Lessons For Russia Research Articles

Spatial Dynamics of the Oil and Gas Field Services Sector: Global Trends and Lessons for Russia

It is shown that the global spatial organization of the oil and gas field services sector depends largely on the characteristics of assets available in the mineral resources sector and that Russian service companies still remain players in the regional league. Our analysis reveals the key role of oilfield service companies in the innovative processes in the oil and gas industry. Science-intensive services can significantly reduce the unit costs of reserves increment and production costs. Endogenous, network, and exogenous models are used to summarize the formation and development processes for the oil and gas component of regional innovation systems. It is shown that resource regions cannot follow a single model of innovative development targeting the needs of the oil and gas industry. These models should take into account a wide range of regional features. The results demonstrate the need to strengthen the role of resource regions in regulating the oil and gas field services sector and innovative processes in the oil and gas industry. The focus is on developing a methodology for studying innovative processes within regional socioeconomic systems and on providing practical recommendations for the development of the oil and gas field services sector in Russia’s resource regions.

Back into the Future, Or Cold War Lessons for Russia

Back into the Future, Or Cold War Lessons for Russia

Capital controls: World Experience and Lessons for Russia

The article investigates causes and consequences of the introduction of capital controls. The evolution of the views of international organizations on capital mobility restrictions including the revision of liberal views of economic community after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, when it became clear that high capital mobility is one of the sources of imbalances in the financial sector, is examined. The main theoretical concepts, which take into account the advantages of openness and related macroeconomic risks, are presented, as well as the economic consequences of inflow and outflow of various types of capital flows, including foreign direct investment, portfolio investment, loans, etc., are analyzed. The evolution of capital controls in Russia, considered simultaneously with the dynamics of inflow and outflow of capital from the Russia, shows that the key factors in the movement of capital are the state of the Russian economy, as well as internal and external shocks, while the practice of using restrictions on the financial account has proved to be poorly effective. According to the analysis of theoretical concepts and international experience of functioning of economies in the face of restrictions on cross-border capital operations by the example of Brazil, Malaysia, Chile, India, China and other countries, as well as the study of the Russian practice in regulation of capital transactions, the authors conclude that capital controls can only be imposed in exceptional cases when it is necessary to mitigate the negative effects of shocks associated with changes in conditions of global financial markets. In this case, the advantage should always be given to macroprudential measures.

Spatial Development Features of Oil and Gas Services: Global Trends and Lessons for Russia

Spatial Development Features of Oil and Gas Services: Global Trends and Lessons for Russia

“Islamic State” and the North Caucasus in the Middle East Perspective: Challenges to and Lessons for Russia

The author considers, in the broad Middle East perspective, the impact of the ISIS and its activities on the situation in the North Caucasus. An analysis is suggested of the recent trends in Russian Islamic community and in the whole Ummah as well as challenges to Russia from the ISIS. The article also proposes some recommendations aimed to reduce security threats to our country.

Деятельность советского государства по награждению мусульман за разгром гитлеровской Германии: уроки для национальной безопасности России

Деятельность советского государства по награждению мусульман за разгром гитлеровской Германии: уроки для национальной безопасности России

: (Development of International Cooperation in Education in Asia: Lessons for Russia)

Russian Abstract: Статья посвящена проблемам развития международного сотрудничества в сфере образования в зарубежных странах Востока. В последние годы азиатские университеты стали привлекательными для иностранных студентов из разных регионов планеты. Многие вузы стран Азии стали занимать высокие показатели в международных рейтингахEnglish Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of the development of international cooperation in the field of education in the foreign countries of the East. In the recent years, Asian universities have become attractive for foreign students from different regions of the world. Many universities in Asia began to occupy the high rates in the international rankings.

Arctic policy in an era of global instability: Experience and lessons for Russia

The results of studies of the formation of Arctic policies and Arctic strategies of different countries under the conditions of globalization and climate change, as well as geopolitical and economic trends, are presented. The positions of the Arctic countries are shown on the basis of the analysis of a composite index, which characterizes their resources, infrastructure, and socio-economic development. Resource and innovative aspects of the development of the Arctic territories, their risks and uncertainties, new drivers for Arctic socio-economic development (climate change, globalization, and increasing economic activity in the Arctic) are considered. Problems of sovereignty and national security of the Arctic Basin, as well as the possibility of reducing the risks of uncertainty and of the instability of the circumpolar territories on the basis of international cooperation (a case study of the activity of the Arctic Council) are analyzed. Particular emphasis is placed on the economic aspects of development of the Russian North and the Arctic in the context of global instability, risks, and threats; the main requirements for a new Russian Arctic policy are formulated. These are multidimensionality, integration, environmental friendliness, use of the principles of public-private partnerships, and the social responsibility of business. The outlines of promising North-Arctic development as part of the modernization of Russia’s economic space are shown.

Western European Immigration Policy: Implications and Lessons for Russia

This study explores the experience of West European migration policy and the opportunities for its application inRussia. The increase in migratory flows requires new approaches to policy-making. In addition experienceaddress these problems illustrates the ambiguity of ways to their solution. The purpose of this study is toestablish a causal relationship, identification of key trends in the development of this phenomenon as migrationin the context of globalization, the analysis of potential challenges for Russia on the basis of foreign experience.Also addresses the issue of the possible impact of international sanctions against Russia for the furtherdevelopment of policies towards migrants.

Public policy of support for small business innovation in the U.S.: lessons for Russia

The article analyzes the characteristics of the program of Assistance to Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) in the United States. This program is aimed at support and subsequent commercialization of high technology developed by small firms. The government agencies involved in the implementation of the program determine the research areas manage the allocated funds themselves. The program has been in operation for over 30 years and has proven to be effective. It provides business with funds necessary at the primary, the most risky phase of production of innovative goods and services, and also gives signals to the market about popular areas of innovation development. Participation in the program is a guarantee of a high level for innovative product or service produced by the firm and allows companies to raise additional funds. Conclusions drawn from the analysis of the SBIR may be useful for the policy support of science and technology in Russia. The implementation of programs similar to SBIR in Russia will solve the actual problem of innovation development, to reduce information asymmetry in the market of innovative products and services and help in attracting venture capital in high-technology projects.

Опыт внедрения в экономику научных достижений университетов: уроки для России

Опыт внедрения в экономику научных достижений университетов: уроки для России

Профессиональная подготовка учителей в США: уроки для России

Сидоркин Александр Михайлович — Ph. D., декан факультета образования и психологии Роуд-Айленд колледжа (Провиденс, США). Эл. адрес: asidorkin@ric.edu Адрес: Роуд-Айленд колледж — 600 Mt Pleasant Ave, Providence, RI 02908, United States. Рассматриваются система аккредитации и профессиональные стандарты педагогических факультетов, а также инновационные подходы к улучшению качества подготовки учителей в США. Опыт американских вузов анализируется применительно к основным направлениям потенциальной реформы педагогического образования в России.При осуществлении мер по модернизации российской системы педагогического образования предлагается ориентироваться на сочетание преимуществ российских вузов с наиболее перспективными элементами зарубежного опыта. В связи с неподтвержденной валидностью и необходимостью значительных финансовых затрат не рекомендуется перенимать опыт широкого распространения альтернативных программ педагогического образования и модели добавленной стоимости в оценивании работы педагогических факультетов на основании достижений учеников, обучающихся их выпускниками.. При этом обращается внимание на положительный опыт американской системы профессиональной аккредитации, двухуровневой сертификации учителей, элементов клинической модели подготовки педагогических кадров, направленной на развитие партнерских отношений между вузами и школами и предусматривающей интенсивные формы педагогической практики; а также активной стажировки в школах, позволяющей существенно повысить качество преподавания и снизить текучесть кадров. В качестве наиболее приемлемого варианта аккредитации для российских педагогических программ предлагается разработка существующей общевузовской системы аккредитации с включением в нее специальных стандартов и требований к педагогическим специальностям. Приводятся практические рекомендации по переработке существующих стандартов. Обсуждаются целесообразность интеграции педагогических вузов с университетами и альтернативные способы развития первых. Рассматриваются возможности привлечения талантливых абитуриентов в педвузы, а также преимущества двухступенчатой системы образования для осуществления более высокого уровня подготовки специалистов на основе магистерских программ.

Golichenko O. G. Main Factors of National Innovation System Development: Lessons for Russia

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Regional innovative policy: Developed countries' experience and lessons for Russia

The research into formation of national innovative system at the regional level in developed countries gives the opportunity to reveal specific instruments of governmental policy and their adoption in Russian conditions. Nowadays Europe has got its general task in science development to build up common scientific area. According to the European Commission, it is possible to perform this task if EU countries and agree to unite their resources, and their national scientific policy is reformed under this common European standard. The main instrument of EU scientific and technological policy is European Framework programs of scientific research and technological development. In the context of these programs free funding is given as support to international scientific and technological projects. So, the most favorable climate is being created in Europe, which will let it become one of the centers of worldwide scientific research. The Japanese model of regional innovative system assumes building of brand new cities that is technology towns concentrating scientific research in forward spheres and industrial production. Herewith building of such technology towns to a great extent is funded at the regional level. Tax incentives play the significant role in the innovative activity stimulation in developed countries. For example, in Great Britain big corporations have the right to write down 125% of their scientific expenses to the cost, small write down 150%. Taxable profit decreases by a certain per cent what depends on increasing in expenses on scientific research. In another at a very high speed building up its innovative capital country - China - a differentiated VAT rate takes place. On average it is 18%, but it is twice lower in the sphere of IT. So, analysis of foreign experience of innovative development lets us underline the following necessary instruments of innovative policy: Private and governmental partnership in financing of academic and private science along with financing in the sphere of high-tech companies at the earliest stages of their activity (seed and start-up). Organization of network cooperation among innovative process participants in order to improve effectiveness of technology transfer processes. Taxation preferences and stimulation.

The Energy Curse: Dependency in Soviet and Russian Policy

This paper asks: why has Russia not been more effective over the past four decades in wielding power through its supply of energy‘ That is, what is it about Russian management of its energy system that does not allow it to employ its full authority over the countries that depend on it for energy‘ In particular, why would Russia transfer a failed policy of subsidies onto its newly independent states‘ Critical to answering these questions is an understanding of the Soviet Union’s hydrocarbon sales to the Eastern bloc, all members of the CMEA. The ‘energy card’ was strongest in the Soviet 1970s and in Putin’s Russia from 2000 to the present. Yet, academics have not yet examined the trading practices within the CMEA to see if there are parallels and divergences in Russia’s energy trade with the former Soviet states after 1991. This paper will argue that in both the 1970s and 2000s, when Russia was reaching peak production and windfall profits were high, Moscow had an opportunity to sustain long-term control over the market. Many of the same strategies were employed, which led to the weakening of the Russian economy and its ability to influence external actors. This paper explores the historical and unique conditions in making the comparison and draws lessons for Russia and the West. In the end, by comparing ‘then’ and ‘now’, we see a pattern of negative repercussions when the energy card is employed. Then, it reinforced the growing socio-political disenfranchisement of Warsaw Pact nations, leading to the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Now, it has hampered sustainable economic growth of Russia and pushed Europe to scramble for alternatives to Russian gas. Then and now price subsidization, poor infrastructure, and lack of investment has inhibited development of Russia’s energy sector and, by extension, its ability to manipulate the market. This study employs a within case study cross-temporal comparative framework. The paper will first examine the Soviet-CMEA 1970s oil trade. It will then compare this with the 2000s gas trade with the former Soviet states, all members of the CIS. The paper will conclude with lessons for Russia’s energy management.

Monetary Policy and Global Financial Crisis: Methodological Aspects and Lessons for Russia

The article develops the integral approach to formulating and realizing modern monetary policy which is capable to replace the traditional one, characterized as fragmental and non-systematic. Global financial crisis has revealed the absence of sufficient instruments of monetary policy and led to transformation of central banking functions. Monetary authorities are now not just lenders of last resort, but actually sponsors of financial market of last resort. The efficiency of monetary policy in future must be formed by its integrity (interactions of its objects) and close connections with real economy as well.

Economic Internationalization of Russia: Roots, Trends, and Scenarios

This article examines the background conditions, trends, and scenarios of Russian economic internationalization. In the context of globalization, Russia is stepping up efforts to re-establish itself as a regional and global power. Despite recent progress in domestic economic development, Russia's comparative ratings in major international surveys remain modest or low and many indicators of political rights and civil liberties in Russia demonstrate worsening trends. Russia still lags behind other countries on many of the criteria measuring economic freedom, market attractiveness, globalization, corruption, opacity, and competitiveness. The article explores the lessons for Russia in its political-economic transformation from “peer” countries such as Chile, China, and Venezuela. In exploring the driving forces of Russian economic internationalization, the article focuses on three alternative scenarios conceptualized as “Chilean,” “Chinese,” and “Venezuelan.” Each of these scenarios reflects various traits that have commonalities with the Russian political-economic system, leadership, and situational characteristics in the international context. After examining the internal dynamics and external environmental factors pertaining to Russia, the article concludes that the most probable mid-range alternative for economic internationalization will resemble the Venezuelan scenario, with some elements of the Chinese model also evident.

Industrial and Competition Policy: The Issue of Interrelation and Lessons for Russia

The article considers the question of interrelation between industrial and competition policy, especially in transition economies such as Russia. Both the possibilities of complementarity and trade-off are indicated. The authors show how the interplay between industrial and competition policy depends on the stage of economic development and how it has changed over few last decades. Some conclusions are drawn about the optimal use of industrial and competition policy in today's Russia considering the complexity of the objectives of economic policy.

States and Markets: Comparing Japan and Russia

The state's vital role in modernization post-war patterns of state-market relations perestroika and the push toward marketization the Japanese model - limits and lessons for Russia.