Lessons Learned Research Articles

A review of tsunami early warning at the local level - Key actors, dissemination pathways, and remaining challenges

At the International Symposium on the Lessons Learnt from the 2018 Tsunamis in Palu and Sunda Strait, organised by IOC-UNESCO, experts identified the need for a critical dialogue on the future direction of tsunami warning systems, especially for events other than tectonic origins and with short warning times. This first phase of a longer-term study was initiated to develop a better understanding of tsunami early warning at the local level in countries exposed to a tsunami risk. This desk study involved a systematic literature review of academic publications from 2005 to 2021, and a narrative literature review to examine policy and guidance reports on tsunami early warning. Seven guiding research questions were identified to set the boundaries of the research and provide a clear framework for the review. The draft questions were reviewed and, through several iterations, refined by academics and representatives of working groups and technical agencies involved in tsunami early warning. The findings reveal the characteristics of the literature on tsunami early warning at the local level, as well as insights into how early warning approaches vary across Ocean Basins and between countries. The results revealed substantial challenges that hinder effective tsunami early warning at the local level, such as inadequate coordination of actors. Among several areas for improvement, the need to promote a culture for self-evacuation has been identified as a practical solution to face nearfield tsunamis. The results of this analysis will inform further detailed empirical investigations to provide contemporary insights on the status of tsunami early warning at the local level in different countries.

The School Readiness in Implementing the Merdeka Curriculum in Pekanbaru : A Survey of Teachers and Students' Perspectives

This study aims to assess the school readiness in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum in the Year 2022/2023 at several SMA/SMK in Pekanbaru City. This study used a descriptive quantitative with a survey metod. Data collection techniques are carried out using questionnaires and observations, with a sample of 32 SMA/SMK selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis according to the variables that had been determined. Based on the research results show that the school's understanding of the Merdeka Curriculum was very high, reaching 94%. In total, 81% of SMA / SMK have met the requirements and have been appointed by the Indonesian Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Mendikbudristek) to implement the Merdeka Curriculum. Teachers' competence in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum reached 75%. In terms of students’ participation in effective learning, it is not optimal since it reached only 16%. It is necessary to improve policy and procedural support, around 62% stated this. However, only 56% of schools use learning modules from the Mendikbudristek. Besides, the use of the Minimum Competency Assessment (MCA) and Character Survey also reached 56%, while the use and preparation of independence learning lesson plans reached 62%. In conclusion, a number of challenges remain in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in SMA/SMK, especially related to infrastructure, student participation, and policy support, but it has also achieved some level of success in terms of teacher competence and the use of teaching materials.

Comparing performance of year-round and campaign-mode influenza vaccination strategies among children aged 6–23 months in Kenya: 2019–2021

IntroductionIn 2016, the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group requested additional programmatic and cost effectiveness data to inform the choice of strategy for a national influenza vaccination program among children aged 6–23 months of age. In response, we conducted an influenza vaccine demonstration project to compare the performance of a year-round versus campaign-mode vaccination strategy. Findings from this demonstration project will help identify essential learning lessons for a national program. MethodsWe compared two vaccine delivery strategies: (i) a year-round vaccination strategy where influenza vaccines were administered throughout the year at health facilities. This strategy was implemented in Njoro sub-county in Nakuru (November 2019 to October 2021) and Jomvu sub-county in Mombasa (December 2019 to October 2021), (ii) a campaign-mode vaccination strategy where vaccines were available at health facilities over four months. This strategy was implemented in Nakuru North sub-county in Nakuru (June to September 2021) and Likoni sub-county in Mombasa (July to October 2021). We assessed differences in coverage, dropout rates, vaccine wastage, and operational needs. ResultsWe observed similar performance between strategies in coverage of the first dose of influenza vaccine (year-round strategy 59.7 %, campaign strategy 63.2 %). The coverage obtained in the year-round sub-counties was similar (Njoro 57.4 %; Jomvu 63.1 %); however, more marked differences between campaign sub-counties were observed (Nakuru North 73.4 %; Likoni 55.2 %). The campaign-mode strategy exceeded the cold chain capacity of participating health facilities, requiring thrice monthly instead of once monthly deliveries, and was associated with a two-fold increase in workload compared to the year-round strategy (168 vaccines administered per day in the campaign strategy versus 83 vaccines administered per day in the year-round strategy). ConclusionAlthough both strategies had similar coverage levels, the campaign-mode strategy was associated with considerable operational needs that could significantly impact the immunization program.

Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Lessons Learned from Screening and Follow-Up of the Preterm Newborn Population.

Newborn screening (NBS) for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) by measurement of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) successfully identifies newborns with SCID and severe T-cell lymphopenia, as intended. At the same time, NBS programs face the challenge of false positive results, with a disproportionately high number in the premature newborn population. This study evaluates TREC values and SCID screening outcomes in premature newborns and elucidates evidence-based SCID screening practices that reduce unnecessary follow-up activities in this population. De-identified individual SCID newborn screening data and aggregate SCID screening data were obtained from seven states across the US for babies born between 2018 and 2020. Relevant statistics were performed on data pooled from these states to quantify screening performance metrics and clinical impact on various birth and gestational age categories of newborns. The data were normalized using multiples-of-the-median (MoM) values to allow for the aggregation of data across states. The aggregation of NBS data across a range of NBS programs highlighted the trajectory of TREC values over time, both between and within newborns, and provides evidence for improved SCID screening recommendations in the premature and low birth weight population.

Advancing Students’ Teamwork Competency via an Action Research Intervention: Lessons Learned and Their Implications

Although teamwork skills are imperative for students’ future success in the workplace, teamwork in academic settings does not always provide students with the necessary teamwork competencies. The current study used action research principles to design and implement a teamwork competency training intervention featuring cycles of reflection and addressing previous shortcomings through action plans. Undergraduate college students (n = 108) in teams of 3–5 completed five team-based projects. After each project, teams provided individual and team reflections, ratings of team members’ contributions, perceived ratings of team performance, and action plans for the next project. Using qualitative analysis, we identified the most common themes in students’ reflections and action plans, explored changes in those themes across the five projects, and related those themes to the teams’ perceived performance. Current findings provide evidence that implementation of action research processes in academic teamwork may advance students’ teamwork competency in planning, time management, equal contributions, interpersonal skills, and team cohesion. We conclude that instructors may utilize these strategies to address issues in student teamwork and provide a structure to support the development of students’ teamwork skills.

Measuring Disaster Recovery: Lessons Learned from Early Recovery in Post-Tsunami Area of Aceh, Indonesia

The assessment of post-disaster recovery is often hindered by limited metric and longitudinal data, in addition to the dynamic and long-term processes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the early stages after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia, using the Disaster Recovery Index (DRI). The two initial waves of Study of Tsunami and Aftermath Recovery (STAR) data were used to track the recovery process from 5 to 19 months after the tsunami. The results showed various recovery patterns in three affected areas and five sectors. Furthermore, recovery rates in the medium and heavily damaged areas increased by 2.05 and 7.45 percentage points, respectively, with a 0.33 percentage point decrease in the lightly damaged areas. The social and livelihood sectors showed rapid progress, supported by the establishment of temporary health and education facilities, including Cash-for-Work programs. Meanwhile, other sectors experienced slower recovery due to their complexity. The application of the DRI successfully showed the relative positions across affected areas and sectors over time in a simple way. This confirmed the variety of recoveries in subgroups in the community and suggested the importance of regularly measuring progress using standard metrics to observe long-term conditions.

The Nipah Virus Scare: Kerala's Swift Response and Lessons Learned

Kerala's first Nipah virus outbreak occurred in 2018. It being in the pre-covid era presented major challenges to the public health authorities highlighting the need for rapid response and improved preparedness. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the outbreak, its epidemiology, clinical presentation, public health response, challenges faced, and the crucial lessons learned. Being a third-year medical student in a Nipah-affected area was an unsettling experience. The fear was palpable as we grappled with the uncertainty of the virus's spread. The pay wards in our hospital were converted into Nipah isolation wards within a day. Hearing terms like "quarantine" and "isolation" became chilling reminders of the dire situation, emphasizing the importance of strict protocols and safety measures to protect patients and healthcare workers

Quantifications of the Rights of the Child: Lessons Learned and Moving Forward

Quantifications of the Rights of the Child: Lessons Learned and Moving Forward

Exploring Lesson Learned From Lecturers’ Experience On Implementing Lesson Study In Higher Education

In the ever-evolving landscape of education, the importance of innovative teaching methodologies cannot be overstated. One such approach that has gained substantial traction in recent years is Lesson Study. This study aims at investigating lecturers’ experience on implementing lesson study, specifically the lesson learned from lesson study. This study employed case study which involved five lecturers at higher education level as the participants. The data were gained through open ended questionnaire, interview, and documentation. The results indicated that the lessons learned that confirmed by the participants are: enhanced creativity and innovation, targeted student - centered teaching, cultivation of reflective practitioners, and building a supportive community. In conclusion, lesson study is not only gives new experience for lecturers but also new insight that can be useful for their teaching improvement.

A phenomenological study on women's disaster experience in Türkiye

The number and severity of disasters are rising globally, with negative effects on the physical, social, and economic spheres. According to research, men and women experience disasters differently around the world and have different coping mechanisms. With their backgrounds in disaster relief and high levels of cognitive awareness, women are recognized as strong actors. The issues that women in Turkey face during disasters must be identified in this context and proposals for effective solutions must be developed. Research is scarce, despite the literature's importance accorded to disaster and women's studies. To examine in depth the disaster experiences and lessons learned of women who faced various types of disasters (earthquake, flood, landslide, fire, epidemic, drought, and terrorist attack), nineteen women were interviewed in a virtual setting. A qualitative research method called phenomenological design was employed in the study. With the help of the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative analysis program, the research's data were analyzed. The analyses have shown that women are ill-prepared for disasters, consider disaster early warnings, have difficulty and security issues in accessing basic needs after disasters, have incorrect information about disasters and are willing to participate in disaster education, encounter social problems, and want to participate in decision-making mechanisms, and they acquire correct behavior skills after their first reflex behaviors. In order to ensure gender equality and address issues with integrated disaster management, the administration can follow the significant findings of the research. In study contributes to the field of disaster research by analyzing the experiences of women in disasters, particularly what makes them vulnerable to disasters, the impact of gender roles in disasters, their behaviors and experiences at the time of the disaster, and the actions taken to turn learned lessons into behavior.

Learning Lessons for Future Preparedness: Exploring Work Well-Being-Related Leadership Challenges among Paramedics during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Qualitative Study.

The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic majorly impacted the population and public services. In Finland, a state of emergency was declared to ensure the security of healthcare resources, and prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) organizations faced emergency conditions for the first time. This study explores the leadership challenges related to well-being experienced during the early phase of the pandemic. This qualitative study utilized reflective essay material written between August and November 2020 by experienced advanced-level paramedics (n = 30) who participated actively in EMS fieldwork at the beginning of the pandemic. The material (32,621 words) was analyzed with inductive content analysis. The work well-being-related leadership challenges experienced by paramedics during the early phase of the pandemic were divided into four upper categories: inadequate guidance, workplace reorganization, atmosphere mismanagement, and insufficient resources to cope. These upper categories were comprised of 17 subcategories. Several actions can be taken to enhance personnel well-being and prepare for similar challenges. Guidance and support should be clear and timely. Visible leadership should be emphasized and enhanced with modern communication. Efforts should be made to strengthen the work atmosphere to support those on the front lines of healthcare. This study was not registered on a publicly accessible registry.

Utilizing Crowdsourcing via Hackathon to Address Access to Cancer Medicine Across Borders: Lessons Learned

Utilizing Crowdsourcing via Hackathon to Address Access to Cancer Medicine Across Borders: Lessons Learned

Tools for distance learning in mathematics

The article deals with the main tools designed to organize distance learning in mathematics. The characteristic features of each tool are analyzed. The necessity of introducing electronic tools for effective lessons in distance learning is revealed. The advantages and disadvantages of each tool when used in the educational process are highlighted. The list of tools that can provide a variety of teaching methods and arouse interest in mathematics through interactivity and visualization is given.

Exploring physical education teachers’ experiences with incorporating technology into instruction

Keeping up with evolving concepts and teaching new knowledge require individuals to adapt to 21st century abilities in order to be future-ready and versatile in keeping up with the trends of an ever-changing educational landscape. Technology integration is a huge assist in offering meaningful and creative quality education services. The purpose of this study is to acquire an in-depth undertanding of physical education teachers' experiences with integrating ICT into lesson delivery. The study utilized qualitative study which employs a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was utilized in the study to fulfill the study's purpose of answering research concerns where 7 physical education teachers participated the study. Codes and themes were used in the study. Three themes emerged in the study: dynamic teaching and learning experiences, lack of access, and health problems. This study intends to highlight the significance of adopting and integrating technology into the current teaching and learning process, which highlights the significance of teaching of physical education teachers’ with showcasing the technical capabilities and skills. Additionally, by incorporating ICT, the study will highlight its beneficial outcomes and serves as a strategy will be developed to deal with the difficulties instructors have faced by creating policies for improving teachers’ technological skills as a result of these difficulties. The use of ICT to give instruction in physical education classes will highlight the study's beneficial effects. Every physical education teacher who uses ICT to give lessons in concepts, principles, and teaching and learning will benefit from the clarity this study will bring.

Analisis Penerapan Pembelajaran Aksara Arab Melayu Kelas IV Di SD Al-Azhar Medan

Learning Malay Arabic script is not as a main lesson, Malay Arabic learning is included in the category of local content learning. We also cannot be sure that all schools or madrasas study this Malay Arabic, there are also some schools that do not use this Malay Arabic script as local content. In this study, the researcher conducted a study at SD Al Azhar Medan related to the analysis of Malay Arabic script learning at SD Al Azhar including methods, strategies, evaluation tools, and difficulties felt by a teacher in teaching this Malay Arabic script learning.This study uses a qualitative research approach with descriptive methods. The data collection technique uses observation and interview methods. the purpose of teaching Malay Arabic script at school is to develop students' language skills in mastering the language of Malay Arabic writing. Malay Arabic script is an important lesson in learning so that Malay Arabic script must be designed as creatively as possible when implementing learning, in order to create an active and creative classroom atmosphere.

Early Experience and Lessons Learned Using Implanted Hemodynamic Monitoring in Patients With Fontan Circulation.

Data on the use of implanted hemodynamic monitoring (IHM) in patients with Fontan circulation are limited. This study reports our experience using the CardioMEMS HF system in adults with Fontan circulation. This single-center, retrospective study evaluated heart failure hospitalizations, procedural complications, and device-related complications in patients with Fontan circulation referred for IHM placement (2015-2022). The association of pulmonary artery pressure (by most recent catheterization and median IHM pressure within 30 days of placement) with both death and follow-up Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Excluding International Normalized Ratio score were evaluated. Of 18 patients referred for IHM placement, 17 were successful (median age, 30 [range 21-48] years, 6 women). Procedural complications (access site hematomas, pulmonary artery staining) occurred in 3 patients, without device-related procedural complications. In follow-up (median, 35 [range, 6-83] months), 1 patient developed a pulmonary embolism (possibly device-related). Heart failure hospitalizations/year were similar before and after IHM (median, 1 [interquartile range, 0-1.0] versus 0.6 [0-2.3]; P=0.268), though only 46% of heart failure hospitalizations had associated IHM transmissions. IHM pressures were associated with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Excluding International Normalized Ratio scores (R2=0.588, P<0.001), though catheterization pressures were not (R2=0.140, P=0.139). The long-term mortality rate was 53% in this cohort. On unadjusted survival analysis, IHM pressures ≥18 mm Hg were associated with mortality (log rank P=0.041), which was not reproduced with catheterization pressures (log rank P=0.764). In patients with Fontan circulation, IHM did not reduce heart failure hospitalizations, though patient adherence to transmission was low. Device-related complications were low. IHM pressures may better represent real-life conditions compared with catheterization given associations with mortality and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Excluding International Normalized Ratio score.

COVID-19 in Workplace Settings: Lessons Learned for Occupational Medicine in the UK.

This paper addresses lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic from a UK Occupational Medicine perspective to permit comparison with other national accounts. In spite of good prior research and statute, the necessary resources to protect workers' health were seriously lacking when the pandemic struck. Weak public health guidance, which did not recognise dominant airborne transmission, was applied to workplaces, leaving workers and others unprotected, especially in respect to Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as regulator was lacking, for example, in not producing guidance to protect HealthCare Workers (HCW) who were amongst the most at risk. The UK COVID-19 Public Inquiry should address shortcomings such as these, but recommendations must be accompanied by robust means to ensure appropriate implementation. These should range from substantial measures to improve indoor air quality, to a permanent pandemic management organization with adequate resources. The enforcing authority has to be obliged to publish more specific workplace guidance than the public health authorities. Occupational medicine as a discipline needs to be better prepared, and hence to assert its responsibility towards high standards of workers' health protection. Future research has to include investigating the best means of mitigation against airborne infection and the management of post-acute covid sequelae.

Mechanism of Regulation on the Marketing of the Breast–Milk Substitutes: a Lesson Learn from one Province in Northern of Thailand

Objectives: To investigate the existing model and mechanism for surveillance of the marketing of food for infants and young children in Phayao province, Thailand according to The Control of Marketing of Infants and Young Children Food Act, B.E. 2560 (2017). Method: This research was a qualitative research study which collected data through an in-depth interview and a focus group with 7 informants: officers of Phayao Provincial Public Health Office, registered nurses, public health technical officers, and consumer network officers. Results: Phayao province had a control model and mechanism on the marketing of food for infants and young children according to The Control of Marketing of Infants and Young Children Food Act, B.E. 2560 (2017) as follows: (1) For passive surveillance, there was a complaint center at the Provincial Public Health Office as the main coordinator to receive complaints and prepare files of violation cases. (2) Active surveillance included visits to target places such as shops and child development centers, and visits to enforce maternal and child health standards. Finally, (3) networking and knowledge dissemination were implemented through the first 1,000 miracle days of life project. The implementational model for controlling the marketing of food for infants and young children should be as follows: (1) Be compliant with laws. (2) Determine clear policies at the departmental levels. (3) Work collaboratively at the provincial, district, and subdistrict levels. (4) Increase participation of related people for surveillance of offences. (5) Empower operational networks, entrepreneurs, and other people to gain knowledge and be compliant with the law in a suitable way. (6) Use communication technology to support implementation. Conclusion: Phayao province has a model and mechanism to control the marketing of food for infants and young children in compliance with the law. The model and mechanism should be developed according to the area contexts to support the implementation to be more effective.

Large-Scale Scientific Study Led by a Professional Organization during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Operations, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned.

In 2021, the Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) (formerly the American Association for Clinical Chemistry [AACC]) developed a scientific study that aimed to contribute to the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunity during the evolving course of the pandemic. This study was led by a group of expert member volunteers and resulted in survey data from 975 individuals and blood collection from 698 of those participants. This paper describes the formulation and execution of this large-scale scientific study, encompassing best practices and insights gained throughout the endeavor.

Review of Teledermatology: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Utilization of telemedicine for dermatology has greatly expanded since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, with over 500 new teledermatology studies published since 2020. An updated review on teledermatology is necessary to incorporate new findings and perspectives, and educate dermatologists on effective utilization. We discuss teledermatology in terms of diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes, patient and physician satisfaction, considerations for special patient populations, published practice guidelines, cost effectiveness and efficiency, as well as administrative regulations and policies. Our findings emphasize the need for dermatologist education, prioritization of reliable reimbursement systems, and technological innovations to support the continued development of teledermatology in the post-pandemic era.