Lessons For Theory Research Articles

Exceptionally large fluctuations in orientational order: The lessons of large-deviation theory for liquid crystalline systems.

How condensed-matter simulations depend on the number of molecules being simulated (N) is sometimes itself a valuable piece of information. Liquid crystals provide a case in point. Light scattering and 2d-IR experiments on isotropic-phase samples display increasingly large orientational fluctuations ("pseudo-nematic domains") as the samples approach their nematic phase. The growing length scale of those locally ordered domains is readily seen in simulation as an ever-slower convergence of the distribution of orientational order parameters with N. But the rare-event character and exceptionally slow time scales of the largest fluctuations make them difficult to sample accurately. We show in this paper how taking a large-deviation-theory perspective enables us to leverage simulation-derived information more effectively. A key insight of the theory is that finding quantities such as orientational order parameters (extensive variables) is completely equivalent to deducing the conjugate (intensive) thermodynamic field required to equilibrate that amount of order-and that knowing the relationship between the two (the "equation of state") can easily be turned into knowing the relative free energy of that degree of order. A variety of well-known thermodynamic integration strategies are already founded on this idea, but instead of applying an artificially imposed external field, we use a priori statistical mechanical insights into the small and large-field limits to construct a simulation-guided, interpolated, equation of state. The free energies that result mostly need information from the most probable configurations, making the simulation process far more efficient than waiting for (or artificially generating) large fluctuations.

Lessons for Theory from Scientific Domains Where Evidence is Sparse or Indirect.

In many scientific fields, sparseness and indirectness of empirical evidence pose fundamental challenges to theory development. Theories of the evolution of human cognition provide a guiding example, where the targets of study are evolutionary processes that occurred in the ancestors of present-day humans. In many cases, the evidence is both very sparse and very indirect (e.g., archaeological findings regarding anatomical changes that might be related to the evolution of language capabilities); in other cases, the evidence is less sparse but still very indirect (e.g., data on cultural transmission in groups of contemporary humans and non-human primates). From examples of theoretical and empirical work in this domain, we distill five virtuous practices that scientists could aim to satisfy when evidence is sparse or indirect: (i) making assumptions explicit, (ii) making alternative theories explicit, (iii) pursuing computational and formal modelling, (iv) seeking external consistency with theories of related phenomena, and (v) triangulating across different forms and sources of evidence. Thus, rather than inhibiting theory development, sparseness or indirectness of evidence can catalyze it. To the extent that there are continua of sparseness and indirectness that vary across domains and that the principles identified here always apply to some degree, the solutions and advantages proposed here may generalise to other scientific domains.

Efforts to Increase Teacher Creativity in Motivating Student Learning

In increase quality education, must there is continuity performance and quality improvement. Continuous quality improvement serves as a measure for resolve problem education quality low which depend on approach conventional. this writing study about deep teacher creativity motivating study participant educate . Teacher creativity in motivating Participant educate is also part from Behavior Educational Organization , which is behavior a teacher gives influence good for development participant he taught . Study is a marked process with exists change in self somebody good knowledge , understanding , attitudes and behavior he did nor his skills . Participant students really need motivation and encouragement in study , encouragement from in nor from outside . If participant educate have motivation strong study , then _ Theory lesson will light and easy as well as the learning process Becomes fun . Teacher creativity is one _ pusher motivation learn . Creative teacher could develop ability of new ideas and ways new in teach . Teacher creativity can be in the form of creativity in classroom management and the use of learning media. Ways to generate motivation that teachers can do include giving numbers, prizes, competition, ego involvement, tests, knowing results, praise, punishment, desire to learn, interest, and recognized goals.

Firm Heterogeneity and India’s Manufacturing Exports: Lessons on Protection and Trade Theory

ABSTRACT Empirical examinations of heterogeneity among Indian manufacturing firms provide helpful lessons for trade theories and policies. Using descriptive statistics of cross-section data for 2011, 2015, and 2019, the asymptotic Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, and regression analysis, the study reveals that firms are heterogeneous within each 4-digit National Industrial Classification (NIC) category, exporting firms are more productive than non-exporters, and exporter premia decline with trading activities. The study concludes that recent protectionist policies reduced extensive trade margins, firm heterogeneity, and productivity in the Indian manufacturing sector.

The devolution of federal reserve monetary policy strategy, 2012–24

AbstractThe Federal Open Market Committee's 2012 Statement on Longer‐Run Goals and Monetary Policy Strategy interprets the Federal Reserve's dual mandate in light of the natural rate hypothesis and the New Keynesian “divine coincidence.” It sets a quantitative objective for inflation but not unemployment and acknowledges that the goals of price stability and maximum employment are generally complementary. The FOMC began deviating from these principles in December 2012, however, and the Committee's 2020 amended Strategy Statement appears to reflect, instead, the older view that the Phillips curve describes an exploitable trade‐off between inflation and unemployment. To bring its strategy back in line with the lessons of contemporary macroeconomic theory, the FOMC could simply abandon the 2020 amendments and return to its original 2012 framework. Alternatively, the Committee could eliminate the asymmetries and ambiguities that prevent its new strategy from having the desirable properties of a true price level targeting scheme.

Community perspectives on COVID-19 outbreak and public health: Inuit positive protective pathways and lessons for Indigenous public health theory

ObjectivesIndigenous public health theory and the voices of Canadian Indigenous communities remain under-represented in the literature despite the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Calls to Action, and the perspectives of Inuit are further under-represented in this literature. The goal of this paper is to explore the perspectives of Iqalungmiut (people of Iqaluit), frontline staff, and decision-makers on the management of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iqaluit in April to June 2021 and to identify lessons learned and contributions to public health policy and practice specific to Inuit populations in Canada.MethodsThis study used the Piliriqatigiinniq Community Health Research Model which was developed by Nunavummiut to guide community-based health and well-being research. Interviews were conducted with 44 individuals: 22 community members and shelter users; 17 frontline workers; and 5 decision-makers representing municipal and territorial government. Participants were asked about their experiences during the outbreak, sources of information, and strengths and challenges during outbreak management.ResultsChallenges included overcrowding, physical disconnection from family members, and mental health and trauma. Community-identified strengths included strong interagency cooperation, food hamper and COVID-19 care kit deliveries, and travel restrictions. Several Inuit positive health-protective pathways were identified including Ilaginniq; Silativut; Inuuqatigiittiarniq; Piliriqatigiinniq; Ikajurniq; and Pijitsirniq.ConclusionOutbreaks of infectious illness are not new to Nunavut communities and Inuit protective pathways have and continue to be critical avenues to adapt to and mitigate such challenges. This exploratory study provides clear direction for Inuit public health policy and practice in Canada, while contributing to the body of literature on Indigenous public health theory.

Experiential training course on spirituality for multidisciplinary palliative care teams in a hospital setting: a feasibility study

BackgroundThere is widespread agreement about the importance of spiritual training programs (STPs) for healthcare professionals caring for cancer patients, and that reflecting on one’s spirituality is the first step. Health professionals (HPs) working in hospitals must develop this dimension to guarantee the quality of life as well as spiritual and emotional support. In this paper, we propose a possible training format for hospital professionals and assess its implementation.MethodsThis is a phase 0-I study that follows the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. The program was implemented for hospital palliative care specialists. The program included one theory lesson, three spiritual interactions, four pieces of reflective writing, and two individual follow-up sessions for each participant. The evaluation was performed quantitatively according to the MRC framework and qualitatively according to Moore’s framework with data triangulation from interviews, reflective writings, and indicators.ResultsThe program was implemented for palliative care physicians, nurses, psychologists, and bioethicists according to the plan, and the program components were highly appreciated by the participants. The results suggest the feasibility of a training course with some corrections, regarding both the components of the training and organizational issues. The qualitative analysis confirmed a shift in the meaning of the themes we identified. The trainees went from intrapersonal spirituality to interpersonal spirituality (engagement with the other person’s spirituality, acknowledging their unique spiritual and cultural worldviews, beliefs, and practices), with colleagues, patients, and people close to them. The training had an impact on Moore’s Level 3b.ConclusionsSpiritual training for hospital professionals working in palliative care is feasible. Having time dedicated to spirituality and the ongoing mentorship of spiritual care professionals were suggested as key elements. The next step is increasing awareness of spirituality from our hospital reality and creating a stable competent group (with nurses, chaplains, nuns, counselors, etc.) with the support of the management.

Study Abroad Programming in Writing Centers in Colombia and the USA: Lessons in Translanguaging, Decolonial Theory, and Programming

As a product of both Universidad del Norte and Purdue University engaging in a partnership around shared academic interests, academic study exchanges, and multilingual education, this case study reports on a grant-funded student exchange that used a translanguaging approach to explore how aspects of English and Spanish have an influence on tutor education around writing centers. The first section of the paper describes in detail the exchange program and its background, including how the student research projects consciously emphasized the way this partnership could foreground practical approaches to translanguaging informed by decoloniality views. The second section acknowledges that our project emphasized pragmatic needs and institutional goals but should have better embedded guidance and lessons from decolonial theory. The third section of the paper includes the lessons that complement both decolonial theory and translanguaging pedagogy in study abroad contexts and the programming intricacies of an academic exchange conditioned by institutionality and local contexts. The last section is a brief conclusion about the exchange program, its ideological impact on both universities, and the need for future collaboration to foreground decolonial insight on planning and proposals for cross-institutional projects, especially in the context of mentoring writers at the intersection of nationality and cultivation of voice, agency and rhetoric.

Maps, Ontological Worlds and a Hybrid Modernity: Reading the Chinese Gazetteer Tukao of Tibet 1886

Abstract This paper explores difference within geographical writings in the transition to modernity in nineteenth century China. In some maps, the experiential realities of travelers were valued and expressed. More significantly, landscape maps sometimes pointed to a reality of absence rather than of presence. This contrasted with the arising modern commitment to triangulation, which deleted the phenomenological in favour of an omniscient ‘view from nowhere’. It is conventional to treat this transition as an expression of progress in which non-Western scholars started to undo a scientific deficit regarding precision and measurement with the use of new tools, or for postcolonial scholars to propose heroic resistance from native map makers. Against these interpretations, the minutiae in the 1886 Chinese gazetteer Tukao of Tibet do not simply show a progressive or coerced transition, but rather the expression of an inconsistent difference. Tukao reflects different survey methods, producing fundamentally incompatible ontological worlds. The paper shows that the Tukao does not legislate between different practices, and argues that the alterity in Tukao offers lessons for postcolonial theory and practice, avoiding both hegemony of modern science and relativism.

Windows into Beethoven’s Lessons in Bonn: Kirnberger’sDie wahren Grundsätze zum Gebrauch der Harmonie(1773) and Vogler’sGründe der Kuhrpfälzischen Tonschule in Beyspielen(1776/1778)

Beethoven’s lessons in Vienna with Haydn, Albrechtsberger, and Salieri are well known, but considerably less has been written about his earlier studies in Bonn. This article examines what Beethoven may have learned from two treatises that Gustav Nottebohm (Nottebohn 1873) connected to Beethoven’s Bonn manuscripts: Johann Philipp Kirnberger’sDie wahren Grundsätze zum Gebrauch der Harmonie(Kirnberger 1773) and Georg Joseph Vogler’sGründe der Kuhrpfälzischen Tonschule in Beyspielen(1776, revised in 1778). I corroborate the evidence that links these treatises to Beethoven, analyze and categorize their contents, and suggest some parallels between materials in these treatises and Beethoven’s Bonn works including his “Elector” piano sonatas (WoO 47; 1783) and his two unusual preludes for piano or organ (op. 39; 1789, published in 1803).From what we know of Beethoven’s studies in Vienna, several pillars of standard eighteenth-century musical education are missing: the study of solfeggio, thoroughbass, and harmony. This article makes the case that Beethoven encountered this training in Bonn. From Kirnberger’sGrundsätze, he would have learned about the fundamental bass, harmonic function and progression, and the principles of prolongation. In Vogler’s book, he would have encountered solfeggio exercises, common thoroughbass patterns including the Rule of the Octave, invertible sequences, diminution patterns, modulations schemes to every key, the fundamental bass, and more. Although these two treatises were not the only books Beethoven likely studied in Bonn, they offer probable windows into his formative lessons in music theory, improvisation, and composition.

Entrepreneurial leadership: Putting the “U” in team

Entrepreneurial firms, due to their size and limited resources, are at a significant disadvantage when it comes to attracting, hiring, and retaining top talent. These challenges place the firm’s survival and success in jeopardy, as they waste resources on talent management and operate amid talent shortfalls. Simply put, in the scale-up phase, managing talent could be the most important activity entrepreneurs pursue. While entrepreneurs cannot eliminate their strategic shortcomings (e.g., prestige, the ability to pay top salaries), they can take advantage of their unique strengths (e.g., a more intimate environment, job flexibility, and greater opportunities for growth, advancement, and leadership) to make themselves more competitive among candidates not necesarily destined for large corporations. In this article, drawing upon the lessons of best practice and theory, we make three recommendations for entrepreneurial hiring managers: (1) treat all prospective employees as transformative organizational members, (2) recognize and embrace the contributions of all, and (3) make new and established employees consistently feel valued. While these lessons allow all managers to display their organizational strengths, they provide the best return on investment for those with the greatest hiring challenges: entrepreneurs.

The Influence of Hard Skills K3, Soft Skills and Work Environment on the Behavior of Implementing K3 in Welding Practices of Mechanical Engineering Study Program Students in Vocational High Schools in North Sulawesi

Vocational High Schools (SMK) are educational institutions that prepare graduates to be ready to work, so that there are more practical lesson hours compared to theory lesson hours. With so many hours of practice, vocational school students are very vulnerable to work accidents. Preventive measures against work accidents, when students carry out work practices, must implement K3. The behavior of implementing K3 can be influenced by the K3 hard skills mastered by students, the soft skills possessed by students and the practical work environment. Through this research, we want to find out how much influence K3 hard skills, soft skills, and work environment have on students' behavior in implementing K3. The student population as respondents was 73 students taken from vocational schools that have a mechanical engineering study program, namely SMKN 2 Bitung, SMKN 2 Manado, SMK Garuda Bitung and SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu. By using a saturated sampling technique, the entire population was taken as a sample with a sample size of 73 students. The analysis technique in this research uses regression and correlation analysis techniques, and it is revealed that there is an influence between hard skills on the behavior of implementing K3 of 0.69 (69%), there is an influence between soft skills on the behavior of implementing K3 of 0.76 and there is an influence The relationship between work environment and behavior of implementing K3 is 0.85 (85%). With these findings, it is hoped that vocational schools will focus more on improving occupational safety and health (K3) learning materials so that students have optimal K3 hard skills. Providing lessons or other activities that can develop students' soft skills and improve the comfort of the welding work practice environment must be taken into account, such as noise levels, ventilation, lighting, room cleanliness and preparing complete personal protective equipment (PPE).

Odesa - Paris - Lima: the complex route of the architect Malachowski

The article considers introduces the life and creative work of Ryszard (Ricardo) Malachowski - an architect who was born and grew up in Kherson region, and later became an outstanding Peruvian architect of the 20th century and gained fame on the American continent, practically defining the face of the most modern and richest city at that time South America - Lima. His work led to a significant transformation of the Peruvian capital, paving the way for the development of the modern metropolis for decades to come. The creative, scientific and life path of the architect was extremely interesting and fruitful, and his legacy includes several hundred projects, most of which have a very significant architectural and urban planning value and have been declared monuments of the cultural heritage of Peru. Malachowski is also no less famous as an artist, the founder of the Peruvian architectural school, the author of the treatise "Lessons of Elements and Theory of Architecture" and the founder of a great dynasty, which even today largely shapes the architectural landscape of the Peruvian capital. Despite his extremely great achievements, Ricardo Malachowski is still unknown in his homeland. In order to supplement the biographical data, the materials of the State Archives of Odesa region of Ukraine, which is the place of birth and primary education of the architect, and the family archive of the Malachowskies were analyzed, which made it possible to discover and systematize the data of the pre-emigration period of the architect's life and to correct inaccuracies assumed by previous biographers.

An integrated laboratory work to improve students' practical skills and attitudes toward biochemistry in the biochemistry course.

This research reports on implementing the integrated laboratory work to achieve effective learning in the biochemistry course. The integrated laboratory work includes three stages: pre-laboratory, lab work, and post-laboratory. In other words, the three stages include planning, implementing, and evaluating investigation activities in the laboratory. The research design used was a posttest control group design consisting of a control and an experimental group. There were 67 students as respondents, who were divided into control (N = 33) and experimental (N = 34) groups. Practical skills were measured using an assessment rubric with the involvement of the observer. The categories of practical skills measured were procedural skills, observation skills, interpretation skills, and reporting skills. Attitude toward biochemistry was measured using a questionnaire with five Likert scales. The indicators of attitudes toward biochemistry used were liking for a biochemistry theory lesson, liking for biochemistry laboratory work, evaluative beliefs about biochemistry, and behavioral tendencies to learn biochemistry. The influence of the implementation of the integrated laboratory work on the students' practical skills and attitudes toward biochemistry was analyzed using MANOVA. The research result shows that implementing the integrated laboratory work improves students' average scores in practical skills and attitudes toward biochemistry. All the practical skills and attitudes categories in the experimental group have a higher score than those in the control group. The reason is that the work of the integrated laboratory can prepare students to conduct better investigations in biochemistry laboratory work.

Effect of Learning Media on Science Learning Achievement In Elementary School Students Class IV

Because by using learning media effectively, it is hoped that students will be able to understand well the theory lessons being taught. The purpose of this research is (a) to determine the level of science learning performance of class IV students who were taught using and not using learning media (on the science learning performance of class IV A students in the previous control group and B) to find out whether there is a positive influence on the use of learning media on the science learning performance of class IV students. This research uses an experimental approach with a comparative design. The population and sample were 80 class IV students. Data collection uses documentation and test techniques, while the data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with the t-test formula. The results of research conducted in class IV of SD Negeri Mangkura III Makassar which consisted of the top 2 groups, namely the control group (class IV.A) and the experimental group (class IV.B) showed that there were differences in learning performance, especially after learning was carried out, where the group The controls were taught science learning in 4 meetings without using the same learning media once, while the experimental group was taught using learning media even though the characteristics were still very simple. There is also a positive impact of using learning media on student performance, where groups of students who are taught using media are more likely to show increased learning performance compared to groups of students who are taught not using learning media.

Entrepreneurship’s Creation School and Its Comparison-Based Approach: Assessing the Lessons for Theory’s Progression

The creation school of opportunity formation is a relatively new partial theory of entrepreneurship built upon a relatively new approach to theorizing. Given their significant respective impacts, we critically evaluate both that school and that approach to better understand their respective values to theorizing. We apply a comprehensive, critical framework to evaluate the creation school. We determine that it is not yet a theory, but that it raises several important theoretical questions, from the origins of valuable heterogeneity to which meta-heuristics should be assumed and to what types of uncertainty are involved in entrepreneurial opportunities. We then describe its comparison-based approach for theorizing, delineating it from similar approaches that also contrast against the given benchmark ideas in a field, to determine its benefits and costs to advancing the modeling of phenomena. We determine that this new approach differs from problematization and constrastivity; instead of developing assumptions from induction, it uses a strawman to simply assert them. We finish by discussing the implications for how we can take more control over what kinds of theories affect the definition, and the legitimacy earned, in important fields of research like entrepreneurship.

Institutional Overlap in Global Governance and the Design of Intergovernmental Organizations

How does the increasingly dense network of overlapping institutions in global governance affect the design of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)? We argue that institutional overlap can unleash mimicking dynamics whereby states design new IGOs using the design of existing organizations that engage in similar issue areas and perform similar governance tasks for similar member states as templates. Using design templates from the reference group of overlapping institutions is a strategy for boundedly rational designers in situations of complexity because it reduces uncertainty and lowers the costs of identifying suitable institutional solutions. Overlap therefore increases the design similarity between new and pre-existing IGOs, specifically where pre-existing organizations have institutional designs that made them endure. Introducing a new measure of institutional overlap in global governance and new data on the design and governance tasks of the 534 IGOs from the Correlates of War Project, we corroborate our argument using regression analyses. Our results hold important lessons for theories of institutional design, regime complexity, and global governance more broadly.

Factors Influencing Construction Technology Teachers' Ability to Conduct Simulations Effectively

The efficacy of teaching hands-on skills practical activities requires teachers' willingness to implement technology enhanced pedagogy through the creation of relevant subject simulations. Teachers should be competent with workplace basics in order to prepare and demonstrate construction practical lessons that promote undeniably marketable skills that students can use to contribute to this competitive economy. The goal of this research was to look into the factors that influence Construction Technology teachers' effective teaching when conducting simulations. Purposive sampling was used to identify a total of five (5) teachers to participate in this study. Non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews were also used as a complementary data collection tool. The conceptual framework that guided this study workplace basics. According to the findings of this study, most Construction Technology teachers lack basic workplace skills as well as the ability to maintain effective teaching when conducting simulations. This is due to poorly made artifacts and a failure to use all available tools and equipment. Furthermore, the study discovered that teachers do not always plan for their theory lessons, and the challenge is even more difficult for practical lessons. The study suggests that Construction Technology teachers attend practical skill development training for Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) 2 while also visiting industries, universities, and colleges to gain exposure to the trade environment in order to stay current with technological developments. Most importantly, teachers should engage in ongoing professional development and learn the fundamentals of the workplace basics skills.

Virtual Lab Simulator in Mechanical Engineering Education-Hybrid Approach

Many universities worldwide are partially disrupting their education by the spread of the coronavirus. Consequently, the Universities took the necessary steps to change their teaching methods to online laboratory experiments and workshops. However, universities should continue to maintain their higher education standards and provide a high-quality student experience required for the learning outcomes associated with each degree program. Adhering to online teaching methods for both theory and practical lectures has created a challenge in education. The discussion of the theory lessons by showing PPTs and video presentations was comfortable for students. In addition to that, virtual labs came into existence. These virtual labs had a significant impact on students' learning process, but this did not apply to all labs. This paper projects the outcome of the virtual lab using the explicit dynamic analysis application in solid works software and integration of AR & VR teaching techniques. This paper also includes the work done by the students and the effective outcome utilization of virtual labs compared with practical labs by using mild steel specimens.

Integrating chemistry laboratory–tutorial timetabling with instructional design and the impact on learner perceptions and outcomes

For chemistry, where learners are required to integrate experimental observations with theoretical knowledge, laboratory work appears to be a viable instructional strategy. However, research has shown that chemistry laboratory instruction often fails to live up to its potential. The scheduling practice in higher education (HE) separating theory lessons and practical work into temporally disjointed sessions could exacerbate the theory–laboratory disconnect. This paper continues an earlier work, in which integrated schedules of chemistry tutorial and laboratory classes were implemented in two general chemistry courses in a freshman chemical engineering programme. Traditionally separate tutorial and laboratory classes were chained into 3 hour blocks in the experimental classes. Worked examples, group presentations and course materials designed as a merged package to connect theory with practical work were implemented for selected tasks in integrated teaching. Prior ability was measured based on previous titration experience or grades in earlier general chemistry courses. Lesson experiences were collected on the validated Meaningful Learning in the Laboratory Instrument (MLLI) (Galloway and Bretz, 2015). Block (or integrated) and traditional learners performed equally on theory tests, but integrated learners scored higher on a titration skills assessment. The origin of differences in skills performance could not be ascertained conclusively. Perceptions across the MLLI domains declined across schedules, with significant losses in the cognitive domain. MLLI scores did not differ by schedules. There is some evidence favouring stronger theory–laboratory connection from the qualitative MLLI data and the focus group interviews, although cognitive overloading may adversely impact low ability learners. This work showed that block scheduling does not affect the chemistry skills-set equally, which opens the topic for future research. Suggestions for future implementation of chemistry block teaching were also proposed.