysis, which helps to understand that the originality of choreography manifests in the style, manner of performance, number of participants, pace of movements, composition, genre, and traditions. Russian dances are characteristic of certain choreographic customs, which allows us to consider them not only as folk art but also as a national one. This work employs interdisciplinary and integrated approaches involving cultural studies, folklore studies, art history, and other related sciences. The results of the study. For a long time, dance folklore is one of the important forms of preservation and transfer of the accumulated experience of spiritual culture from one generation to another. Folklore is always modern and distant, it includes a variety of genres, images, poetics, which is due to social and domestic functions, also ways of expression in art. Folklore is an important source for choreography, as it serves as a material that directors resort to – directors during dancing, and theaters are examined for scientific purposes. Choreography uses oral and written folklore, both in semantic and structural aspects. He, refracted through the dance language, acquires the instance of visualization. In some cases, visual folklore becomes a conceptual idea of creating choreographic numbers and whole dance ensembles. In the archaic geometry of the early forms of dance, a communicative function is laid related to the cosmic symbols of the interaction of nature and man. Folklore principles developed in folk choreography mainly rely on the realistic method of expression, which contributed to the complexity of national recognized world schools. In the classical dance, a separate direction of characteristic dance was distinguished, based on national folklore, the mandatory study of which is now included in the educational process of choreographic educational institutions. Thus, the study of folklore in folk dance helps to understand social relations in society between representatives of a certain ethnic group, reveal their spiritual and material culture and present the aesthetic level of the creators. Depending on the ethnic composition of the dance group itself, an acquaintance with a folklore of a certain ethnic group occurs. Modern professional choreographic art, reflecting folklore, complicates and modifies it, can be considered in the context of experimental art practices and potentially used in new stage solutions. Conclusions. The conducted study allows us to conclude that the ideological, developmental, informational, educational, and socioeducational functions are important elements in the system of the art of choreography. Consequently, folklore reflects folk history, and choreographic folklore helps to study folk dances characteristic of the ethnos to which it belongs. Folk dances contain information about the nation, and the dialogue of cultures, i.e., through its representatives, allows us to obtain information about cultural values, relationships, and norms of behavior of people of another ethnic group. Thus, folklore and folk choreography broaden our horizons and integrate the connection of generations, and the communicative properties inherent in them characterize a certain people.

Media Design: the Research of Terminology Base and Visual Stylistics

Technological changes of the late 20th and early 21st century dramatically influenced the development of the global communication space – all communication channels are rapidly changing to a digital format. The topicality of the article lies in the growing role of visual communications of various formats and computer technologies in modern society. There is an active movement toward digital presentations of the world’s cultural and artistic heritage, multimedia art museums, virtual exhibitions, and virtual tours are appearing, which also require advertising. Main objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the existing terminology and visual stylistics of the media. Methods. The research methodology is based on a multimodal approach. A number of scientific methods were used to achieve the set goal: system-structural, art historical, and comparative. The scientific novelty of this work consists in expanding and deepening ideas about the development of media as a component of design activity. The authors of the article emphasize that a fundamentally new type of communication – multi media – has acquired its own meanings, meanings and visual images. Modern visual advertising appeals should have a clear communicative structure, aesthetic level and stimulate the intellectual activity of the consumer. It is proposed to define colour graphics as a basic means of media design, and aesthetic dimensions (parameters) as cultural-aesthetic ones. Colour semantics and regional imagery are distinguished to provide the aesthetic evaluation of objects in ethnic style. Postmodernism has its own typological features: the use of any ready forms from art to utility, widespread of photography and computer special effects, deliberate violation of commensurable quantities of visual elements, borrowing the ideas from other types of art, remake, interpretation, combination, fragmentation, epatage, installation, collageness and replicability of the projects. Conclusions. The results of our comparative analysis of terminology and stylistic aspects of media resources are presented. It has been proven that visual media is not a constant, but rather a dynamic process aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of those ideas, products, services, companies, or individuals that are being promoted. Media design is defined as the design of a visual info space, an innovative stage of designing for the virtual world, and a qualitatively new stage of its development. In summary, we note that research materials allow its continuation and expansion in order to prepare a course of lectures for Masters in the specialties "Design", "Management of sociocultural activities", "Advertising and PR", "Tourism", etc.

Gazing through the window: A participatory Covid-19-exhibition for a nation in crisis

This visual essay focuses on the digital exhibition ‘Hold Still. A portrait of our Nation in 2020’ by the National Portrait Gallery in London. Regarding a visual social analysis of the Covid-19-pandemic, two main aspects are relevant: first, the project shows new modes of image creation, collection, and presentation. Based on a public call for pictures with more than 31 000 submissions, people contributed to the visualization of the pandemic. Second, 100 images were selected and exhibited in the form of a photoblog. This compilation constitutes a specific way of seeing a nation in crisis. The exhibition depicts one object – the window – as an important symbol of the pandemic. In the form of image sets, three main categories will be presented: (1) on an aesthetic level, the window is used as a specific picture frame; (2) creating an outside and an inside, a particular form of window gaze is established, and (3) the window functions as a specific communicative medium – a connecting divider – that establishes a shared space while dividing it simultaneously. In conclusion, the photoblog can be understood as a specific form of iconic image cluster. By juxtaposing the images in the blog regarding similarities and differences, a new meaning is established. Their combination symbolizes the individual’s friction between proximity and distance, showing persons in the in-between. Instead of displaying states of personal distress, the image compilation depicts the collective struggle in a crisis, thereby establishing new forms of imagined communities.

退溪 李滉 서예미학의 한국서예사적 위상에 관한 고찰

In the history of calligraphy in the Joseon Dynasty, the 16th century is meaningful in that there were various calligraphy styles besides Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy style and Zhaomengfu’s calligraphy style. Before and after Lee Hwang was alive, there were calligraphers such as Kim Gu, Seongsuchim, Hwang Gi-ro, Yang Sa-eon, and Han Ho. Each of them unfolds a variety of calligraphy styles based on their artistry, and from the perspective of calligraphy aesthetics, it is necessary to pay attention to Lee Hwang’s calligraphy aesthetics. This is because Lee Hwang understood calligraphy in the Joseon Dynasty in terms of ‘painting of the heart’ and ‘painting with calligraphy works’ based on the new Confucianism. Lee Hwang is not considered a famous calligrapher when discussing at a technical level. Lee Hwang is not considered a famous calligrapher when discussing at a technical level. The reason why Lee Hwang was established as a calligrapher is that he unfolded a world of calligraphy creation in which his knowledge and character were combined. Lee Hwang’s evaluation of calligraphy was based on ethics rather than art understood at the technical level. This tells us that Lee Hwang’s studies and art are one. The results of Lee Hwang’s calligraphy creation are evaluated as ‘stiff, robust, upright, and solemn’. Applying this to the philosophy raised by Lee Hwang, the idea that ‘when reason works, energy follows’ is a result of art. In addition, it is the result of Lee Hwang’s philosophy of ‘catch respect’. As such, Lee Hwang’s perception of art that all art should be art on which reason worked emphasizes the calligraphy trend developed by Wangxizi and others. In addition, it develops as a reason for criticizing Zhaomengfu and Zhangbi. The key to Lee Hwang’s evaluation of Zhaomengfu and Zhangbi was that they did not understand the reason properly and worked on art creation. Both Zhaomengfu and Zhangbi. belong to the failure to properly operate the calligraphic meaning of ‘the right law of the heart’ and ‘respect’ in New Confucianism. In addition, it belongs to ignoring the right law and the old law and operating it arbitrarily. If the Korean calligraphy history is identified at an aesthetic level, the calligraphy aesthetics raised at the level of ‘catch respect’ and ‘picture of the mind’ presented a typical example of calligraphy aesthetics that Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty later sought. In this regard, there is a historical significance in Korean calligraphy.

Analysis of the Visual Design and Expression Effect of Virtual Reality and Three-Dimensional Space Technology in Art Space

The application of information technology has realized the transformation of people’s production and lifestyle and also promoted the improvement of people’s aesthetic level. Currently, the application of information technology in the art industry is getting stronger and stronger, and using its advanced methods and technologies of information display, this study aims to realize the exploration of art space under virtual reality technology to promote the study of the expression effect of visual design. This study proposes the use of virtual reality technology to guide the study of the effect of visual design expression in art spaces, which helps to analyze and solve a series of problems that objectively exist today in terms of single visual design and people’s aesthetic fatigue, and draws on the principles and algorithms of virtual reality technology to conduct research on the effect of visual design and expression in art spaces. In the experiment for the algorithm of the three-dimensional model, it can be seen from table that the score of one-dimensional space is around 4, the score of two-dimensional space is around 5.6, while the average score of three-dimensional space use is around 8.2; the score is very high, thus we get the following conclusion: three-dimensional space, no matter once or now, in the visual art of art space, as well as the expression effect is a great role, so the study of virtual reality. It is therefore of great vitality and social significance to study how virtual reality can be used to maximum effect in the visual arts and expressions of all art spaces.

THE CATEGORY OF "PERFECTION" IN AL-FARABI'S PHILOSOPHY

The article is devoted to the study of the category of “perfection”, presented in the philosophy of Al-Farabi in the following natural-scientific, historicalphilosophical, social, ethical and aesthetic treatises: “On the Views of the Inhabitants of the Virtuous City”, “On the Origin of Sciences”, “Indicating the Path to Happiness”, “Civil Policy”, “Aphorisms of a Statesman”, “The Great Book of Music”. While analyzing the category of “perfection”, Al-Farabi places it in the context of achievement of human happiness. The study concludes that the category of “perfection” in AlFarabi’s treatises manifests itself at the ontological, axiological, religious, social, ethical and aesthetic levels of philosophical understanding.

“Half a wit is better than none”: Race, Humor, and the Grotesque in Fran Ross’s Oreo

ABSTRACT This article focuses on race and humor in Fran Ross’s satirical novel Oreo, about a half-Black, half-Jewish young woman named Oreo, who goes on a quixotic quest to find her absentee father. I argue that Oreo blends high and low forms of comedy, the intellectual and the grotesque, into a complex and irreverent sense of humor that highlights the absurdity of racial and gender hierarchies. I demonstrate how the novel uses representations of animated, mechanized bodies as a site for much of its comedy and as commentary on the racial and gender politics of its moment. The novel’s comedic sensibility finds its parallel in Oreo’s hybrid identity, which allows her to traverse boundaries and situates her as a cyborg-like figure that resists being sexualized, discriminated against, or humiliated. Ross takes these issues up further on the level of form and aesthetics, creating a carnivalesque world in which racial stereotypes are inverted and structures of power are destabilized. In the end, Ross’s simultaneous mastery and bastardization of the comedic form of the satirical novel destabilizes the rigid binaries typically associated with race, gender, and comedy.

Application of Composite Nanomaterials in the Teaching of Piano Touch Technology and Timbre Expressiveness

The piano is a western musical instrument. The art of piano performance has made great progress in China. Education is essential for the inheritance and development of the arts, including the piano. Piano lessons play an important role in music education and are the foundation of music education. Teachers play a leading role in the learning process. The comprehensive quality of teachers, including ideological and moral accomplishment, cultural accomplishment, work level, teaching theory, and artistic aesthetic level, directly or indirectly affects the teaching level and the growth, learning, attitude, and concept of students. Through the research and experiment on the application of composite nanomaterials in the teaching of piano touch and timbre expressiveness, the experimental data showed that after the improvement of piano touch and timbre performance by nanomaterials, the students’ interest in the piano improvisational accompaniment course has greatly increased. There were 86 people who were interested, accounting for 86.13%. There were 13 people who were not interested and indifferent, accounting for 13.87%. Compared with the increase of 36 people who were interested before the improvement, the number of people, who were not interested and indifferent, was decreased by 36 people. From the abovementioned data, it can be seen that the application of nanomaterials in piano teaching, it has made an indispensable contribution to the development of piano teaching.

Construction of Interactive Virtual Reality Simulation Digital Media System Based on Cross-Media Resources.

The combination of video and music is the most typical combination form in interactive multimedia works, which focuses on the audio-visual presentation characteristics of interactive art. Since both creative practice and theoretical research are still in the development stage, we focus on the creation of audio-visual integration in interactive multimedia works. Theoretical achievements are still very rare, and the guidance of creation theory plays an important role in the improvement of the aesthetic level of works. Therefore, for the development of interactive multimedia works creation, creating a new audio-visual relationship research path has important theoretical value and application value. It also has a certain historical significance for promoting the maturity of this art form. Through interactive virtual reality technology, this paper conducts an in-depth discussion on the simulation of digital media system across media resources. It is more suitable for the user's preference than the PC machine side. From technical means to artistic aesthetic characteristics and practical application, the application field and industry influence of digital media art carried by virtual reality are expounded, and the problems and solutions faced at this stage are proposed. By analyzing the application of virtual reality aesthetics in interaction design, the relationship between the visual level and the experience level of virtual reality aesthetics is discussed. Starting from the basic concepts of virtual reality aesthetics and interaction design, this paper analyzes the virtual reality space architecture and aesthetic dimension of interaction design in the era of artificial intelligence, and the value of virtual reality aesthetics in interaction design. Most interactive multimedia works rely on the open programming environment and have highly open creation tools to realize cross-media creation. The interactive integration of multimedia art and visual communication is the trend in design development. It follows the law of formal beauty and uses visual language to guide the content. Visual communication adapts to the needs of multiplatform media communication, adds multimedia art elements, and promotes the integration of scientific and technological progress and artistic development.

The Language of Spoons

The Language of Spoons

Intertextual practice in Joris-Karl Huysmans' A Rebours

A rebours by Joris-Karl Huysmans is understood on the scriptural and aesthetic level as the privileged place of discursive interactions and all forms of interculturality. Textuality only makes sense in the rapprochement of writing and reading, as well as in the deployment of pictorial and artistic discourse. Thus, we propose to study in this article this textual phenomenon from two relations of co-presence, namely, reference and quotation. Then, we will draw out its meanings, showing precisely in what way the intertextual practice would be for Joris-Karl Huysmans a quest at the same time spiritual, intellectual and artistic. Keywords: Intertextuality, Reference, quotation, des Esseintes, A rebours.

Retentive force of conical crowns combining zirconia and fiber-reinforced composite

PurposeThis study investigated the retentive force of conical crowns combining zirconia primary and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) secondary crowns and their changes due to aging. MethodsZirconia primary crowns were produced with a convergence angle of 3°. Thirty-two secondary crowns were milled from FRC and divided into two groups (n = 16/group) based on the polishing method of the secondary crown inner surfaces: diamond paste (Group 1) and silicone points (Group 2). After fitting the secondary crowns with different fitting forces (F), loosening forces (L) were determined. Tests were repeated after an occlusal stop (OS) was added to the secondary crown and artificial aging (10,000 insertion/removal cycles). Data were compared using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U tests. ResultsCrowns without an OS showed L/F ratios of 0.4586 (Group 1) and 0.4104 (Group 2). With an OS, maximum retention was not significantly affected by the polishing method and could be limited to Lmax = 19.31±7.77 N (Group 1) and Lmax = 16.12±5.92 N (Group 2). ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the combination of conical zirconia primary and FRC secondary crowns can obtain acceptable retentive forces that are not affected by aging if the inner surfaces are polished with diamond paste. OS generation could limit maximum retention, but should be adjusted if the target value of 10 N is not to be exceeded. With a change of the convergence angle to 4°, L/F values for crowns without an OS would be close to 1/3, which is considered ideal for conical crowns. Clinical significanceThe combination of zirconia primary crowns and FRC secondary crowns was found feasible to ensure the required retention for clinical use over a long time span. Furthermore, it offers an alternative to metal-based restorations while ensuring high levels of biocompatibility and esthetics.