Leukocyte Parameters Research Articles

Determining Hematological Reference Intervals of the Blood Count in a Healthy Moroccan Adult Population (Al Hoceima Province).

The hemogram is the most frequently prescribed laboratory test. It guides the complementary tests essential to the diagnosis and follow-up of the patient. Hematology reference values can be influenced by several parameters such as environmental and genetic factors, rendering it essential to define reference intervals (RIs) for specific populations. This study aimed to determine RIs from a population of healthy adults in Al Hoceima province by following the procedures recommended by the IFCC-CLSI guidelines in 2008 and comparing them to those of similar studies conducted in various countries. We initially recruited 977 healthy adults from 18 to 60 years old including 255 men and 722 women, who presented themselves at the provincial hospital center of Al Hoceima (Morocco) for health checkups from February 2019 to September 2019. The erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet parameters were investigated using hematology analyzer ABX Pentra XL80 HORIBA® (HORIBA ABX SAS, Kyoto, Japan). The results showed that the RIs of the blood count parameters searched were more or less close to the RIs determined in Caucasian populations. Nevertheless, they were low compared to the limits of the RIs published in the literature for certain erythrocyte and platelet parameters. Our RIs were also similar in their majority, except for some parameters, to the RIs published very recently in a study conducted on a Moroccan population in the Tangier-Tetouan region. In addition, our intervals differ in their majority from those published in a study of a Ghanaian population. The differences reported by this preliminary work reinforce the need to establish hemogram RIs specific to the Moroccan population through more extensive studies carried out in different regions of Morocco. These studies should avoid misdiagnosis and allow physicians to interpret hematological tests more specifically.

Hematological parameters and early-onset coronary artery disease: a retrospective case-control study based on 3366 participants.

Thrombosis and inflammation are crucial elements in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Hematological parameters elucidate information involving the inflammatory and blood coagulation processes. The current study explored the association of hematological parameters with EOCAD to identify specific risk factors. A single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted with 1693 coronary artery disease patients and 1693 controls. Hematological parameters were examined through an automated analyzer. The basophil percentage was significantly reduced in EOCAD (0.43 ± 0.26, p < 0.001) and MI (0.33 ± 0.24, p < 0.001) groups compared with controls (0.54 ± 0.28). The eosinophil percentage was also significantly lower in EOCAD (2.21 ± 1.71, p < 0.001) and MI (1.71 ± 2.44, p < 0.001) groups compared with controls (2.41 ± 1.75). The lymphocyte percentage in patients of EOCAD and MI and controls was 31.65 ± 7.93, 25.48 ± 9.43, and 34.82 ± 7.28, respectively. A significant difference was observed among the groups (p < 0.001). Except for the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), other red blood cell (RBC) parameters significantly differed between EOCAD patients and controls. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW), hematocrit (HCT), RBC count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and hemoglobin level were associated with EOCAD prevalence after adjusting for baseline differences. Platelet volume distribution width (PDW) also correlated with EOCAD prevalence (ORadjust = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.044-1.131). Hematological parameters are closely associated with EOCAD. Moreover, leukocyte parameters correlated with the presence and severity of the disease. In addition, erythrocyte parameters were associated with the disease presence but not with the disease severity. Among the platelet parameters, only PDW was related to the disease presence.

Characterization of blood biomarkers in prospective follow-up of patients with cardiovascular pathology in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus after COVID-19 associated pneumonia.

The study of the characteristics and dynamics of laboratory biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent COVID-19-associated pneumonia is of great clinical importance for preventing the risk of adverse events. IN the study we used data from 65 patients in the present work. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included patients with CVD: arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with coronary artery disease (CAD) without DM2 (n=45), group 2 included patients with CVD and DM2 (n=20). Patients were examined at baseline in the infectious disease hospital and 3 months after discharge. During laboratory examination of blood biosamples we evaluated parameters of general blood test; biochemical and immunologicai parameters; elastic properties of the vascular wall. The analyzed leukocyte parameters and their index coefficients - increase in NLR ratio (neutrophils/lymphocytes) and decrease in LYM/CRP ratio (lymphocytes/CRP) were more significantly changed in DM2 group. Patients in both groups had a significant excess of baseline max CRP concentrations with decrease in parameters after 3 months, but with persistent excess values in group 2. Three months after discharge patients with DM2 had levels of hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNFa and NT-proBNP, that exceeded both the reference values and those in group 1, which reflected the presence of more pronounced vascular inflammatory potential for possible adverse events in this group of patients in post-COVID period. The method of multiple regression showed that DM2 is an independent risk factor for increased stiffness of the vascular wall. Thus, dynamic control of laboratory parameters has prognostic value in assessing the nature of the course of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in patients with CVD and DM2 developing an algorithm for personalized monitoring of patients in the post-COVID period with the aim of timely prevention of unwanted vascular complications.

Evaluation of erythrocyte arginase activity, plasma nitric oxide concentration and oxidative stress status in cattle with anaplasmosis

Bovine anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne disease characterized by high fever, anaemia and sometimes jaundice. The role of oxidative stress in anaplasmosis has been investigated, but erythrocyte arginase (ARG) activity has not been studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in haematological parameters, erythrocyte ARG activity, plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels and oxidative stress parameters and explain the relationship between each other in cattle with anaplasmosis. The material of this study consisted of 14 cattle, aged 10–12 months with anaplasmosis (infected group) and 14 healthy cattle aged 10–12 months (control group). Our data revealed that leukocyte parameters and plasma NO levels and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were higher while erythrocyte parameters, erythrocyte ARG activity and serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione (GSH) levels were lower in the infected group compared to the control group. There was a strong correlation between erythrocyte ARG activity and NO, MDA, TOS, OSI, TAS and GSH. ROC analysis and correlation results suggest that erythrocyte ARG activity is an effective oxidative stress marker. We concluded that severe oxidative stress occurs in anaplasmosis. As the severity of anaemia increases, erythrocyte ARG activity plummets while plasma NO level elevates. These two parameters may also be used as prognostic and oxidative stress markers. Although decreased erythrocyte ARG activity is a disadvantage in haemolytic diseases, this situation can be compensated by increased NO. Thus, homeostasis of these two parameters may contribute to the elimination of the infection.

Monocyte distribution width as a pragmatic screen for SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection

Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a novel marker of monocyte activation, which is known to occur in the immune response to viral pathogens. Our objective was to determine the performance of MDW and other leukocyte parameters as screening tests for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection. This was a prospective cohort analysis of adult patients who underwent complete blood count (CBC) and SARS-CoV-2 or influenza testing in an Emergency Department (ED) between January 2020 and July 2021. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection. Secondary outcomes were measures of severity of illness including inpatient hospitalization, critical care admission, hospital lengths of stay and mortality. Descriptive statistics and test performance measures were evaluated for monocyte percentage, MDW, white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). 3,425 ED patient visits were included. SARS-CoV-2 testing was performed during 1,922 visits with a positivity rate of 5.4%; influenza testing was performed during 2,090 with a positivity rate of 2.3%. MDW was elevated in patients with SARS-Cov-2 (median 23.0U; IQR 20.5–25.1) or influenza (median 24.1U; IQR 22.0–26.9) infection, as compared to those without (18.9U; IQR 17.4–20.7 and 19.1U; 17.4–21, respectively, P < 0.001). Monocyte percentage, WBC and NLR values were within normal range in patients testing positive for either virus. MDW identified SARS-CoV-2 and influenza positive patients with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.79–0.86) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.77–0.88), respectively. At the accepted cut-off value of 20U for MDW, sensitivities were 83.7% (95% CI 76.5–90.8%) for SARS-CoV-2 and 89.6% (95% CI 80.9–98.2%) for influenza, compared to sensitivities below 45% for monocyte percentage, WBC and NLR. MDW negative predictive values were 98.6% (95% CI 98.0–99.3%) and 99.6% (95% CI 99.3–100.0%) respectively for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Monocyte Distribution Width (MDW), available as part of a routine complete blood count (CBC) with differential, may be a useful indicator of SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection.

NK cells are associated with immunometabolic response to a single exercise exertion in heart failure patients

Abstract Background Increased systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are observed in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). On the other hand, cardiorespiratory exercise testing (CPET) exerts a physical challenge and initiates the activation of the immune system, including acute release of natural killer (NK) cells into the circulation, and several metabolic pathways. Aim To characterize the inflammatory and metabolic alterations of HFrEF patients in response to an acute exercise challenge, and after 2 hours of recovery. Methods Participants with HFrEF (n=16), age and sex matched controls (CON, n=13) were investigated at baseline, immediately after and 2 hours after CPET. Clinical and physiological parameters, leukocyte profile, plasma cytokines and metabolites were assessed along with inflammatory and metabolic parameters at all three time points. NK cell counts and morphological/activation parameters in different contexts were examined. Further, the time-dependent coordination of NK cell numbers post-exercise with tryptophan metabolism and plasma triglycerides were assessed. NK cells were isolated from blood of healthy donors for ex vivo proof-of-principle experiments, including phenotype polarization and NK cell specific tryptophan metabolism. Results Cardiovascular risk profiles as well as leukocyte, cytokine and metabolic parameters at baseline were similar in CON and HFrEF. Immediately after CPET, lactate, and NK T cell blood counts were significantly increased in both groups. In HFrEF but not CON, platelet aggregates with NK cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and “classical” CD14++CD16-monocytes, phosphatidylcholines and triglycerides were increased. After 2h of recovery, almost all altered parameters returned to baseline in CON. In contrast, blood counts and morphological markers of inflammatory effector cell types, including CD8+ T cells and neutrophils remained elevated in HFrEF. NK cells remained elevated after the recovery period and correlated with levels of various triglyceride species in the HFrEF patients. Tryptophan levels in plasma were reduced by acute exercise and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio was increased and correlated with increase in NK and NK-T cell counts, as well as IL-12 plasma levels. Treatment with IL-12 led to increased synthesis of kynurenine from tryptophan, expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and abundance of regulatory CD56bri NK cell phenotypes ex vivo. Secretome of untreated NK cells impaired cellular respiration, increased glycolysis/oxidation ratio in skeletal muscle cells, and increased the release of triglycerides from hepatocarcinoma cells. Conclusion CPET induced a complex acute immunometabolic response, whose restitution to baseline levels differed between HFrEF and healthy controls. Exercise-induced changes in NK cell metabolism and phenotype shift might modulate cellular respiration in myocytes and release of triglycerides by hepatocytes in HFrEF and in CON. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)

Negative correlation of Modified Sperm Stress Test with Leukocyte in Sperm but not with the sperm concentration and motility

Background: Sperm analysis is an initial detection procedure of male infertility recommended by the WHO. Sperm motility as one of the important parameters in sperm analysis has a close correlation with various determinants of male infertility and the success of Assissted Reproductive Technology (ART). Several laboratory assays were carried out as a complement to sperm analysis to describe the sperm ability for fertilization. One of the assays was the modified sperm stress test (MOST) to predict oocyte fertilization in In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF).Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between MOST ratio and sperm parameters in infertile men.Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytic study by taking sperm analysis and MOST data from 864 males with infertility problems who went to an infertility clinic, Sadewa IVF, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from May 2015 to November 2020.Results: The mean sperm volume and concentration of the 864 patients were 3.04 mL and 35.74 x 106 / mL respectively. The mean forward motility and normal morphology were 47.93% and 2.07% respectively. The mean leukocyte cell number was 0.84%, and the mean MOST ratio was 0.51. The results showed a positive correlation between sperm concentration (r = 0.235) and motility (r = 0.302) with the MOST ratio. Meanwhile, the leukocyte parameter negatively correlated with the MOST ratio (r = -0.076) and no correlation between other sperm parameters to the MOST ratio.Conclusion:There is a positive correlation between sperm concentration and motility with the MOST ratio, and a negative correlation between the number of leukocytes and the MOST ratio. This result supports the findings of previous studies regarding the importance of sperm motility examination in the success of ART. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the MOST in male infertility patients with the big sample size.

Effect of vitamin C supplementation on some leukocyte parameters in American mink (Neovison vison) with abnormal granulogenesis

Sapphire mink, a mutant colour variant of American mink, is an animal model of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS). As in CHS, there are enlarged cytoplasmic granules in various cell types including leukocytes in Sapphire mink due to abnormal granulogenesis. Such cellular abnormality leads to a weakening of the immune defence as a consequence to the development of infections. A study with Sapphire mink and Standard mink was conducted to evaluate the immunostimulant effect of vitamin C (VC) supplementation (100 mg/day) on some leukocyte parameters. In the end of the 20-day treatment period, blood samples were collected to determine hematological (total and differential leukocyte counts, red blood cells (RBC) counts, and haemoglobin level) and cytochemical (activity and staining area of myeloperoxidase, eosinophilc peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase) parameters. The study showed that total leukocyte counts, segmented neutrophil counts, and monocyte counts were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Sapphire mink from the VC-supplemented group than in those receiving the control diet. These results indicate that VC supplementation may have a positive effect on immunity in Sapphire mink. Another interesting finding is an increase in the number of neutrophils with enlarged granules and lysosomal enzyme-positive area in VC-supplemented mink as compared with those fed the control diet. These observations suggest that VC supplementation can affect the lysosomal apparatus of leukocytes.

Long-term impact of COVID-19 infection on semen quality of the COVID-19 survivors

Background. Several studies have shown the short-term effects of COVID-19 on semen quality, but not as many for the long-term effects. This follow-up study aims to explore the long-term effects of COVID-19 on male fertility by comparing semen parameters of patients recovering from COVID-19 infection. Methods. Fourteen subjects aged &gt;18 years old who had a history of resolved COVID-19 infection with previous evidence of laboratory-confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal PCR swab result, and had a previous history of infertility after COVID-19 infection based on the evidence of the semen analysis within 6 months or longer were recruited in this study. Analysis of the semen parameter of all fourteen subjects was performed, including semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, total, progressive, non-progressive, and immotile motility percentage, morphology percentage, leukocyte, erythrocyte, and immature sperm cells parameters. The semen analysis obtained from this current semen analysis was compared with individual baseline semen analysis results, which were obtained in the resolution phase of COVID-19 infection, 6 months or longer from the current semen analysis. Results. Mean pH decreased significantly in follow-up semen analysis, with baseline vs. follow-up 7.9 vs 7.4 (p=0.002; 95%CI=0.3-0.67).

Effect of 3d-metal gluconates on leukocyte parameters of endogenous intoxication

Background. The development of endogenous intoxication in the treatment of oncological pathology with cytostatic drugs complicates targeted therapy, so the search for correctors of these conditions is an actual task. Previously, we have shown in vivo the corrective effect of 3d-metal gluconates on the humoral link of immunity with the administration of the widely used cytostatic cyclophosphamide. It is of interest to evaluate the effect of 3d-metal gluconates on changes in leukocyte parameters of endogenous intoxication affected by cyclophosphamide.&#x0D; Aim. Evaluation of the effect of 3d-metal gluconates (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) on the degree of endogenous intoxication in mice against the background of the cytostatic effect of cyclophosphamide.&#x0D; Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on white laboratory male mice weighing 2528 g, divided into 9 groups [1 intact animals, 2 administration of cyclophosphamide without treatment, 3 administration of cyclophosphamide and a comparison drug with an immunostimulating effect, 4 administration of cyclophosphamide and the comparison drug calcium gluconate, groups 59 administration of cyclophosphamide and gluconates of 3d-metals (MnGl, FeGl, CoGl , CuGl and ZnGl, respectively)], 12 individuals each, kept in the vivarium conditions on a standard diet. Endogenous intoxication was induced by a single injection of cyclophosphamide. 3d-metal gluconates (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) and comparison drugs (glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide in the form of Likopid, and calcium gluconate) were used to correct changes in the immune system. The administration of the drugs was started 24 hours after the administration of the cytostatic and then daily orally during 21 days. Blood sampling was performed on the 22nd day. The assessment of the degree of endogenous intoxication was carried out by determining the leukocyte indices: stress activity index, leukocyte intoxication index, nuclear index of the degree of endotoxicosis, and leukocyte shift index. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Statistica 10.0 program. To calculate the significance of differences between groups, the nonparametric MannWhitney test was used. Changes were considered significant at p 0.05.&#x0D; Results. After the administration of cyclophosphamide in animals, a significant change in the leukocyte formula, which indicates an acute intoxication of the body, was observed: there was a decrease in the content of monocytes (3 times), segmented neutrophils (1.5 times), an increase in stab neutrophils (2 times), lymphocytes (1.1 times). The intake of 3d-metal gluconates led to the correction of leukocyte indices, the degree of which statistically significantly exceeded the degree of correction by the comparison drugs Licopid and Calcium gluconate (p 0.05), and for Zn (II) gluconate it was from 45 to 84%, for Mn (II) gluconate from 44 to 100%.&#x0D; Conclusion. Gluconates of 3d-metals reduce the degree of endogenous intoxication caused by cyclophosphamide, increase the reactivity of phagocytes and the regeneration rate of the leukocyte link. In terms of efficiency, 3d-metal gluconates can be arranged in the following order (according to metals): Mn ˃Zn ˃Cu ˃Co ˃Fe.

Evaluation of the Status of Infectious Diseases in Military Personnel Who Visit Clinics Due to Tick Bite

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate and present the findings obtained from medical diagnosis and follow-up of military personnel admitted to the relevant units due to tick bites. Method: All volunteer patients with complaints of tick bites between 2012 and 2013 were included in this study, and this paper was designed as a single-centre observational study. Results: The ticks attach to the body of 12 (15%) of 79 patients were removed by the medical personnel. The bites were observed to be in the head and neck (8.8%), torso (17.7%), upper extremity (24%), lower extremity (45.5%) and genital area (3.8%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the change in vital symptoms of patients and the presence of ticks in their physical examination, as well as between the change in vital findings and the location of bite site (p&amp;gt;0,05). In addition, there was no statistically significant relationship between the change in leukocyte, AST, ALT, LDH, PTZ and other biochemical parameters and the presence of ticks in the examination, as well as a change in biochemical parameters and the bite site (p&amp;gt;0.05). None of the 79 patients progressed the disease; no patients died, and all of them recovered and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: : Tick bite monitoring is recommended. However, because of the good prognosis of the military personnel who applied with it, military operations and trainings may not be interrupted.

Comparison of Laboratory Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections Based on Leukocyte and Bacterial Parameters Using Standardized Microscopic and Flow Cytometry Methods

Background Rapid and reliable tests are essential for the diagnostic laboratory confirmation of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Until now, UTI has been confirmed by the microbiology culture of urine, requiring at least 48-hour turnaround time (TAT), with a standardized microscopic method being widely favored. Automated urine flow cytometry, however, has recently been used to improve the rapid TAT by analyzing the urine sediment. This study therefore aimed to compare the diagnostic value of the Shih-Yung conventional microscopic and urine flow cytometry methods in the detection of leukocyte and bacterial parameters of patients with UTIs in an outpatient clinic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 100 patients. Seventy urine samples were positive for leukocytes and nitrite chemistry, and 30 were negative for both. The measurements of urine leukocytes and bacteria were compared between Sysmex UF-5000 urine flow cytometry and the Shih-Yung method. The diagnostic value was obtained from ROC analysis of urine flow cytometry and the culture. Results A leukocyte cutoff value of 87.2/μL had a sensitivity and specificity of 98.33% and 95%, respectively, and 98.33% sensitivity and 75% specificity at a bacterial cutoff of 582.22/μL. Interestingly, our study identified strong and consistent agreement of leukocyte and bacterial parameters between urine flow cytometry and Shih-Yung (k = 0.959, p < 0.001 and k = 0.939, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, through analyzing the dominance angle of the scattergram, a strong agreement was obtained with the culture result (k = 0.880, p < 0.001). Conclusions The Shih-Yung method showed consistent agreement with urine flow cytometry for the detection of leukocytes and bacteria. The use of certain cutoffs for bacterial and leukocyte parameters in urine flow cytometry demonstrated very good performance in detecting acquired symptomatic UTIs.

Unique and ancestral features in trunk kidney microanatomy and ultrastructure of omul Coregonus migratorius.

This study presents novel data on the microanatomy and ultrastructure of the omul Coregonus migratorius trunk kidney. Adult individuals of C. migratorius were sampled in the Barguzin Bay of Lake Baikal. Active leuko- and erythropoiesis were found in the interstitium of the mesonephros. For the first time, cells with radially arranged vesicles have been described in the renal interstitium of C. migratorius. The quantitative characteristics of blood cells and ultrastructural parameters of leukocytes reflected the functioning of the non-specific defence system in the organism. The share of the renal interstitium, morphological diversity of the epithelial cells of the nephron tubules, the ultrastructural features of the renal corpuscles and nephron tubules and the number of mitochondria in leukocytes and ion-transporting cells were typical for representatives of the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus complex and thus considered ancestral features of the present-day C. migratorius population reflecting its adaptive potential to living in an ultra-deep Lake Baikal.

The Fluctuation Trend of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence in the Non-COVID-19 Infected Population and Correlation with Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Parameters in Beijing, China, 2021: A Real-World Study.

Since 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has caused more than 300 million cases of disease and 5 million deaths. Vaccination has been widely accepted as the most effective measure for the prevention and control of this disease. However, there is little understanding about serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG levels after inactivated vaccination as well as the relationship with peripheral blood leukocytes in the non-COVID-19 infected population. A total of 16,335 male and 22,302 female participants were recruited in this study, which was conducted in the Peking University Third Hospital located in Beijing (China). The level and seroprevalence of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgM/IgG and the association with peripheral blood leukocytes classification were investigated. With an increase in the number and percentage of full immunization of COVID-19 vaccinations in Beijing, serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and seroprevalence were significantly elevated (p < 0.01). The serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of 60 years and older persons were significantly lower than that of individuals that are 18~60 years old (p < 0.01), and there was a positive relationship between serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte count. The investigation of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies and the peripheral hematological index may prompt and help understand the adaptive immune response of vaccination.

Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells

De novo reference intervals (RIs) for a total of thirty two hematological and serum biochemical attributes were established for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in Himalayan aquaculture system. For this purpose, long term assessment of hemato-biochemical parameters was carried over a period of one year from March 2019 to February 2020 and a total of 444 blood samples were analysed. Blood examination results were recorded systematically and reference intervals were established, notably for erythrocyte parameters: hematocrit (Hct) 29–40%, hemoglobin 8.32–12.28 g/dL, red blood cell (RBC) count 1.01–2.04 (×106/mm3); leukocyte parameters (x 103/mm3): total leukocytes 31.32–90.60, neutrophils 4.21–18.85, total lymphocytes 20.55–63.63, small lymphocytes 14.86–46.50, large lymphocytes 6.35–22.34 and monocytes 1.22–7.56; thrombocyte count 23.00–68.00 (×106/mm3). RIs were also established for red blood cell indices, vital serum constituents involved in carbohydrate, protein, lipid and nitrogen metabolism including the less known, diagnostically important, serum enzymes and electrolyte concentrations. Principal component analysis revealed that certain serum components were more efficient at distinguishing between the life stages (juvenile, adult) of fish by explaining about 92.7% of variation in the whole dataset compared to the principal hematological components which explained only about 80% of the variation. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were noted for RBC count, total leukocyte count (TLC), total protein, total cholesterol and uric acid with respect to the sex of fish. Moreover, clearly differentiable morphometric and morphological attributes were also noticed among erythrocytes, leukocytes (lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes) and thrombocytes. To our knowledge, the present study is the first of its kind that elucidates blood chemistry of cultured rainbow trout, O. mykiss in accordance to the guidelines framed by the American society of veterinary clinical pathologists (ASVCP). RIs reported here can help monitor the fish health status by improving the use of non-lethal diagnostics in piscine medicine.

Влияние свинцовой интоксикации на показатели крови у больных с пылевым бронхитом и бронхиальной астмой

Th e aim of the research. To study the eff ects of lead intoxication on blood parameters in battery factory workers with dust bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Material and methods. Th e study was conducted on battery factory workers (45 subjects) aged 30 to 60 years who came into contact with lead and on healthy volunteers (15 subjects). Blood parameters were evaluated in hematological analyser XT-2000i using a unique technology of fl uorescent fl ow cytometry. Results. Employees of the battery plant develop occupational diseases: dust bronchitis and bronchial asthma. In all studied groups of patients, laboratory blood parameters changed compared with the control group: anemia, leukocytosis, haemoglobinopathy, a change in the qualitative characteristics of the leukocyte formula, an increase in the percentage of micro and macrophages were observed. Activation of intravascular coagulation is characteristic to all groups of patients, which indicates a tendency to DIC syndrome. Comparative characteristics of blood parameters revealed deeper changes in BA patients who were exposed to lead in their professional activities. It has been established that the technique of fl ow cytometry for determining functional blood parameters is informative and can be used to characterise the condition of persons with occupational diseases based on lead intoxication. Conclusion. For the fi rst time, it has been revealed that the total number of platelets increases with the growth of their size in battery factory workers, which indicates a trend toward DIC syndrome. For the fi rst time, a decrease has been fi rst found in the concentration of haemoglobin, the number of red blood cells, an increase in the total number of leukocytes due to lymphocytes with a decrease in neutrophils and eosinophils in patients with dust bronchitis. Th ere is a correlation between the amount of haemoglobin and the number of leukocytes. It has been found for the fi rst time that employees of a battery factory suff ering from bronchial asthma have an increase in the amount of haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leucocytosis due to lymphocytes, but the linear associations between leukocyte parameters are very weak. Based upon this, we recommend repeating medical examination with shorter intervals in between. Th e timing of periodic inspections depends on the nature of production and types of work with lead and its compounds. When applying for a job, such contraindications as blood diseases and diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems should be a principal factor.

Type of Cell Separator, Fenwal Amicus Vs COBE Spectra LRS, May Influence the Corpuscular Elements Value of the Donor`s Blood (SN-ICFC Procedure)

Background: During the plateletpheresis procedure the number of thrombocytes in the donor’s blood significantly decreases, and the levels of the hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocyte diminish as well. Influence of the cell separator is one of the factors that affects the levels of HCT, Hgb and WBC. Objective: In this study, the goal was to determine the value difference of HCT, Hgb, WBC, and platelets after the platelet pheresis process between performance on Fenwal AMICUS and on COBE Spectra LRS Methods: The criteria for participation: male in the age range of 25-45. We have formed two groups: group I–180 separation were performed on 60 participants were the values of hematocrits, concentration of hemoglobin and number of leukocytes ware established before and after separation using the single-needle intermitent flow cell separation (SN-IFCS) on the Fenwal AMICUS device. Group II – presented 180 separation that were performed on 60 participants, were the values of hematocrits, concentration of hemoglobin and number of leukocytes ware established before and after separation using double-needle continuous flow cell separation (SN-IFCS) on the COBE Spectra LRS. device. To confirm the statistical differences we have used Student t-test for independent or dependent samples, as well as Mann-Whitney U test as non-parametric alternative. To compare differences between the values of four parameters (P1-P2) from two groups (using two devices–Fenwal AMICUS and Fresenius Com Tec) we have performed the ANOVA variance analyze. The possibility of errors were accepted for α&lt;0,05, and the difference between groups as statistical relevant were accepted for p&lt;0,05. Results Statistically significant lower values were noted for all researched parameters after separation on both devices (Fenwal AMICUS and COBE Spectra LRS). Comparing the parameters of hematocrit, leukocytes and hemoglobin’s, we found a statistical significant difference in the decrease of the parameter’s value after separation, there was a significant decrease change in using COBE Spectra LRS cell separator compared to using Fenwal AMICUS cell separator with the same procedure. For the platelets (Plt) there was no statistical significant difference (p&gt; 0,05-α=0,05), between average level obtained using either Fenwal AMICUS or COBE Spectra LRS. Conclusion: The type of cell separator had the influence on the decrease value of the observed parameters.

The Impact of Rope Jump Exercise Training on Hemolytic Anemia Parameters in Obese Adolescent Boys

Background: One of the theories about hemolytic anemia concerns foot-strike on the ground. Rope jump exercise training (RJET) is performed with high foot-strike repetitions on the ground. Objectives: This paper aimed to study the possible effect of RJET on hematological parameters involved in hemolysis. Methods: Twenty obese adolescent boys with a mean age of 13.40 ± 1.09 years were allocated into two equal groups of control and RJET (n = 10 each). The RJET group performed simple rope jumping for eight weeks (three days a week). Blood samples were collected before and after the protocol. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for data analysis. Results: Our findings showed no significant inter-group differences for erythrocyte, platelet, and leukocyte parameters. However, given the effect of time, a significant reduction was observed in monocyte count in the RJET group. In contrast, eosinophil count significantly increased after RJET. Conclusions: According to the results, foot striking induced by RJET had no adverse effect on hemolytic anemia in obese adolescent boys.

Evaluation of medullary cytokine expression and clinical and laboratory aspects in severe human visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health problem. The factors that can determine whether VL develops and progresses to severe form have not been fully identified, but a specific cellular immune response appears to play a key role. Therefore, understanding immunopathogenesis can be useful in preventing a serious clinical outcome. Bone marrow samples were collected from patients with severe VL (SVL) or non-severe VL (NSVL). Cytokine levels and parasitic load were analysed by RT-qPCR. There is a statistically significant difference in the leukocyte parameter in patients with SVL and NSVL compared with the control patients (p=.006 and p=.014, respectively). Urea, alanine transaminase and albumin parameters had a significant difference p=.036, p=.039 and p=.017, respectively, between SVL and NSVL. Although high levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α were present in all groups of individuals with VL, they were not statistically associated with severity. In patients with active VL, IFN-γ and IL-10 were associated, respectively, with a reduction and increase in the parasite load, strong and significant positive association between IFN-γ and IL-10 (rho=.627 and p=.003). This study demonstrates that VL stimulates an non-dichotomized inflammatory response between Th1/Th2 and that bone marrow is an important tissue for immune regulation.

Haematological and radiological-based prognostic markers of COVID-19

BackgroundAcute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in 2019 and caused a global pandemic in 2020, manifesting in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The majority of patients exhibit a mild form of the disease with no major complications; however, moderate to severe and fatal cases are of public health concerns. Predicting the potential prognosis of COVID-19 could assist healthcare workers in managing cases and controlling the pandemic in an effective way. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to search for biomarkers associated with COVID-19 mortality and predictors of the overall survival (OS). MethodsHere, clinical data of 6026 adult COVID-19 patients admitted to two large centers in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh and Hafar Al-Batin cities) between April and June 2020 were retrospectively analysed. ResultsMore than 23% of the study subjects with available data have died, enabling the prediction of mortality in our cohort. Markers that were significantly associated with mortality in this study were older age, increased d-dimer in the blood, higher counts of WBCs, higher percentage of neutrophil, and a higher chest X-ray (CXR) score. The CXR scores were also positively associated with age, d-dimer, WBC count, and percentage of neutrophil. This supports the utility of CXR scores in the absence of blood testing. Predicting mortality based on Ct values of RT-PCR was not successful, necessitating a more quantitative RT-PCR to determine virus quantity in samples. Our work has also identified age, d-dimer concentration, leukocyte parameters and CXR score to be prognostic markers of the OS of COVID-19 patients. ConclusionOverall, this retrospective study on hospitalised cohort of COVID-19 patients presents that age, haematological, and radiological data at the time of diagnosis are of value and could be used to guide better clinical management of COVID-19 patients.