Lethality In Patients Research Articles

Fungal coinfection/superinfection in COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Mexico

Data on the prevalence of fungal coinfections/superinfections in patients with COVID-19 are limited. To describe the prevalence of fungal coinfections/superinfections in patients with COVID-19, as well as risk factors and demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics. We included patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and a confirmed fungal infection hospitalized in the ICU from March 2020 to December 2021. We collected data on age, sex, comorbidities, hospital length of stay (days), laboratory (ferritin) and microbiological results, treatment for COVID-19, antifungal therapy, and outcomes obtained from the clinical records. Only 11 out of 740 patients met the inclusion criteria. The coinfection rate was 0.3% and the superinfection was 1.2%. The most affected population was male adults. The coinfections/superinfections diagnosed were candiduria and candidemia, caused by Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus (C. kefyr). In addition, tracheobronchitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus was found. The most used antifungals were fluconazole and caspofungin. The lethality in patients with fungal coinfections was 50% and superinfections, 22%. The length of hospital stay was 11-65 days. Eight patients required mechanical ventilation and six received corticosteroids. The main comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (81.8%). The rate of fungal coinfections/superinfections in COVID-19 patients was low, but the lethality found urges for routine fungal screening in patients with severe COVID-19 to timely detect fungal infections that may further compromise the patient’s life.

Epidemiology of mature T/NK-cell lymphomas in Germany - A representative cross-sectional study based on SHI claims data.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are rare skin tumors of lymphoproliferative neoplasms and belong to the heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PCL encompass a broad spectrum of clinical and histologic manifestations, with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) being the most common (73%). Due to the rarity of the diseases, population-based studies of care and epidemiology are limited. Based on anonymized, age- and sex-adjusted SHI (statutory health insurance) claims data of approximately five million SHI-insured patients, a retrospective analysis was conducted over a six-year period (2012-2017) to determine the prevalence, incidence, and lethality in patients with mature-cell T/NK-cell lymphoma in Germany. A total of 1,336 patients with T-cell lymphoma were identified during the observation period. The six-year prevalence ranged from 27.35 to 43.58 per 100,000. Patients were 65% male with a mean age of 66 years (SD 15). There were 246 patients (approx. 20%) who died within the 6years, up to 7% per year. The calculated incidence in 153 identified patients in 2017 is 3.65 to 3.92 per 100,000. For the first time, valid epidemiologic findings of patients with mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas were obtained using SHI claims data in Germany. Further analyses are needed to gain a deeper insight into the healthcare reality of patients with this rare disease.

Systemic coagulopathy promotes host lethality in a new Drosophila tumor model.

Malignant tumors trigger a complex network of inflammatory and wound repair responses, prompting Dvorak's characterization of tumors as "wounds that never heal."1 Some of these responses lead to profound defects in blood clotting, such as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), which correlate with poor prognoses.2,3,4 Here, we demonstrate that a new tumor model in Drosophila provokes phenotypes that resemble coagulopathies observed in patients. Fly ovarian tumors overproduce multiple secreted components of the clotting cascade and trigger hypercoagulation of fly blood (hemolymph). Hypercoagulation occurs shortly after tumor induction and is transient; it is followed by a hypocoagulative state that is defective in wound healing. Cellular clotting regulators accumulate on the tumor over time and are depleted from the body, suggesting that hypocoagulation is caused by exhaustion of host clotting components. We show that rescuing coagulopathy by depleting a tumor-produced clotting factor improves survival of tumor-bearing flies, despite the fact that flies have an open (non-vascular) circulatory system. As clinical studies suggest that lethality in patients with high serum levels of clotting components can be independent of thrombotic events,5,6 our work establishes a platform for identifying alternative mechanisms by which tumor-driven coagulopathy triggers early mortality. Moreover, it opens up exploration of other conserved mechanisms of host responses to chronic wounds.

Drug Repurposing for Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor-Cell-Generated Immunosuppression in Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review of Potential Candidates.

The lethality of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) remains high. Current treatment strategies often do not lead to the desired outcome due to the development of therapy resistance, resulting in high relapse rates. Additionally, clinical trials testing immunotherapy against OC have failed to reach significant results to date. The OC tumor microenvironment and specifically myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are known to generate immunosuppression and inhibit the anti-tumor immune response following immunotherapy treatment. Our review aims to characterize potential candidate treatments to target MDSC in OC through drug-repurposing. A literature search identified repurposable compounds with evidence of their suppressing the effect of MDSC. A total of seventeen compounds were withheld, of which four were considered the most promising. Lurbinectedin, metformin, celecoxib, and 5-azacytidine have reported preclinical effects on MDSC and clinical evidence in OC. They have all been approved for a different indication, characterizing them as the most promising candidates for repurposing to treat patients with OC.

Prognosis of the clinical course of portal hypertension complicated by the acute variceal bleeding

Annotation. Variceal bleeding is one of the most dangerous complications of liver cirrhosis, which is associated with relatively high lethality. At the same time, the bleeding can trigger some other complications of liver cirrhosis that further worsen the prognosis for these patients. These factors determine the necessity not only for the diagnosis of variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis but also for the prognosis of possible recurrent bleeding and lethality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of predicting survival or lethality in patients with variceal bleeding. This study is based on the results of the investigation and treatment of 121 patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by variceal bleeding. To determine the prognostic value of the clinical course, the analysis of various markers of complete blood count, biochemical blood and coagulation markers, Child-Turcotte-Pugh and MELD criteria was performed. The ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was applied for the evaluation and comparison of various markers. Additionally, the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative prognostic value (NPV), positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) likelihood ratio were used. The J-index (index Youden) was applied for the comparison of border values. Predicting the clinical course allows for identifying patients with a possible unfavorable prognosis who require intensive therapy, as well as those with minimal risk of fatal outcome. According to the study results, the International normalized ratio (sensitivity – 95%, specificity – 97%), potassium blood level (sensitivity – 95.2%, specificity – 89%), and MELD score (sensitivity – 95.2%, specificity – 86%) are the markers, which had the highest prognostic value for the unfavorable clinical course. Whereas the sodium blood level (sensitivity – 96%, specificity – 100%) was the best marker of favorable clinical course. Other analyzed indicators had limited prognostic significance. Thus, although the number of bleedings in the anamnesis increases the risk of a fatal outcome, it has limited importance for prognostics of a favorable or unfavorable course of variceal bleeding. The sodium blood level is the best marker for the prediction of a favorable clinical course. International normalized ratio, potassium blood level, and MELD score are the markers of an unfavorable clinical course.

Vaccination and mortality from COVID-19: a comparative study between hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and non-dialysis adult population in Panama

PurposeDialysis patients have a different response than the non-dialysis population to infection with COVID-19. This study evaluates the prevalence of infection and lethality in patients receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in Panama, compared to non-dialysis adult population, and reports of adverse events of vaccination.MethodsThis is a prospective, multi-center cohort study of spatients aged 18 years or older and receiving in-center hemodialysis or ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in 13 centers in Panama from March 2021 to 2022. For comparison with general population, the study used an extended period of two years.ResultsA total of 1531 patients receiving dialysis treatment accepted to participate. PD patients represented an 18% of study patients. Lethality was higher in peritoneal dialysis patients with COVID-19 infection than in hemodialysis in the study group (p 0.02). Total deaths in dialysis patients for 2020 were 156 patients, before vaccination; 79 in 2021; and 25 for the first trimester of 2022. Lethality for the period of 2020–2022 was 9.3% for dialysis patients and 0.2% for non-dialysis population. There was no difference in symptoms in first dose, but with second dose, hemodialysis patients reported fewer symptoms than peritoneal dialysis patients (p < 0.0001).ConclusionNinety one percent of people in the country received BNT162b2 Pfizer BionTech vaccine. Lethality decreased from 30 to 5% once vaccination was available. There were no severe adverse effects and symptoms reported were less frequent than in general population, probably due to low reactogenicity in dialysis patients, or better tolerance to pain.

37P Synthetic tumour-infiltrating interleukin (IL)-12 for targeted and tolerable immunotherapy reduces metastasis in pancreatic cancer

Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a root cause of lethality in patients. The metastasis is promoted by abundant proteases in the PDAC microenvironment. Synthetic immuno-oncology opens new avenues towards overcoming limitations of standard immunotherapy agents, previously unsuccessful in PDAC. Anti-tumour cytokines such as IL-12 poorly infiltrate the stroma of solid tumours and trigger toxicity. Here, by exploiting the abundant proteases in PDACs, a targeted and tolerable masked Collagen-Binding Domain CBD-Il12 (mCBD-Il12) was produced by fusing the mask to the p35 subunit of Il-12 through a cleavable linker.

The impact of systemic changes on quality of care providing in acute myocardial infarction in Ukraine

For the past 5 years, the system of providing medical care to patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has radically changed in Ukraine. The accession of our country to the European initiative "Stent for Life" contributed to the creation of the national reperfusion network. It ensured the wide availability of medical care for patients with AMI due to the fastest delivery of patients to clinics that provide a 24-hour emergency coronary artery stenting. Nowadays in Ukraine, 42 reperfusion centers are successfully operating 24/7/365 care delivery and more than 50% of patients with AMI undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Almost 70% of patients are delivered to clinics within the first 6 hours after the onset of AMI symptoms, which corresponds to the obligatory “therapeutic window” for emergency PCI. The average number of primary PCI performed in AMI increased by 4 times in 2018 compared to 2012, reaching 286 procedures per 1 million population. The structure of reperfusion therapy has qualitatively changed in 2016. The total number of reperfusion procedures increased due to a decrease of thrombolytic therapy cases and an increase in the frequency of using the most effective method – primary coronary stenting in patients with STEMI. Systemic changes in the structure of medical care providing to patients with AMI contributed to a decrease in hospital lethality in patients with AMI - from 14,1% in 2012 to 13,81% in 2019.

Brazilian Public Health System: history and profile of heart failure care and the impacts of COVID-19

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the general and specific context of hospitalizations for Heart Failure (HF) in the Unified Health System and its main care indicators and economic aspects in the period before and during COVID-19. Methods: The economic indicators were evaluated between January 2011 and June 2022, comparing these indicators before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using data from the DataSUS Health Information of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. The number of hospitalizations, length of stay, lethality and hospitalization costs were evaluated. The ARIMA method and the general regression model were used to analyze monthly results before and during COVID-19. Results: Hospitalization for HF has decreased in the last 11 years, with the most significant drop in the COVID-19 pandemic. After the pandemic, there was an increase in lethality in patients hospitalized for HF and also an increase in length of stay, despite the decrease in hospitalizations. When analyzing the economic aspects, more than US$ 725 million were spent. The average ticket showed a clear drop in per capita investment, with a real devaluation of 30.46% in the period from 2011 to 2022, which can be related to two main hypotheses: increased effectiveness and effectiveness of the analysis of service costs and/ or chronic underfunding of the Brazilian Public Health System. Conclusion: HF has its lethality worsened over time, especially in the COVID-19 period, also associated with a significant expense with the SUS and a tendency to decrease the allocation of resources.

The LRINEC Score-An Indicator for the Course and Prognosis of Necrotizing Fasciitis?

Background: The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score (LRINEC) is a simple tool used to support early diagnosis of Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the LRINEC is suitable as a progression and prognosis parameter in patients with NF. Methods: In this retrospective study, laboratory data of 70 patients with NF were analyzed. The LRINEC was calculated for every patient at the time of hospital admission and postoperatively after surgical interventions. Furthermore, the LRINEC was examined as a prognostic factor for survival. Results: The overall lethality of our series was 20 out of 70 (28.6%). A highly significant LRINEC decrease was found for serial debridements. The largest decrease was observed after the first debridement. There was a significant difference between the initial LRINEC of deceased and surviving patients. A cut off value of >6.5 (7 LRINEC points) resulted in an optimal constellation of sensitivity (70%) and specificity (60%) to predict lethality in patients with NF. Conclusions: The LRINEC significantly decreases after surgical debridement. An initial LRINEC equal or greater than seven is an independent prognostic marker for lethality and can help to identify high-risk patients.

THE USE OF ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS AND THE OUTCOMES OF COVID-19

The study included 1124 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, who were divided into 2 groups: those who received antifungal agents (main); not receiving them (control). Within the groups, 2 subgroups were distinguished depending on the outcome of treatment: survivors and deceased. According to our results, triazoles (56.6%) and polyenes (46.6%) were used most frequently for the treatment of concomitant fungal diseases. A great influence on the lethality of patients with COVID-19 was exerted by the elderly age of the patient and the presence of complications in the form of respiratory failure, regardless of the use of antifungal agents.

Inequity in inequity: Disproportional mortality risk in patients with cancer with COVID-19 in Brazil - a call to action

Inequity in inequity: Disproportional mortality risk in patients with cancer with COVID-19 in Brazil - a call to action

PARP Inhibitors as Monotherapy in Daily Practice for Advanced Prostate Cancers.

Despite recent improvements in survival, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPCs) remain lethal. Alterations in genes involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway are associated with poor prognosis. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have demonstrated anti-tumoral effects by synthetic lethality in patients with mCRPCs harboring HRR gene alterations, in particular BRCA2. While both olaparib and rucaparib have obtained government approvals for use, the selection of eligible patients as well as the prescription of these treatments within the clinical urology community are challenging. This review proposes a brief review of the rationale and outcomes of PARPi treatment, then a pragmatic vision of PARPi use in terms of prescription and the selection of patients based on molecular screening, which can involve potential genetic counseling in the case of associated germinal alterations.

Порушення натрієвого балансу у хворих з ураженням гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної ділянки при черепно-мозковій травмі

Актуальність. Черепно-мозкова травма (ЧМТ) до цього часу залишається провідною причиною смерті людей працездатного віку. В Україні частота ЧМТ щорічно становить у різних регіонах від 2,3 до 6 випадків (у середньому 4–4,2) на 1000 населення. Пацієнти з первинним ураженням головного мозку і гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної системи становлять групу ризику з розвитку набряку головного мозку через виникнення у них порушення водно-електролітної рівноваги та відповідно порушення рівноваги осмолярності між клітинним та позаклітинним простором. Порушення водно-електролітного балансу як наслідок ураження гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної системи при ЧМТ в літературі висвітлено недостатньо. Мало вивчені особливості функціонування центральних та периферичних ланцюжків ендокринної системи залежно від локалізації, характеру і тяжкості травми. Недостатньо вивчене питання про діагностичні та прогностичні цінності різних показників волемічного статусу у хворих із ЧМТ. Мета: вивчити види дизнатріємії у хворих з ізольованою ЧМТ і ураженням гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної ділянки головного мозку; вияснити вплив виду порушення натрієвого балансу на летальність у хворих із ЧМТ та ураженням гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної ділянки головного мозку. Матеріали та методи. Нами було обстежено 74 пацієнтів (чоловіків/жінок = 60/14) із вогнищевим забоєм головного мозку й ураженням гіпоталамічної ділянки. Серед 74 хворих з ізольованою ЧМТ і ураженням гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної ділянки головного мозку в 47 хворих було діагностовано гіповолемію, що поєднувалась з гіпонатріємією. У 15 хворих було виявлено гіпернатріємію з гіперволемією. Моніторинг внутрішньочерепного тиску здійснювали за допомогою поліфункціонального монітора (Monitor Model BSM-3562 (Nihon Konden Corporation, Японія, 2018)) із лінією для інвазивного вимірювання тиску. Постійне неінвазивне вимірювання оксигенації тканин органів (rSO2) проводили на моніторі Somanetics Invos Oximeter Cerebral/Somatik (Covidien, Mansfield, MA, США, 2020). В усіх хворих визначали рівень електролітів плазми крові. Висновки. У хворих із ЧМТ і ураженням гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної системи виникають різнонаправлені зміни водно-натрієвого балансу, що вимагають диференційованого підходу до їх лікування. Зважаючи на невелику кількість спостережень, ми не наважуємося пов’язувати вид дизнатріємії у хворих із ЧМТ і ураженням гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної ділянки головного мозку з летальністю. Вважаємо за доцільне продовжувати дослідження в цьому напрямку.

Factors associated with COVID-19 lethality in a hospital in the Cajamarca region in Peru.

To identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to lethality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Simón Bolívar Hospital in Cajamarca, during June-August 2020. This was a retrospective cohort, that used information collected from clinical records and official epidemiological surveillance systems (NOTIWEB, SISCOVID and SINADEF), on hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Information was collected on sociodemographic and clinical factors, considering discharge (death/survival) and days of hospitalization as outcomes. The in-hospital fatality rate was 39.6%, and significant differences were found between hospitalization time and status at discharge in people over 60 years of age (p<0.001). Age older than 60 years (HR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.76-4.68),) unattended ICU bed request (HR: 3.49; 95% CI: 2.02-6.05), oxygen saturation less than 80% at admission (HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.35-5.53) and the use of ivermectin (HR: 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.68) were factors associated with lethality. The chosen ML model considered that the most important variables were oxygen saturation, age over 60 years, time of hospitalization and time of the onset of symptoms. The factors that could increase lethality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were age, oxygen saturation less than 80%, use of ivermectin as part of hospital treatment and unattended request for ICU beds. Future studies with better representativeness could confirm these possible relationships at the regional or national level.

30- and 90-day Lethality in Patients with Stage IV Lung Cancer Depending on the Primary Therapy

Early lethality after initiation of therapy in patients with stage IV lung cancer has rarely been the focus of scientific studies yet. The little time remaining between diagnosis, start of therapy and onset of death, as well as any influencing factors, are of special interest for both, patients and physician. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to analyze the 30- and 90-day morbidity after initiation of systemic therapy and to determine possible factors influencing early lethality. For this purpose, the data of 225 patients with stage IV lung cancer and treatment at the Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau Lung Cancer Center between 01/01/2017 and 05/18/2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Forms of therapy and patient characteristics were analyzed with a frequency distribution and the probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The analysis of the early morbidity of all tumor-specifically treated patients showed a morbidity of 8.5 % at day 30 after the start of therapy and a rate of 23.5 % after 90 days. In a direct comparison of the different therapy groups, the patients receiving mono-checkpointinhibition had higher lethality (16.6 % after 30 days and 44.3 % after 90 days). In contrast, the morbidity of patients in the other therapy groups remained below 10 % after 30 days and below 23.3 % after 90 days. A poor general condition, an advanced tumor disease, polymetastasis and a positive history of smoking could be determined as predictors for higher early lethality. In contrast, there was no relevant difference in morbidity between the different tumor entities, gender, PD-L1 and mutation status. With this analysis, very high early lethality, comparable to other studies, could be detected in patients with lung cancer. Relevant differences between the forms of therapy illustrate the importance of individual patient selection for the respective therapy options and the rapid decision to initiate therapy.

Statistical dynamism of the city clinical hospital in the city of Vladimir in the provision of emergency first aid in the period from 2007 to 2016

This article examines «City Clinical Emergency Hospital» of the city of Vladimir efficiency statistical dynamics. The main idea is in understanding that the quality of surgical patients care directly dependents on the time limit. Evaluation of the effectiveness of emergency medical care by Vladimir CCH ES allows seeing the demand from the population. The author’s attention is paid to the selective study in dynamics for 10 years, which indicates that the mortality of patients admitted to surgical departments in the first day from the onset of the disease, and patients admitted later than 24 hours increased in comparison with previous years. It is obvious that the level of lethality of patients with acute surgical pathology is influenced by the time of admission to the hospitals which largely determine the prognosis and outcome of diseases.

Unimed Recife's experience in treating 1,039 patients with Covid-19

ObjectiveTo describe the features related to patients with Covid-19 admitted to Unimed Recife hospitals, Recife, Brazil, evaluating demographic data, lethality, use of a mechanical ventilator, presence of associated diseases, the need to use the ICU, among other aspects related to the prognosis of these patients.MethodData were collected from the DRG Brazil health management platform, including the period from March 16, 2020, when the first patient with Covid-19 was admitted to the Hospital da Unimed III, until January 31, 2021. All patients admitted to one of the three hospitals of Unimed Recife - Hospital Unimed Recife I, Hospital Unimed Recife III, and Hospital Geral Unimed Recife – were included in the study. In the same period, we evaluated the number of patients with Covid-19 or suspected Covid-19 who were seen in the emergency room at Hospital Unimed Recife III.ResultsOne hundred twenty-six thousand five hundred fifty-three patients were seen in the Emergency Unit of Hospital Unimed Recife III in the period between March 26, 2020, and January 31, 2021; of those 126,553 patients seen in the emergency 39,340 (31.09%) patients were diagnosed with having Covid-19 or suspected of Covid-19. In the 10-month period, 1,039 patients with Covid-19 were hospitalized, 61% with hypertension, 31.1% with SARS, 30.0% with diabetes, and 9.9% were obese. The average hospital stay was 11.2 days. 342/1,039 (32.9%) patients were admitted to the ICU, and 57.9% of them had mechanical ventilation. The overall lethality was 13.76% (143 deaths/1,039 inpatients). An increase in lethality by Covid-19 was associated with increased age. Lethality in the first period of the Covid-19 pandemic was significantly higher when compared to the last 5 months of the pandemic(17.6% versus 9.7%). Obesity significantly increased lethality in patients with Covid-19 [120 deaths/1,016 non-obese patients (11.8%) versus 23 deaths/103 obese patients (22.3%), OR 2.15 (1.30 - 3.50), p = 0.005)].ConclusionWe conclude that Covid-19 is a disease with a poor prognosis, especially in the elderly and obese patients. In the second 5-month period of the Covid-19 pandemic, we noticed a significant reduction in lethality by Covid-19 in hospitalized patients. Covid-19 is a new disease and the mechanism by which the viruses multiply or how the pathophysiological process occurs in the infected organism are still barely understood.

Analytical indicators of observation.The year-by-year lethality of patients at each year

Year-by-year lethality – the lethality of patients with malignant tumors in each year of observation - an indicator that determines the risk of death of patients, depending on the localization of tumors.&#x0D; Lethality of patients in the first year of follow-up includes posthumously registered patients with malignant tumors, and is the inverse criterion to the indicator of one-year observed survival. In subsequent years, the calculation of year-by-year lethality is carried out without posthumously registered patients. It is important to note that the calculation of partial mortality rates is carried out only for the number of patients who died from malignant tumors. It is necessary to exclude patients who have dropped out of observation at each year of observation. Calculation of the year-by-year lethality indicator is possible only if there are at least 100 primary registered patients.&#x0D; In February 2019, we created the database of the Population cancer registry. The North-Western Federal district (NWFD)of the Russian Federation, which includes more than 1 million patients (1211891 patients with posthumously registered patients and 1071112 cases without posthumously registered patients). Only reliable data was selected for development, the number of which was almost 10% less. In 2020, the database of the Population cancer registry of the NWFD of the Russian Federation increased by 73054 cases. We used the updated database in this study. The observation period is from 1994 to 2020. The year-by-year lethality study was conducted in total for all ICD-10 categories for the C00-96 neoplasm class.&#x0D; DB analysis showed that in the NWFD of the Russian Federation, the proportion of posthumously registered patients decreased from 1995 to 2018 (both sexes) from 21.1 to 8.1%.&#x0D; For 1995 – 1999, 2000 – 2004, the year-by-year lethality was calculated for 10 years of observation, the period 2005-2009 covered the year-by-year lethality for 7 years of observation, 2005-2009 for 5 years. We have considered the specifics of year-by-year lethality separately for men and women, for people from 0-34, 35-59, 60 years and older.&#x0D; We pay special attention to year-by-year lethality for patients with localized (stage I and II of the disease) and widespread process (stage III and IV, including patients without the specified stage of the disease, which, as a rule, by the level of survival belong to stage III and IV of the disease).

Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients under Cytotoxic Cancer Chemotherapy in Brazil.

Simple SummaryCancer patients present a distinct vulnerability to COVID-19. It is unclear if chemotherapy per se increases the overall risk in this population. In our study, we analyzed retrospective COVID-19 data linked to oncological information systems to evaluate outcomes in COVID-19 cancer patients under chemotherapy. We identified 681 patients with a past history of chemotherapy. Patients in active chemotherapy did not have an increased mortality compared to non-active chemotherapy COVID-19 cases. We identified the use of topoisomerase II inhibitors and alkylating agents as protective factors, while palliative intent of treatment and hematological neoplasms were risk factors.Background: Cancer patients present a distinct vulnerability to COVID-19. It is unclear if chemotherapy could accentuate the overall risk in these patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis linking COVID-19 data and oncological information systems to compare lethality in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy before COVID-19. We considered patients who received chemotherapy in the last 30 days as in “active treatment”, and patients who did not receive drugs in this period as “non-active treatment” for propensity-score pair matching. We also tested the influence of baseline variables in our results in a multivariate model. Results: 66.1% (162/246) of patients in matched active chemotherapy died vs. 70.2% (172/246) in the matched non-active chemotherapy group. The risk of death was positively associated with palliative intent of treatment and hematologic neoplasms. Being in active chemotherapy was not associated with increased mortality compared to non-active treatment. We also noted in exploratory propensity-score matchings that the use of alkylating agents (odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.70) and topoisomerase II inhibitors (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14–0.56) were protective factors. Conclusions: This study does not demonstrate an increase in mortality for cancer patients under active cytotoxic chemotherapy with COVID-19.