Level In Nepal Research Articles

A Comprehensive Analysis of Remittances and Basic Level Government School Enrollment in Nepal

This study aims to examine the factors that impact student enrollment in government schools at the basic level in Nepal. The data were collected from secondary sources publication over the periods of 2000-2022. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied to analyze the correlations between enrollment and economic factors, such as per capita GDP, population growth, and remittances, in both the short-term and long-term. The results suggest that remittances have a significant negative impact on enrollment, raising concerns about the absence of parents due to working abroad. On the other hand, the level of per capita GDP had a positive effect on the accessibility of education, highlighting the importance of economic development. The population growth did not have a significant impact in this model. The co-integration test suggests a strong and lasting connection between the variables, while the Granger causality tests reveal that remittances and per capita GDP had a significant impact on enrollment. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to improve access to high-quality education for every child in Nepal. The paper also discussed potential areas for future research, such as investigating the underlying causes of the negative impacts of remittances and addressing the issue of serial correlation in the model.

Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Attending the Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Introduction: Lack of knowledge of the need for regular diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) has turned many patients in the advanced stage of DR before first eye check-ups. Unfortunately, data on the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of diabetic patients with DR are not satisfactory in Nepal. Here, we aim to assess the factors predisposing to awareness levels in the Nepalese context. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study enrolling 369 diabetic patients visiting the Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services between March 2020 and February 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Nepal Health Research Council. A convenience sampling technique was used. The questionnaire was utilized to assess basic demographic profiles, awareness about diabetic retinopathy, and sources of information on the need for diabetic eye check-ups. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients was 56.26 (11.13) years. The age group of 40–59 years comprised more than half of the total patients. Awareness of DR was 86.7% in this study. Education level and the duration of DM were directly proportional to the awareness level. Healthcare workers or physicians were the primary sources of information on awareness. Conclusions: Awareness of poor visual consequences of DR among patients with diabetes in Nepal is relatively satisfactory. However, patients’ willingness to undergo retinopathy check-ups was not up to the mark. Therefore, we recommend finding out the barrier to poor compliance with diabetic retinopathy in the future. The consumer-focussed health educational interventions and physician-based skills and the DRS facility would improve the awareness level in Nepal.

User satisfaction with the National Health Insurance Program: A community-based survey from the Ilam district of Nepal.

The Government of Nepal initiated a family-based National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) in April 2016, aiming to ensure universal health coverage (UHC) by enhancing access to and utilization of quality health services. However, NHIP, in its initial years of implementation, encountered challenges such as low population coverage, a high dropout rate, and concerns among the insured regarding the quality of healthcare services. There is a dearth of information regarding user satisfaction with the NHIP in Nepal. This study aimed to assess user satisfaction with NHIP at the household level in Nepal. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 347 households in the Ilam district using a multi-stage random sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with household heads enrolled in NHIP. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify the predictors of satisfaction level. Overall, 53.6% of the insured were satisfied with the NHIP, while 31.1% had comprehensive knowledge about the NHIP. Factors such as gender (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.08-3.00), distance to the first point of contact (AOR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.24-3.74), waiting time (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.20-3.42), availability of diagnostic services (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.05-3.45), availability of prescribed medicine (AOR: 3.90, 95% CI: 1.97-7.69), perceived service quality (AOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.15-4.20), and the behavior of service providers (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.04-11.63) were significantly associated with user satisfaction. The satisfaction level among NHIP users was deemed moderate. This study highlighted several factors, such as gender, distance to the first point of contact, waiting time, availability of diagnostic services and prescribed medicine, perceived service quality, and the behavior of service providers, as key determinants impacting user satisfaction. Recognizing the pivotal role of user satisfaction, health insurance stakeholders must prioritize it to ensure higher retention rates and coverage within NHIP.

Drivers of antimicrobial resistance within the communities of Nepal from One Health perspective: a scoping review.

A major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. At the community level, people are often engaged in behaviors that drive AMR within human, animal, and environmental (One Health) impacts. This scoping review consolidates research to determine (a) the community's knowledge, attitudes, and practices around AMR; (b) existing community-based interventions; and (c) barriers and enablers to addressing AMR in Nepal. This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. Literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, HINARI-SUMMON, Embase (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), CAB Abstracts (Ovid), Web of Science, and Google Scholar between January 2000 and January 2023 were reviewed for inclusion. Articles were included in the review if they considered the issues of AMR at the community level in Nepal; this excluded clinical and laboratory-based studies. A total of 47 studies met these criteria, were extracted, and analyzed to consolidate the key themes. A total of 31 (66%) articles exclusively included human health; five (11%) concentrated only on animal health; no studies solely focused on environmental aspects of AMR; and the remaining studies jointly presented human, animal, and environmental aspects. Findings revealed inadequate knowledge accompanied by inappropriate practice in both the human and animal health sectors. Four community interventions improved knowledge and practices on the appropriate use of antimicrobials among community people. However, various social and economic factors were found as barriers to the appropriate use of antimicrobials in the community. Community engagement and One Health approaches could be key tools to improve awareness of AMR and promote behavioral change related to AM use in communities, as current studies have revealed inadequate knowledge alongside inappropriate practices shared in both human and animal health sectors. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FV326.

Climate change policy instruments in agriculture sector: From policy to adaptation practice at local level in Nepal

The current study explores synergies between climate change policy instruments and agriculture sector, reviews identified gaps and understands the translation of policy instruments at local level in five sample municipalities of three ecological regions. Understanding the adaptation actions and knowledge on implementation practices at household level is as the objective of this study. It adopted qualitative research approach using both primary (KII, FGD and household survey) and secondary data (review of existing policy documents) based on qualitative document analysis, (QDA). The study found that, policy and programs formulation at national and sub-national level in different period, are designed within the same setting from national to local level but there is divergence in programs formulation and implementation methods. Capacity and understanding of policy instruments has resulted different policy output which implicate farmers’ response to implementation practices. It is found that municipal authorities are implementing climate friendly agriculture programs without explicitly declaring climate action. The farmers are practicing autonomous adaption in agriculture with limited understanding and technical knowledge of long term climate change effect on farming. This has resulted maladaptive practices, which has contested planned climate change adaptation plan and programs. It devaluates the effort and resources spent by national and international institutions on CC policy instrument formulation and implementation. The need of field based demonstrative understanding and awareness campaigns for smallholder farmers is anticipated. It concludes that, flexibility of policy instruments through regular improvements and modification aids context-specific localization provide custom solutions. The custom solution match the traditional and existing adaptation practices assuring ownership at ground level.

Exploring Factors Contributing to Indifference Towards Learning Mathematics Among Secondary School Students in Nepal

Abstract 
 
 Mathematics is a compulsory subject at the school level in Nepal, deemed essential for everyday life and higher studies, particularly in the fields of science and technology. However, there is a noticeable apathy among students when it comes to learning mathematics. This qualitative research aims to identify the factors that contribute to this indifference towards learning mathematics. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with four participants from both public and private schools, all enrolled in the tenth grade. Analysis and interpretation of the data revealed several factors that lead to this indifference. These factors can be classified as student-related, school-related, and home and society-related. Student-related factors include mathematics anxiety, negative perceptions, insufficient effort, poor academic achievements, limited real-world applications, low self-efficacy, and perpetuation of misconceptions about mathematics. School-related factors encompass teaching practices, teacher qualifications, traditional methods focused on rote learning, impractical curriculum and courses, inadequate school administration, and subpar physical facilities. Home and society-related factors have a negative effect on mathematics engagement, such as unfavorable home environments, low socioeconomic status, and parental education. Together, these factors contribute to the observed indifference towards learning mathematics.
 Keywords: Indifference, Qualitative, Mathematics, Factors, Home, Students, School

Climate change knowledge among the community school students of Sindhuli district of central Nepal

Knowledge of climate change is a key instrument to combat climate change and raise awareness of society, but only a few studies have been conducted to assess students’ knowledge level in Nepal. In this study, a semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted on 140 students of grades 7, 8, 9, and 10 from four community schools to assess climate change knowledge. The results showed a statistically significant association between students’ responses to being aware (yes/no) of the term “climate change” across genders as well as across different grades. A majority of the surveyed students reported a rise in temperature (n=67.85 %) and increasing rainfall intensity (n=57.85 %) over the course of the years. More than half of the surveyed students (n=55 %) would like to receive climate change education through their own curriculum books. Similarly, 44.27 % of the surveyed students identified plantation activities as a key climate change adaptation measure that they could perform. The findings of our study has indicated that school education is the best medium for students to learn about climate change. Thus, environmental education programs should be widely promoted while climate change education needs to be integrated into school curricula to a greater extent.

Role of Social Workers for Education Development at the Local Level in Nepal

Social work has been developed before the 19th century. It provides support through various organizations. The short meaning of social work is work done for society, which is different from personal work. One can support the entire nation through the family members of the larger community. In fact, social work is self-service in various human lives, behaviors, social groups, and functions. It includes sociology, anthropology, practical knowledge, management, population, education, geography, history, law, political science, and psychology. In the name of religion, people are adopting social service or social work in an unknown way. Social service is self-desire, and people do it for soul satisfaction. Social service should be selfless, but today selfish people have entered every field. It cannot be said that theory and practice are different things. Since 72.5% of respondents agree to social work on an individual basis, a group or community is involved in social service to address the social, economic, and psychological aspects of the concerned person or society. Otherwise, it can adversely affect the concerned individual, family, community, or entire society. An individual or an organization improves social services. This is a voluntary service. It leads to the development of society and the country. People do not expect anything in return from the public. It means work is dynamic and unique in helping individuals, families, groups, and communities. The primary goal of social services is to improve the overall well-being of society, especially for the most vulnerable populations.

Exploring the potential for children to act on antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: Valuable insights from secondary analysis of qualitative data.

This study explores the perceived roles of children in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in two sites across Nepal. AMR is a global challenge and underpinned by many complex behavioural drivers including how antimicrobial medicines are sourced and used. Because of this social dynamic, several research groups are using community engagement (CE) approaches to understand AMR at community level. However, most data negate the importance of children in behaviours linked to, and potentially driving AMR. In this study, authors apply secondary analysis methods to 10 transcripts representing the views of 23 adults engaged in an AMR-focused film-making project. By focusing on participants' reference to children, we reveal that antimicrobial usage and adherence to health providers' messages can be influenced by the age of the patient. Secondly that children are involved in some of the behaviours which are known to drive antimicrobial resistance such as purchasing over-the-counter antibiotic drugs. Finally, community members discuss that, with careful creation of resources, AMR could be meaningfully presented in educational settings with a view to children acting as agents of change around AMR-driving behaviours. Findings suggest that age-inclusive community engagement projects could be effective in tackling AMR at community level in Nepal and other low resource settings.

Case Report of Delayed Treatment of Lepromatous Leprosy Masquerading as Acne Vulgaris in Post Elimination Era in Nepal

Leprosy affects multiple systems and causes morbidity. However, with attainment of global elimination, and prevalence being 0.89/10000 at national level in Nepal; it is seldom considered a diagnosis when it doesn't manifest telltale signs. Leprosy can masquerade various dermatological, orthopedic or neurological problems thus delaying the diagnosis.

Rapid Rice Yield Estimation Using Integrated Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data and Machine Learning

This study developed a rapid rice yield estimation workflow and customized yield prediction model by integrating remote sensing and meteorological data with machine learning (ML). Several issues need to be addressed while developing a crop yield estimation model, including data quality issues, data processing issues, selecting a suitable machine learning model that can learn from few available time-series data, and understanding the non-linear relationship between historical crop yield and remote sensing and meteorological factors. This study applied a series of data processing techniques and a customized ML model to improve the accuracy of crop yield estimation at the district level in Nepal. It was found that remote sensing-derived NDVI product alone was not sufficient for accurate estimation of crop yield. After incorporating other meteorological variables into the ML models, estimation accuracy improved dramatically. Along with NDVI, the meteorological variables of rainfall, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration also exhibited a strong association with rice yield. This study also found that stacking multiple tree-based regression models together could achieve better accuracy than benchmark linear regression or standalone ML models. Due to the unique and distinct physio-geographical setting of each district, a variation in estimation accuracy from district to district could be observed. Our data processing and ML model workflow achieved an average of 92% accuracy of yield estimation with RMSE 328.06 kg/ha and MAE 317.21 kg/ha. This methodological workflow can be replicated in other study areas and the results can help the local authorities and stakeholders understand the factors affecting crop yields as well as estimating crop yield before harvesting season to ensure food security and sustainability.

Government Framework for Agriculture Service Delivery at the Local Level in Nepal

This paper examines the policy, institutional and legal aspects of agriculture service delivery (ASD) of local government in federal Nepal. The aim of this study is to recommend an appropriate framework for improving ASD unit efficiency in delivering agricultural services to citizens. The paper seeks to answer the question of whether the ASD unit of municipalities facilitates a local government framework while discharging their agriculture services to the citizens. To achieve this, both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected through structured interviews of agriculture service takers using stratified random sampling and were accompanied by participant observations, FGDs and KIIs. Secondary data were obtained from government documents. A convergent parallel mix method research design was adopted, which implied abductive reasoning with pragmatist research philosophy. The study found that despite poor facilities and structures at the local level, the client experienced extended agricultural service delivery. Local governments are undergoing a transition in harmonizing institutional and legal policies, as evidenced by the differences in service delivery and expertise. The study identified three areas of demand from people with local authorities viz; infrastructure for basic services, quality extension from professional experts, and prioritization of the agriculture sector. Based on the findings, an enhanced ASD framework at the local level is recommended to meet the quality service needs of diversified clients. In this regard, enhanced municipal capacity is crucial.

School Dropout of Dalit Students at Basic Level in Nepal

This paper examines the situation of school dropout students at basic level in Nepal. The term dropout refers to a person who has abandoned a course of study. The focus of the analysis has covered one of the most privileged groups of Nepalese society in a community schools of Nepal, which is known as Dalit. In this paper the dropout refers to Dalit students who dropout of school before completing a course of instruction. . For this purpose, quantitative research design was applied to collect data. Both primary and secondary data were used and questionnaire method was applied to collect primary data. Secondary data were collected from the official records of schools. The finding shows that Dalit students are facing the dropout problem before completing basic level. The finding also indicates that Dalits are considered one of the disadvantaged group of Nepalese society as well as backwards in terms of socio-economic status and education. The caste and gender discrimination has also played a significant role to increase dropout of Dalit students. The government of Nepal has declared various lows, policies and program to increase students' participation and to ensure equal access in education of Dalit students. However, the rate of dropout Dalit students are higher than other groups of people. As a result, at the basic level continues to grow, yet its high dropout rates remain a pressing and complex problem in Dalit community.

A Researcher's Methodological Approach in a Dissertation of Master of Philosophy in Mathematics Education in Nepal

This paper explores on methodology approach applied for explaining assessment of mathematics to excavate assessment practices of students and teachers at secondary level in the context of Nepal. The paper uncovers the methodology section of a dissertation entitled "Assessment in Secondary Level Mathematics: A Narrative Inquiry" submitted to Nepal Open University to acquire a degree of masters of Philosophy in Mathematics Education. I portray the related phenomena to my research questions from ontological, epistemological, axiological, and rhetorical considerations. Then I describe methodological considerations related to research paradigm, research design, and sampling of data. Furthermore, I explore the data collection and analysis of my study, dividing it into different subheadings. I have thrown light on quality standards and ethical consideration followed in the research. The paper further excavates the data analysis, data interpretation of the methodology section of the dissertation. Finally, the paper concludes with discussion and conclusions about the applied methodology to conduct the study on mathematics assessment at secondary level in Nepal.

Analysis of Contractual Process of Users Committees: A Case of Khairahani Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal

Purpose: The projects at local level in Nepal are found to be executed through users committee or contractors depending upon structure and budget. To assess the existing practice of formation & contractual process of Users Committees while implementing construction projects at Khairahani Municipality Chitwan., Nepal. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was solely the project management practice of the Municipality implementing through UCs using Checklist Survey for projects with cost more than 10 laks. Data of the 33-sample site (different sectors of construction) will be collected and analyzed to obtain the significance. The information collected from the UCs members through the questionnaire and the consultations. The data were also collected from the Engineers, Sub Engineers, Planning officers, Assistant planning officer, Account Officer, Accountant, and elected representatives employed through questionnaire. All the collected data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using bars, graphs & diagrams and comparison with existing laws. Findings/Result: The UCs in the projects of Municipality was formed by the general mass meeting of local beneficiaries without political interferences or biases. For the construction projects implementation through UCs, its formation was through the participatory approach but it was not strictly followed the prevailing acts, rules, guidelines and directives to local bodies for the composition of UCs. The supervision and monitoring mechanism exists but it was not functioning as well. The projects after the work completion had been examined and cleared within the time. The ownership of the projects, O & M fund and handover of the completed projects was not clearly defined. There were very few projects implemented through UCs that have adverse environmental impact, though the environmental impact consideration should be taken. From the study it is found that both the approaches can be suitable depending on the specific conditions and requirements. Each one of them has its own merits and demerits which do not enact in all situation of rural construction work. Originality/Value: The existing practice of formation and contractual process complies with existing laws, bylaws rules, regulations, and guidelines illustrate law binding nature. Paper Type: Research paper

Consonants and Vowels in English and Wambule: A Contrastive Study

This paper deals with the Wambule phonemes and compares and contrasts them with English phonemes. Wambule, a Tibeto-Burman language is spoken by the same sub-ethnic group of Rai and English, though international language, is taught as one of the compulsory subjects from Nursery to Bachelor level in Nepal. In Nepalese context, Wambule speakers should compulsorily learn English. So, contrastive analysis between two languages plays a great role in suggesting some pedagogical implications. This paper attempts to compare and contrasts between two languages’ phonemes and suggests some pedagogical implications in brief.

Analyzing the Implementation of Policies and Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Health Care Level in Nepal.

BackgroundNepal, in recent years, is witnessing an increasing problem of type 2 diabetes that has resulted significant premature deaths and disability. Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes have been prioritized in the national policies and guidelines of the Nepal Government. However, research looking at the overview of the implementation of the existing policies and guidelines for diabetes prevention and control is scarce. Hence, this study reviewed diabetes related existing policies and its implementation process at the primary health care level in Nepal.MethodsThis study involved two phases: Phase I: situation analyses through review of documents and Phase II: qualitative exploratory study. In phase I, four databases (Medline, Web of Science, Embase and PubMed) were systematically searched using key search terms related to diabetes care and policies between January 2000 and June 2021. Also, relevant gray literature was reviewed to understand the trajectory of policy development and its translation with regards to diabetes prevention and management at primary health care level in Nepal. Following the phase I, we conducted in-depth interviews (IDI) and key informant interviews (KII) with health care providers, policy makers, and managers (IDI = 13, and KII = 7) at peripheral and central levels in Kavrepalanchowk and Nuwakot districts of Nepal. The in-depth interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded. The triangulation of data from document review and interviews was done and presented in themes.ResultsFour key themes were identified through triangulating findings from the document review and interviews including (i) limited implementation of policies into practices; (ii) lack of coordination among the different levels of service providers; (iii) lack of trained human resources for health and inadequate quality services at the primary health care level, and (iv) inadequate access and utilization of diabetes care services at primary health care level. Specifically, this study identified some key pertinent challenges to the implementation of policies and programs including inadequate resources, limited engagement of stakeholders in service design and delivery, lack of trained health care providers, lack of financial resources to strengthen peripheral health services, fragmented health governance, and weak reporting and monitoring systems.ConclusionThis study revealed that the policies, plans, and strategies for prevention and management of NCDs in Nepal recognized the importance of diabetes prevention and control. However, a major gap remains with adequate and lack of clarity in terms of implementation of available policies, plans, strategies, and programs to address the problem of diabetes. We suggest the need for multisectoral approach (engaging both health and non-health sectors) at central as well as peripheral levels to strengthen the policies implementation process, building capacity of health care providers, ensuring adequate financial and non-financial resources, and improving quality of services at primary health care levels.

Engaging Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) for cardiovascular diseases risk screening in Nepal.

IntroductionNon-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have become the leading public health problems worldwide and the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is one of the major NCDs. Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) in Nepal are the key drivers to implementing frontline health services. We explored the potential for engaging FCHVs for CVD risk screening at the community level in Nepal.MethodsWe used multiple approaches (quantitative and qualitative) for data collection. The trained FCHVs administered CVD risk screening questionnaire among 491 adults in rural and urban areas and calculated the CVD risk scores. To maintain consistency and quality, a registered medical doctor also, using the same risk scoring chart, independently calculated the CVD risk scores. Kappa statistics and concordance coefficient were used to compare these two sets of risk screening results. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted. Two focus group discussions among the FCHVs were conducted to determine their experiences with CVD risk screening and willingness to engage with CVD prevention and control efforts.ResultsThe mean level of agreement between two sets of risk screening results was 94.5% (Kappa = 0.77, P<0.05). Sensitivity of FCHV screening was 90.3% (95% CI: 0.801–0.964); and the specificity was 97% (95% CI: 0.948, 0.984). FCHVs who participated in the FGDs expressed a strong enthusiasm and readiness to using the CVD risk screening tools. Despite their busy workload, all FCHVs showed high level of motivation and willingness in using CVD risk screening tools and contribute to the prevention and control efforts of NCDs. The FCHVs recommended needs for providing additional training and capacity building opportunities.ConclusionWe conclude that there is a potential for engaging FCHVs to use simple CVD risk screening tools at the community level. The findings are promising, however, further studies engaging larger number of FCHVs and larger population would warrant feasibility of such tools within the existing healthcare systems in Nepal.

Impact of Microcredit on Housing and Food Security in Nepal

This paper intends to assess the impact of microcredit on housing and food security in Nepal. The multivariate techniques used to achieve the objectives of the study. The study uses Nepal Living Standard Survey2011 data, which covers 5,988 households. Considering the endogeneity in the microcredit participation of household, the study uses instrumental variable technique (IV method) for assessing the impact of microcredit on housing and food security After the adjustment of the endogeneity, distance of bank, distance of cooperative from household and holding of land size of household as the instruments, eligible household reduced 475 household from 779 total households of intervention group and similarly 2,953 households from 5,209 total households of control group. CMP (conditional mixed process) estimator used to give flexibility in terms of combining continuous and binary variables together in the same model. Multivariate analysis indicates that it has positive and significant relationship on housing and food security (construction material, ownership status, sources of electricity, structural condition, sources of drinking, maintenance of house, consumption of cereals, consumption of veg, consumption of milk, consumption of egg, consumption of meat, food diversity) on intervention group than the control group. The results and findings of this study and review of the literatures in the paper provided a wide range of evidence that microcredit programs can increase incomes and lift families out of poverty. Microcredit would be a viable and potentially sustainable tool to reduce poverty level in Nepal.

Strengthening urban primary healthcare service delivery using electronic health technologies: A qualitative study in urban Nepal.

BackgroundNepal is a South Asian country with a high burden of non-communicable diseases. Electronic health technologies are a promising strategy to mitigate the rising burden of non-communicable diseases by strengthening primary healthcare center service delivery. However, electronic health implementation in Nepal is limited. Furthermore, electronic health use at the primary healthcare center level is chronically understudied. This qualitative study seeks to understand the perceived awareness, benefits, and determinants of electronic health uptake in Nepal, focusing on primary healthcare center-level non-communicable disease management.MethodsWe conducted in-depth interviews with 27 participants including policymakers, health experts, facility administrators, providers, and non-communicable diseases patients in 2019. We selected six urban primary healthcare center facilities via cluster convenience sampling for recruiting facility administrators, providers, and patients, and used convenience sampling to recruit policymakers and experts. We conducted thematic data analysis inductively and deductively using the electronic health readiness assessment framework to understand perceived barriers and facilitators of electronic health implementation.ResultsWhile there was general awareness and acceptance of electronic health, multiple barriers impede readiness for implementation. These include policy making gaps, language barriers, low user technical literacy, concerns of overreliance on technology, and inadequate training for administrators and providers. Stakeholder suggestions include creating electronic health interfaces that meet the needs of end users (providers and patients), providing training to enable end users to effectively use electronic health technologies, and strong policy support at the national level.ConclusionWe identify several determinants for effectively promoting the use of electronic health for non-communicable diseases service delivery at the primary healthcare center level in Nepal.