Level Density Research Articles

Antecedents and outcomes of firm internet-interactive capability in interfirm relationships

Purpose This study aims to explore whether and how the two potential antecedents (i.e. relationship quality at the dyadic level and network density at the network level) affect firms’ internet-interactive capability (FIIC), referring to the capability of a specific firm to communicate and interact with the relevant partner firms on the basis of internet-interactive technologies in the internet environment and, at the same time, the following influence of FIIC on collaborative activities (i.e. joint planning and joint problem-solving). Design/methodology/approach This study designed a questionnaire and collected data on-site from 400 manufacturers. SmartPLS is used to validate the research model. Findings The results suggest that the dyadic relationship quality and network density of the partner group are both positively connected with a firm’s FIIC. Besides, FIIC is positively related to collaborative activities with its partners. Research limitations/implications Given the nature of our data (i.e. cross-sectional), the authors can collect longitudinal or experimental data to retest the hypotheses. Practical implications This study gives certain guidance for firms to be aware of the factors that motivate FIIC and use their FIIC to influence their employees’ collaborative activities in their relationships with partners, thereby promoting cooperation performance. Originality/value This study attempts to extend the resource-based theory based on the logic of motivation-capability by exploring the potential antecedents of FIIC and makes contributions to the current studies on the antecedents of FIIC, which provides actionable insights for firms to play the role of FIIC in interfirm interactions.

Coordinated deformation mechanisms of high formability Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Zn–Fe alloys via coupling control of thermomechanical processes

Both the high formability and strengths are greatly important for the automotive application of Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys. In the present work, four novel thermomechanical processing routes were designed to improve the comprehensive properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Zn–Fe alloys. The results show that, the interspace between Fe-rich particles and Fe/Mn-containing dispersoids can be significantly reduced by an optimized thermomechanical processing route. This enhanced the interaction between them during subsequent cold rolling process, resulting in increased number density and uniform distribution level of multi-scale Fe-rich particles, which further substantially improve both the recrystallization microstructure and mechanical properties, i.e., higher bendability, average r value of 0.72 (0.59 for traditional sheet) and tensile strength of 302 MPa (283 MPa for traditional sheet). The microstructure evolution of alloy sheets was schematically illustrated, and in-depth analysis on the mechanism of high formability was proceeded from the aspects of grain boundary misorientations and recrystallization texture.

Region-specific and age-related differences in astrocytes in the human brain

Astrocyte heterogeneity and its relation to aging in the normal human brain remain poorly understood. We here analyzed astrocytes in gray and white matter brain tissues obtained from donors ranging in age between the neonatal period to over 100 years. We show that astrocytes are differently distributed with higher density in the white matter. This regional difference in cellular density becomes less prominent with age. Additionally, we confirm the presence of morphologically distinct astrocytes, with gray matter astrocytes being morphologically more complex. Notably, gray matter astrocytes morphologically change with age, while white matter astrocytes remain relatively consistent in morphology. Using regional mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we did, however, identify astrocyte specific proteins with regional differences in abundance, reflecting variation in cellular density or expression level. Importantly, the expression of some astrocyte specific proteins region-dependently decreases with age. Taken together, we provide insights into region- and age-related differences in astrocytes in the human brain.

Statistical investigation of the angular momentum dependence of the nuclear level density parameter

The nuclear level density (NLD) parameter is crucial for calculating cross-sections in nuclear physics, astrophysics, reactor design, and medical physics. Spin and parity, along with excitation energy, are fundamental properties of an excited nuclear level. Previous investigations into the NLD’s dependence on spin and parity have primarily used approximate methods like parity equidistribution and Gaussian distribution of spins. However, the specific impact of spin and parity on the NLD parameter, a key component in NLD formulation, has not been extensively studied. We examined the spin and parity dependence of the NLD parameter. Our findings demonstrate that the NLD parameter’s dependency on both excitation energy and angular momentum can be accurately characterized by a Laplace distribution, highlighting the complex interplay of these factors in nuclear physics.

α-Pinene Improves Follicle Morphology and Increases the Expression of mRNA for Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 and Peroxiredoxin 6 in Bovine Ovarian Tissues Cultured In Vitro.

Oxidative stress during in vitro of ovarian tissues has adverse effects on follicle survival. α-pinene is a monoterpenoid molecule with antioxidant activity that has great potential to maintain cell survival in vitro. This study investigated the effect of α-pinene (1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, or 20.0 μg/mL) on primordial follicle growth and morphology, as well as on stromal cells and collagen fibers in bovine ovarian slices cultured for six days. The effect of α-pinene on transcripts of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was investigated by real-time PCR. The tissues were processed for histological analysis to evaluate follicular growth, morphology, stromal cell density, and collagen fibers. The results showed that 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 µg/mL α-pinene increased the percentages of normal follicles but did not influence follicular growth. The α-pinene (10.0 µg/mL) kept the stromal cell density and collagen levels in cultured bovine ovarian tissue like uncultured tissues. Ovarian tissues cultured in control medium had reduced expression of mRNA for NRF2, SOD, CAT, GPX1, and PRDX6, but α-pinene (10.0 µg/mL) increased mRNA levels for NRF2 and PRDX6. In conclusion, 10.0 µg/mL α-pinene improves the follicular survival, preserves stromal cell density and collagen levels, and increases transcripts of NRF2 and PRDX6 after in vitro culture of bovine ovarian tissue.

Spatial interaction and functional status of CD68+SHP2+ macrophages in tumor microenvironment correlate with overall survival of NSCLC.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can regulate tumor proliferation and support resistance to therapy, constituting promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. Our previous results suggest that SHP2 plays a crucial role in reprogramming the phenotype of TAMs. Thus, we hypothesized that SHP2+ TAM may predict the treatment efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC patients as a biomarker. We analyzed cancer tissue samples from 79 NSCLC patients using multiplex fluorescence (mIF) staining to visualize various SHP-2+ TAM subpopulations (CD68+SHP2+, CD68+CD86+, CD68+206+, CD68+ CD86+SHP2+, CD68+ CD206+SHP2+) and T cells (CD8+ Granzyme B +) of immune cells. The immune cells proportions were quantified in the tumor regions (Tumor) and stromal regions (Stroma), as well as in the overall tumor microenvironment (Tumor and Stroma, TME). The analysis endpoint was overall survival (OS), correlating them with levels of cell infiltration or effective density. Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between immune cell subsets infiltration and OS. Correlations between different immune cell subsets were examined by Spearman's tests. In NSCLC, the distribution of different macrophage subsets within the TME, tumor regions, and stroma regions exhibited inconsistency. The proportions of CD68+ SHP2+ TAMs (P < 0.05) were higher in tumor than in stroma. And the high infiltration of CD68+SHP2+ TAMs in tumor areas correlated with poor OS (P < 0.05). We found that the expression level of SHP2 was higher in M2-like macrophages than in M1-like macrophages. The CD68+SHP2+ subset proportion was positively correlated with the CD68+CD206+ subset within TME (P < 0.0001), tumor (P < 0.0001) and stroma (P < 0.0001). The high infiltration of CD68+SHP2+ TAMs predict poor OS in NSCLC. Targeting SHP2 is a potentially effective strategy to inhibit M2-phenotype polarization. And it provides a new thought for SHP2 targeted cancer immunotherapy.

Hardness Distribution and Growth Behavior of Micro-Arc Oxide Ceramic Film with Positive and Negative Pulse Coordination.

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a promising technology for enhancing the wear resistance of engine cylinders by growing a high hardness alumina ceramic film on the surface of light aluminum engine cylinders. However, the positive and negative pulse coordination, voltage characteristic signal, hardness distribution characteristics of the ceramic film, and their internal mechanism during the growth process are still unclear. This paper investigates the synergistic effect mechanism of cathodic and anodic current on the growth behaviour of alumina, dynamic voltage signal, and hardness distribution of micro-arc oxidation film. Ceramic film samples were fabricated under various conditions, including current densities of 10, 12, 14, and 16 A/dm2, and current density ratios of cathode and anode of 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3, respectively. Based on the observed characteristics of the process voltage curve and the spark signal changes, the growth of the ceramic film can be divided into five stages. The influence of positive and negative current density parameters on the segmented growth process of the ceramic film is mainly reflected in the transition time, voltage variation rate, and the voltage value of different growth stages. Enhancing the cathode pulse effect or increasing the current density level can effectively shorten the transition time and accelerate the voltage drop rate. The microhardness of the ceramic film cross-section presents a discontinuous soft-hard-soft regional distribution. Multiple thermal cycles lead to a gradient differentiation of the Al2O3 crystal phase transition ratio along the thickness direction of the layer. The layer grown on the outer surface of the initial substrate exhibits the highest hardness, with a small gradient change in hardness, forming a high hardness zone approximately 20-30 μm wide. This high hardness zone extends to both sides, with hardness decreasing rapidly.

Circulating netrin-1 levels are reduced and related to corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Deficiency of neurotropic factors is implicated in diabetic neuropathy (DN). Netrin-1 is a neurotropic factor, but its association with DN has not been explored. We have assessed the association between serum netrin-1 levels and early diabetic neuropathy assessed by quantifying corneal nerve fiber loss using corneal confocal microscopy. A total of 72 participants with type 2 diabetes, without and with corneal nerve fiber loss (DN- n = 42, DN+ n = 30), and 45 healthy controls were studied. Serum netrin-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and corneal nerve morphology was assessed using corneal confocal microscopy. Corneal nerve fiber density, branch density, fiber length and serum netrin-1 levels were significantly lower in the DN- and DN+ groups compared with controls (P < 0.001). Netrin-1 levels correlated with corneal nerve fiber length in the DN+ group (r = 0.51; P < 0.01). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a netrin-1 cut-off value of 599.6 (pg/mL) had an area under the curve of 0.85, with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 74% (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval 0.76-0.94) for differentiating patients with and without corneal nerve loss. Serum netrin-1 levels show a progressive decline with increasing severity of small nerve fiber damage in patients with diabetes. Netrin-1 could act as a biomarker for small nerve fiber damage in DN.

SYSTEM DESIGN FOR CALCUALTING THE NUMBER AND DENSITY OF MOTORCYCLES IN PARKING AREA BASED ON BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION METHOD

There are still issues with a number of students parking their vehicles improperly in the parking spaces provided. This causes suboptimal parking capacity due to a lack of information about parking capacity. In recent years, at a certain library, vehicle detection has been implemented using a Gaussian mixture model algorithm using a Raspberry Pi. However, this library does not provide information about the density status of the parking area. Therefore, an information system was created to determine the level of density of the parking area based on the ratio of vehicles entering and exiting compared to the maximum capacity of the parking area. The system uses the Gaussian mixture model algorithm with the machine learning method of background subtraction MOG2, which can calculate the number of vehicles based on the difference between objects and the background of objects, using test data in the form of videos recorded using a camera positioned horizontally to the entrance and exit lanes of the parking area. This research resulted in an accuracy of 89.7% for Video1TA, precision of 93.2%, a crowded parking area density level, and a value of 129.12. Video2TA had a value of 101.08, precision of 100%, and accuracy of 90%, while Video3TA had an accuracy of 35%, precision of 56.7%, and a value of 49.48. The density levels of videos 2 and 3 are the same, indicating that the parking area is still empty. The test results show that the value can affect the system in detecting an object.

Predictors of Metastasis in 68GA-Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Pet-CT in the Primary Staging of Prostate Cancer.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing Gallium 68 Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography (Ga68 PSMA PET-CT) uptake for primary staging in prostate cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 499 non-metastatic and 243 de novo metastatic prostate cancer cases undergoing Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data were collected and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression determined independent risk factors for metastasis detection on Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Results: Metastatic cases showed higher levels of total PSA, PSA density (dPSA) and biopsy ISUP grade group compared to non-metastatic cases. Multivariate analysis identified cT2 stage and dPSA as independent predictors of metastasis detection on Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Conclusions: Ga68 PSMA PET-CT plays a crucial role in prostate cancer staging, with identified factors such as clinical T stage and dPSA significantly impacting its diagnostic accuracy. These findings underscore the importance of Ga68 PSMA PET-CT in refining clinical staging and guiding treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients.

Probing white matter microstructure in youth with chronic pain and its relation to catastrophizing using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging.

Chronic pain is common in young people and can have a major life impact. Despite the burden of chronic pain, mechanisms underlying chronic pain development and persistence are still poorly understood. Specifically, white matter (WM) connectivity has remained largely unexplored in pediatric chronic pain. Using diffusion-weighted imaging, this study examined WM microstructure in adolescents (age M = 15.8 years, SD = 2.8 years) with chronic pain (n = 44) compared with healthy controls (n = 24). Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging modeling was applied, and voxel-based whole-white-matter analyses were used to obtain an overview of potential alterations in youth with chronic pain and tract-specific profile analyses to evaluate microstructural profiles of tracts of interest more closely. Our main findings are that (1) youth with chronic pain showed widespread elevated orientation dispersion compared with controls in several tracts, indicative of less coherence; (2) signs of neurite density tract-profile alterations were observed in several tracts of interest, with mainly higher density levels in patients; and (3) several WM microstructural alterations were associated with pain catastrophizing in the patient group. Implicated tracts include both those connecting cortical and limbic structures (uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, anterior thalamic radiation), which were associated with pain catastrophizing, as well as sensorimotor tracts (corticospinal tract). By identifying alterations in the biologically informative WM microstructural metrics orientation dispersion and neurite density, our findings provide important and novel mechanistic insights for understanding the pathophysiology underlying chronic pain. Taken together, the data support alterations in fiber organization as a meaningful characteristic, contributing process to the chronic pain state.

Changes in serum bone turnover markers and bone mineral density Z-score in children with osteogenesis imperfecta after zoledronic acid treatment.

The study aimed to investigate the changes in the levels of serum bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score in pediatric patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) after intravenous bisphosphonate therapy and their association with age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This retrospective study analyzed data from 10 pediatric OI patients treated with intravenous zoledronic acid for over 1 year. Patients' clinical data were collected. The levels of BTMs and BMD Z-score before and after zoledronic acid treatment were analyzed. Significant improvement in BMD Z-score was observed after 6 and 12 months of treatment compared to baseline (all p < 0.05). The N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) levels decreased over time (all p < 0.05), indicating that zoledronic acid treatment decreased bone turnover. The levels of beta-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen remained stable after treatment. No correlation was found between PINP level and age, eGFR, or BMD (all p > 0.05). Bisphosphonate treatment can improve BMD and decrease bone turnover (indicated by decreased levels of PINP) in pediatric OI patients. PINP may serve as an independent indicator for monitoring the efficacy of bisphosphonate treatment in pediatric OI patients, particularly in those under the age of 6, where standardized BMD Z-score criteria are lacking.

Reproduction of fissure corrosion and mechanism for fissure formation on ductile cast iron

On some cast iron pipes corroded under tensile stress, corrosion with a characteristic surface appearance, known as “fissure corrosion,” was occasionally observed. Because fissure corrosion on ductile cast iron pipes has been rarely studied, the detailed conditions and mechanism for fissure formation are still elusive. In this study, the levels of tensile stress and anodic current density causing fissure corrosion on ductile cast iron were investigated through laboratory experiments to reproduce fissure corrosion and elucidate its mechanism. Fissure corrosion was reproduced at bending tensile stresses ≥200 MPa. The depth difference between the peak and valley of fissures increased with increasing anodic current density, and the fissure corrosion was attributed to the difference between the anodic current densities of the peak and valley due to plastic deformation by stress concentration. Fissure corrosion was likely to be suppressed by reducing the anodic current flowing out of ductile cast iron surface.

Quantyfing the impact of the water security index on socio-economic development in EU27

The issue of environmental security in the context of sustainable development is a highly topical one, being intensively studied by specialists both in terms of its impact on biodiversity and on the protection of non-renewable resources, and in terms of its economic and social impact. The authors aim to quantify the impact of water security on economic and social development based on a new structural equation model and identify changes in the latent variable Water Security Index. (WSI), economic development (ED) and social development (SD) dynamics over the period 2000–2022 for the 27 EU Member States. The methodology is based on the use of structural equation systems and the use of the Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test to identify the influences of water security measures on economic and social indicators and to assess regional disparities of environmental policy development in relation to economic and social development. The research results will highlight the level of homogeneity of regional water security clusters in Europe and the influence of this approach on economic and social disparities. The results of the study highlight the significant correlation between population density, pollution levels and the costs associated with maintaining water quality. The study shows that high population density and high pollution levels disproportionately increase the financial burden of water quality management. In addition, the analysis highlights the social ramifications of neglecting the sustainability of water sources, particularly in regions experiencing low economic growth. In such scenarios, the negative social impact intensifies, highlighting the importance of sustainable practices. The results allow the formulation of the following public policies: Standardization of the national water quality management framework in line with the European framework; Establishment of organizations to monitor the safety of water sources and the health of the local population; Continuation of innovations in the field of water environment protection; Promotion of social responsibility towards the aquatic environment; Continuation of the process of improving water management governance. The results are useful for economic, environmental and social policy makers to optimise European sustainable development strategies.

Advancing Lip Augmentation: State-of-the-Art 2D and 3D Analysis for Assessing Volume Enhancement and Lip Line Redefinition

Over the preceding five decades, there has been a noticeable surge in the pursuit of achieving voluminous and well-defined lips. This trend has prompted an escalating number of individuals to undergo lip augmentation procedures, aiming for a natural three-dimensional enhancement of lip volume and distinct vermilion borders. Despite the proliferation of lip augmentation techniques, there remains a dearth of comprehensive investigations into their precise effects on the three-dimensional structural integrity of the lips. This research endeavors to address this gap by employing stereophotogrammetry as a quantitative tool to scrutinize lip augmentation outcomes and to appraise the efficacy of lip plumpers. The study methodology involves a comparative analysis of lip dimensions among subjects treated with a commercial lip plumper using multi-spectral imaging for lip dimension assessment, coupled with markerless tracking technology and 3D interpolating surface methodology to analyze lip volume and shape. Additionally, the study evaluated lip youth state, including moisture level, softness, firmness, and tissue density. The demand for lip augmentation procedures is driven by perceived advantages such as quick recovery and minimal risk. Therefore, it is crucial to substantiate their efficacy with robust findings. The investigation suggests that both 3D and 2D stereophotogrammetry techniques are reliable for evaluating lip size before and after augmentation, whether through cosmetic or aesthetic approaches. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of a lip treatment aimed at enhancing volume and redesigning lip lines. It demonstrates that stereophotogrammetry is effective for assessing 3D lip dimensions and their correlation with internal lip structure. This research could be particularly valuable for evaluating the efficacy and duration of various lip enhancement techniques, including dermal fillers, implants, and topical cosmetic formulations, offering quantitative and reproducible assessments over time.

The influence of trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor gene on androgen-related traits and diseases.

Trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor have been proposed to influence testosterone signaling in men, but the clinical relevance of these trinucleotide repeats remains controversial. To examine how androgen receptor trinucleotide repeat lengths affect androgen-related traits and disease risks and whether they influence the clinical importance of circulating testosterone levels. We quantified CAG and GGC repeat lengths in the androgen receptor (AR) gene of European-ancestry male participants in UK Biobank from whole-genome and whole-exome sequence data using ExpansionHunter, and tested associations with androgen-related traits and diseases. We also examined whether the associations between testosterone levels and these outcomes were affected by adjustment for the repeat lengths. We successfully quantified the repeat lengths from whole-genome and/or whole-exome sequence data in 181,217 males. Both repeat lengths were shown to be positively associated with circulating total testosterone level and bone mineral density, whereas CAG repeat length was negatively associated with male-pattern baldness, but their effects were relatively small and were not associated with most of the other outcomes. Circulating total testosterone level was associated with various outcomes, but this relationship was not affected by adjustment for the repeat lengths. In this large-scale study, we found that longer CAG and GGC repeats in the AR gene influence androgen resistance, elevate circulating testosterone level via a feedback loop and play a role in some androgen-targeted tissues. Generally, however, circulating testosterone level is a more important determinant of androgen action in males than repeat lengths.

A framework for constraining ocean mixing rates and overturning circulation from age tracers

Abstract The age of seawater refers to the amount of the time that has elapsed since that water encountered the surface. This age measures the ventilation rate of the ocean, and the spatial distribution of age can be influenced by multiple processes, such as the overturning circulation, ocean mixing, and air-sea exchange. In this work, we aim to gain new quantitative insights about how the ocean’s age tracer distribution reflects the strength of the meridional overturning circulation and diapycnal diffusivity. We propose an integral constraint that relates the age tracer flow across an isopycnal surface to the geometry of the surface. With the integral constraint, a relationship between the globally-averaged effective diapycnal diffusivity and the meridional overturning strength at an arbitrary density level can be inferred from the age tracer concentration near that level. The theory is tested in a set of idealized single-basin simulations. A key insight from this study is that the age difference between regions of upwelling and downwelling, rather than any single absolute age value, is the best indicator of overturning strength. The framework has also been adapted to estimate the strength of abyssal overturning circulation in the modern North Pacific, and we demonstrate that the age field provides an estimate of the circulation strength consistent with previous studies. This framework could potentially constrain ocean circulation and mixing rates from age-like realistic tracers (e.g., radiocarbon) in both past and present climates.

Abstract PO2-07-09: Early stage invasive lobular breast cancer is underestimated on conventional imaging including MRI

Abstract Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), representing 15% of all invasive breast cancers, is characterized by loss or dysfunction of the adhesion molecule E-cadherin. This leads to an infiltrative growth pattern that is unlikely to disrupt the normal architecture of breast tissue. As a result, ILC is often non-mass forming and imaging is limited in correctly diagnosing stage I-III ILC. Mammography is believed to underestimate ILC, while MRI tends to overestimate the extent of ILC. The aim of this retrospective study was to correlate radiological with pathological findings. Methods: All patients diagnosed with stage I-III pure (i.e. not mixed) ILC between January 2000 and December 2020 who underwent primary surgery in University Hospitals Leuven, were included. Data on patient characteristics, preoperative imaging and pathology were collected from the patient files. Imaging and pathology measurements were compared by use of Pearson correlation coefficient, Whitney U test or Chi-square test. Weighted kappa statistics were used to assess agreement. Since the techniques of mammography and ultrasound have evolved in the past 20 years, different time periods were considered in sub-analyses (2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, 2015-2020). Results: In total 1029 patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 61.0 years (range 32.0 – 95.0 years). The breast density score determined on mammogram was Bi-RADS type A for 52 (5.1%) patients, B for 238 (23.1%) patients, C for 235 (22.8%) patients and D for 141 (13.7%) patients. Density score was missing from the reports of the remaining patients (n=363, 35.3%). Contrast enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 709 (68.9%) patients. An increase in preoperative use of MRI was seen over the years. In comparison to tumor size reported by pathology, all imaging techniques underestimated the tumor size. The mean difference in largest tumor size compared to pathology was 14.64 ± 21.15 mm for mammography, 18.19 ± 21.66 mm for ultrasound and 9.93 ± 20.63 mm for MRI. A higher breast density level and a larger tumor size were significantly associated with a larger difference between diameter on pathology versus mammography (ρ=0.102, p-value 0.025 and ρ=0.530, p-value &amp;lt; 0.001 respectively). Changes over different time periods are shown in Table 1 for mammography and ultrasound. There was an agreement on unifocality versus multifocality between pathology and mammography for 81.2% of the patients. In 52.1% of the 236 cases where multifocality was reported on MRI, only 1 lesion was reported by the pathologist. Multifocality was seen on pathology in 12.0% of the 460 cases that were seen as unifocal lesions on MRI. Considering adenopathies, the false positive rate of ultrasound was 3.0%. However, the false negative rate was 68.3%. Conclusions: The local extent of ILC is underestimated by conventional imaging techniques. Unlike previous reports, our results suggest that tumor size of ILC is also underestimated by MRI. Ultrasound was inferior to mammography and MRI in estimating tumor size in our series. It was confirmed that MRI tends to overestimate the number of foci which might lead to unnecessary secondary ultrasounds and biopsies. The presurgical underestimation of lymph node involvement might increase the need of secondary surgeries. It is crucial to address these limitations in imaging of ILC and to prioritize the development of enhanced imaging techniques to improve diagnostic accuracy for these patients. Table 1: difference between imaging techniques and pathology by year of diagnosis Citation Format: Kaat Van Herck, Karen Van Baelen, Chantal Van Ongeval, Valerie Celis, Helen De Boodt, Machteld Keupers, Renate Prevos, Giuseppe Floris, Ines Nevelsteen, Ann Smeets, Thaïs Baert, Sileny Han, Hans Wildiers, Annouschka Laenen, Christine Desmedt, Patrick Neven. Early stage invasive lobular breast cancer is underestimated on conventional imaging including MRI [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-07-09.

Relation between renovation and space density of small-type house in a row house pattern

Small type houses answer the need for residential housing in sub-urban areas. The increasing price of land and the affordability of buyers has encouraged the production of small type residential houses to increase. Small type residential houses have a land area of ≥ 90 m2 and a building area of ≥ 36 m2. However, small type residential houses do not fully answer space needs. Small residential houses tend to undergo renovation to meet space needs. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. This research aims to formulate a pattern for renovating small residential houses using the case study of the Jasmine Cluster, Sawangan, Depok. This research is necessary considering that during the pandemic, homes are the safest areas for quarantine and as a means of self-isolation for those who are infected. The pandemic event has become a valuable lesson, especially for getting a healthy home. Efforts to fill the space in small type houses in the Jasmine Cluster are carried out by renovating the houses vertically and horizontally. The development was carried out because the existing space does not meet needs. Factors that influence the development of this residence are the number of family members and other rooms that are not provided by developers of small type residences. The density levels before and after renovation show significant changes, and become alternative solutions (quarantine and isolation) as a response to future pandemics.

14-3-3ε/YWHAE regulates the transcriptional expression of cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5

BackgroundCardiac voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit 5 (NaV1.5) encoded by SCN5A is associated with arrhythmia disorders. However, the molecular mechanism underlying NaV1.5 expression remains to be fully elucidated. Previous studies have reported that the 14-3-3 family acts as an adaptor involved in regulating kinetic characteristics of cardiac ion channels. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish 14-3-3ε/YWHAE, a member of the 14-3-3 family, as a crucial regulator of NaV1.5 and to explore the potential role of 14-3-3ε in the heart. MethodsWestern blotting, patch clamping, real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, RNA immunoprecipitation, electrocardiogram recording, echocardiography, and histologic analysis were performed. ResultsYWHAE overexpression significantly reduced the expression level of SCN5A mRNA and sodium current density, whereas YWHAE knockdown significantly increased SCN5A mRNA expression and sodium current density in HEK293/NaV1.5 and H9c2 cells. Similar results were observed in mice injected with adeno-associated virus serotype 9–mediated YWHAE knockdown. The effect of 14-3-3ε on NaV1.5 expression was abrogated by knockdown of TBX5, a transcription factor of NaV1.5. An interaction between 14-3-3ε protein and TBX5 mRNA was identified, and YWHAE overexpression significantly decreased TBX5 mRNA stability without affecting SCN5A mRNA stability. In addition, mice subjected to adeno-associated virus serotype 9–mediated YWHAE knockdown exhibited shorter R-R intervals and higher prevalence of premature ventricular contractions. ConclusionOur data unveil a novel regulatory mechanism of NaV1.5 by 14-3-3ε and highlight the significance of 14-3-3ε in transcriptional regulation of NaV1.5 expression and cardiac arrhythmias.