Les Miserables Research Articles

Spiritual Rebirth in Three 19th-Century European Classics Compared to Transpersonal Experiences in Zeno’s Conscience: A Psychosynthetic Analysis of Zeno’s Conscience

In the first article of the two interconnected articles, titled "Out-of-time experiences in four iconic 20th-century European modernist novels including Zeno's Conscience" (Tóth-Izsó, 2023b) the examination of Kairos experiences transpired through the lens of a psychosynthetic framework. In this second article the most important transpersonal experiences of the characters of Brothers Karamazov, Les Miserables, and A Christmas Carol are briefly presented and interpreted from a psychosynthetic view, by using appropriate quotes. The spiritual experiences presented in this paper clearly show religious aspects and thus can be interpreted as mystical experiences that constitute a broad category of the more inclusive transpersonal experiences. These two share similar characteristics to a certain extent, but also differ in many aspects as we will see in the comparison presented. In the Conclusion, transpersonal experiences of Zeno—identified in the first article— are compared with similar experiences of the characters of the three selected classics. This comparison revealed, that while in the case of Zeno —the only sporadic—transpersonal events were hidden deeply in the text and had no lasting effect on the life of Zeno, in the cases of the three analysed classics these events were markedly conspicuous and had radical life-changing effects on the concerned characters' life.

A tempest in a skull

“A Tempest in a Skull”. The expression comes from Victor Hugo's Les Miserables, but it says just as much about Freud's life as it does about ours. No one is probably more 'disturbed', or descends to the depths of chaos, than when he or she takes on the trappings of a 'tidy' being, or is caught up in a cosmetic life apparently made of order and beauty.
 Of course, “everything is fine” does not always hide “everything is bad”. But we must also recognize that there is often a 'tempest' in a skull, and that it is precisely at this moment that everything changes, and everything is modified within us. Based on this phenomenon, the leitmotiv "so much exception, so much modification" thus becomes the new imperative of phenomenology - not out of attachment to the tragic or the pathetic, but on the contrary to reach that part of us which is inexpressible and which is the strongest part of our existentiality. Garcia Lorca's Duende, as the “spirit of aching Spain”, will express in its own way this force “that burns the blood”, the only one capable of touching our own depths, magnified and exorcised by the rhythm of Andalusian singers.

STRATEGIES FOR TRANSLATING WESTERN LITERATURE INTO ARABIC BETWEEN DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION

Translation is the core of human civilization. It consists in transferring texts from their original language to another making it perfectly harmonious in a foreign intellectual and cultural context, using methods and procedures that insure a translation as correct as possible. Considering the value of literature in constructing civilizations, we can clearly see that translation is as important as literature itself and even more. This is due to the fact that this later has always been an important factor in the prosperity and development of nations. In fact, literature is considered as the holder for people’s thoughts and culture, and a record of their history. Translating literary texts from a language to another is a difficult and challenging task not only because of their content, but also for the different styles, creative formats, and rhetoric used by the author. So, what are the difficulties that hinder the translator's work during the transfer of literary creativity? What kind of strategies should he choose to make a balance the forces attracting him while transferring foreign literature from Western languages to Arabic? Domestication or foreignization? And from there, we try in this paper to highlight some of the problems facing the literary translator, especially by observing and analyzing two Arabic translations by Hafiz Ibrahim and Munir Al-Baalbaki of the international French novel Les Miserables, entitled "strategies for translating Western literature into Arabic between domestication and foreignazation.

War and the child’s gaze in revolutionary and Napoleonic literature and culture

ABSTRACT This article considers how the child’s gaze in Napoleonic culture functions as a multifaceted tool in the moral and political history of the Napoleonic Wars. Drawing from Stahl’s framework of the ‘weaponized gaze’ and, at points, multimodal discourse, I track how the youthful gaze has become an emblem of power and ethics in art and literature of the period. In the first two sections of the article, I explore how this gaze has been mediated and manipulated by adult narratives, used for a variety of purposes ranging from personal introspection to political broadcast. The first section considers the gaze within the context of children within war art, and the second moves to literature, forming new critical readings of Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables and Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace in relation to the history of childhood. The final section of the article attempts to reclaim the child’s gaze through self-awareness and internalization, introducing examples of child authors of the Napoleonic period – Felicia Hemans (Browne), Marjory Fleming, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and the Brontës – and considering how their writings, varying from patriotism to protest, imitation to epiphanic moments, create a parallel military history, useful for readers and critics of childhood, war and emotion in that they challenge our understandings of children’s agency and involvement. Overall, this article offers new ways of approaching children’s participation in war, demonstrating how their roles as muses, consumers and producers are intimately bound with the moral and emotional fallout of conflict.

COMPARATIVE AND CONTRADICTIVE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN LES MISERABLE BY VICTOR HUGO: A SEMANTICS ANALYSIS

This research discusses the application of Semantics theory proposed by Leech. it discusses the occurrence of figurative language in Victor Hugo's work entitled “Les Miserable” through a semantic approach. The purpose of this research is to analyse the figurative and comparative language found in the novel "Les Miserables" by Victor Hugo. The research applies the semantic theory by Leech's (1981) especially for connotative meaning and supported by figure of speech theory by Dancygier and Keraf (1994) for its figurative language. Qualitative method is applied in this study and library research as a technique used to collect data. The researcher analyses the data from the figurative language of the novel. Comparative figurative language found are personifications, similes, hyperboles, litotes, and paradoxes. The findings of this study shows that there are 55 figurative languages ​​identified in the novel. The researcher found that most figurative languages used by Victor Hugo is comparative one.
 
 Key words: semantics, connotative meaning, figurative language.

The Leadership of Jean Valjean in Les Miserable Movie Directed by Tom Hooper

The goal of the research is to analyze the leadership that Jean Valjean shown in Les Miserables Movie directed by Tom Hooper. This research focuses on two aspects, the type and the impact of the leadership. The type of leadership that are found in this movie are (1) Laissez-faire leadership and (2) Servant leadership. While There are three impact of leadership that indeed to Jean Valjean as the main character in Les Miserables, they are (1) Inspiring confidence for others (2) Creating a respectful environment and (3) Increasing loyalty and trust. The Les Miserables Movie is a perfect movie for analyzing leadership, as it tells about the life of Jean Valjean who tries keeping himself in fire even though there are so many inside and outside difficulties in his life as a prisoner and after he has been released on parole. According to (Almaki et al., 2016) leadership is not just about power and authority, but it is a set of characteristics that should be owned by the leader. This movie shows many things to be a good leader who can bring a big impact to people. As a leader we must have faith, forgive the enemies and belief, there will always be a brighter tomorrow. We are all leaders in our lives. So, this movie gives us so many things that we can learn to have better life.

Aprendizagem histórica e novo humanismo: as ideias históricas dos jovens a partir da leitura dos quadrinhos de “Os Miseráveis”

Neste artigo, apresentamos parte das discussões desenvolvidas ao longo do mestrado em Educação na Universidade Estadual de Londrina, defendido em 2019. O trabalho desenvolvido no mestrado se debruçou sobre o uso de uma versão em quadrinhos da obra “Os Miseráveis”, de Victor Hugo (o livro foi publicado originalmente em 1862), com o objetivo de discutir com jovens estudantes do nono ano de uma escola pública localizada em Londrina, Paraná, sobre problemas sociais e sobre o Novo Humanismo de Rüsen (2012; 2015). Para isto, desenvolvemos aulas-oficina (BARCA, 2004) que tinham o objetivo de, tornando o aluno o protagonista do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, levá-lo à reflexão sobre questões relacionadas a problemas sociais e ao humanismo. Nestas aulas-oficina, realizamos uma roda de conversa, além da produção uma narrativa sobre esta roda e de uma história em quadrinhos que abordasse o tema problemas sociais. Neste artigo, trabalhamos com as HQs produzidas pelos alunos, apresentando as discussões realizadas sobre o tema e as análises desenvolvidas na dissertação a partir da produção dos alunos. Nosso objetivo foi verificar a possibilidade de os jovens estudantes gerarem um sentido de orientação temporal por meio dos valores e ideias do novo humanismo e da defesa da dignidade humana a partir da leitura de “Os Miseráveis” em quadrinhos.

The influence of the epic novel "Les Miserables" by V. Hugo on Chinese musicals

The influence of the epic novel "Les Miserables" by V. Hugo on Chinese musicals

Creative Approaches to Teaching French and Francophone Culture Remotely

Contemporary textbooks reflect these guidelines by including lessons which focus not only on the home country of the language (French/France;Spanish/Spain;Chinese/China) but also on the multiple areas of the world where this language is the common unifying factor. Pace currently uses the Learning Management System 'Blackboard' which provides numerous platforms that allow creative presentation formats for the instructor, as well as different modes of interaction between and among the students and the instructor. The reading/viewing list for this course as taught in Fall 2019 was as follows: [End Page 40] Films: Claude Ossaro and Emmanuel Benbihy: Paris, I Love You (Paris, je t'aime) Anne Fontaine: Coco Before Chanel (Coco avant Chanel) Tom Hooper: Les Miserables Laurent Cantet: The Class (Entre les murs) Jean-Pierre Jeunet: Amelie (Le fabuleux destin d'Amelie Poulain) Nora Ephron: Julie and Julia Fiction: Emile Zola: The Ladies' Paradise (Au bonheur des dames) Larry Collins: Is Paris Burning? Faces Places (Visages villages) The learning objectives for both courses are the same: A. Students will appreciate and understand aspects of French and/or Francophone culture that differ from their own;B. Students will develop an appreciation for the role cinema plays in France and/or Francophone countries, and appreciate it as an art form rather than simply entertainment;C. Students will use multimedia sources to research information relating to films or literature and use this information to write analytical essays;D. Students will view films or read literary texts in the historical or sociological context in which they were produced as evidence of a specific society's views of the world.

Community Detection Clustering via Gumbel Softmax

Recently, in many systems such as speech recognition and visual processing, deep learning has been widely implemented. In this research, we are exploring the possibility of using deep learning in community detection among the graph datasets. Graphs have gained growing traction in different fields, including social networks, information graphs, the recommender system, and also life sciences. In this paper, we propose a method of community detection clustering the nodes of various graph datasets. We cluster different category datasets that belong to affiliation networks, animal networks, human contact networks, human social networks, miscellaneous networks. The deep learning role in modeling the interaction between nodes in a network allows a revolution in the field of science relevant to graph network analysis. In this paper, we extend the gumbel softmax approach to graph network clustering. The experimental findings on specific graph datasets reveal that the new approach outperforms traditional clustering significantly, which strongly shows the efficacy of deep learning in graph community detection clustering. We do a series of experiments on our graph clustering algorithm, using various graph datasets: Zachary's karate club, Highland tribes, Train bombing, American Revolution, Dolphins, Zebra, Windsurfers, Les Miserables, Political books.

THE CHARACTER AND MORAL VALUE IN “LES MISERABLES” BY VICTOR HUGO

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The objective of this research is to find out character and moral value in the novel. The method that is used in the research is qualitative that aims to describe the character and moral value in the novel “Les Miserables”. The writer did several steps of extracting the data through reading a whole book carefully, categorizing the characters and kinds of moral values, making table based on the specifications of character and moral value. The findings reveal that there are several characters and moral values presented explicity themselves. This novel has two objectives: to explain about characters in the novel and analyze about moral value in the novel. 1) One of characters that is more dominant is lover. The value of lover reaches 18.5 % because this novel shows more about love and compassion. 2) Moral values in “Les Miserables”<em>, </em>there are four types of moral value such as love and sincerity, forgiveness, sacrifice, and justice/injustice. Love and sincerity is more dominant than the other elements. The value for love and sincerity reach 42% because it shows more about love and sincerity.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Character, Moral value, Novel. </em></p>

Boundary-connection deletion strategy based method for community detection in complex networks

Community detection in complex networks is a difficult problem. Up to now, there is no very effective method to solve it. Recently, many community detection algorithms based on edge removal have been proposed. However, these edge removal methods often delete many key connections within communities and weaken (or destroy) the community structure of the network. This will make the network communities more difficult to be identified and reduce the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. This paper proposed a boundary connection deletion based community detection algorithm. Different from other algorithms, our algorithm focuses on identifying and removing the boundary connections between network modules. This can enhance the network community structure and get high quality network modules. With high performance, our algorithm can detect the optimal and hierarchical community structure in weighted networks simultaneously. In order to verify the effectiveness of our algorithm, the stability and robustness of our algorithm were firstly analyzed. Then a series of experiments had been done on the real-world and synthetic networks. The real-world networks include Zachary’s karate club network, dolphin social network, American college foot-ball network, PolBooks network, Les Miserables character network, and the coauthorship network of scientists; The synthetic networks include GN benchmark and LFR benckmark. Two indices NMI and Modularity Q were used to compare our algorithm with the recently proposed algorithms, including meta-LPAm+, Srinivas and Rajendran’s model, IDPM, CFCDs, EDCD, CNM, and CDASS. Experimental results show that our algorithm has better performance than these algorithms.

JOURNALISTIC MESSAGES IN VICTOR HUGO’S EPIC NOVEL “LES MISERABLES”

The article offers the epic novel “Les Miserables” overview by the French literature classic Victor Hugo in social and political journalism terms. It is emphasized that the writer had the opportunity to see the changes in society with his own eyes, participated in several revolutions, expressed his own views on government in the country, sometimes resorting to devastating criticism not only in speeches but also in works. At the same time, it is highlighted that the writer raised all the society flaws, shortcomings and problems, glorifying the people as one of its components and giving the latter extraordinary strength in the struggle for freedom. The social issues and historical background on which the novel events are formed were analyzed based on the narrative elements in “Les Miserables”. Journalistic narrative methods are clearly distinguished, in particular reporting and detailing descriptions. The writer’s objectivity and detachment from the events depicted in the work are emphasized. However, the emphasis is on the personal artist experience, against which the main trends in the work are formed. There are substantiated Victor Hugo’s attempts to not only reproduce historical events and the social background as accurately as possible, but also to convey the human-society relations’ “true nature”. It is proved that Victor Hugo used historical references, terminological dictionaries and maps to more constructively display locations and convey the real people’ “speech”. It is also noticeable that the writer adds to his account many uprisings events facts of 1832 in France, while directing the recipient's thoughts to spiritual issues. It is emphasized that by transforming being in a work according to the good laws, the writer calls for the real world transformation according to the same principles. From the journalism view point the epic novel research enable further investigations into it in order to prove its relevance against the background modern events, use it as a masses' basic awakening consciousness element and address the historical revolutions and uprisings issue. The main work ideas are based on such concepts as progress, justice, for which, to some extent, the battle continues today.

Uncovering hidden community structures in evolving networks based on neighborhood similarity

Detection of densely interconnected nodes also called modules or communities in static or dynamic networks has become a key approach to comprehend the topology, functions and organizations of the networks. Over the years, numerous methods have been proposed to detect the accurate community structure in the networks. State-of-the-art approaches only focus on finding non-overlapping and overlapping communities in a network. However, many networks are known to possess a hidden or embedded structure, where communities are recursively grouped into a hierarchical structure. Here, we reinvent such sub-communities within a community, which can be redefined based on nodes similarity. We term those derived communities as hidden or hierarchical communities. In this work, we present a method called Hidden Community based on Neighborhood Similarity Computation (HCNC) to uncover undetected groups of communities that embedded within a community. HCNC can detect hidden communities irrespective of density variation within the community. We define a new similarity measure based on the degree of a node and it’s adjacent nodes degree. We evaluate the efficiency of HCNC by comparing it with several well-known community detectors through various real-world and synthetic networks. Results show that HCNC has better performance in comparison to the candidate community detectors concerning various statistical measures. The most intriguing findings of HCNC is that it became the first research work to report the presence of hidden communities in Les Miserables, Karate and Polbooks networks.

Les Miserables: The Impact of Unfavorable Psychology Exam Results and the Redemptive Power of Evidence-Based Instruction

Les Miserables: The Impact of Unfavorable Psychology Exam Results and the Redemptive Power of Evidence-Based Instruction

How Do You Solve a Problem Like Cosette? Femininity and the Changing Face of Victor Hugo’s Alouette

This article opens a new dialogue between French literature, gender studies, and adaptation studies by examining the conception and reception of the character of Cosette from Victor Hugo’s bestseller Les Miserables (1862). Adaptation studies has increasingly theorized the comparative rather than simply evaluative use of fidelity, in part encouraged by the ongoing push beyond the customary adaptive media of film. However, there has been little development of this methodology to ask how the relationship between literary works and their adaptations might help to nuance – if not revise – the masculinist notoriety of canonical male writers such as Hugo. Cosette provides an apt test case. She is the modern face of Les Miserables thanks to the hugely popular Boublil and Schonberg musical version (1985) and its trademark logo, which is based on Emile Bayard’s wistful 1879 illustration of her. Cosette’s poster-child status is deeply problematic but has never been explored. Her objectification as the ingenuous alouette (‘lark’) and her rags-to-riches tale tout a conservatism that is at once in line with Hugo’s patriarchal renown as a grand homme and yet at odds with Les Miserables’s reputation for progressive ideals. I argue that both these cliched contexts of understanding Hugo’s work are unsettled by Cosette’s changing faces in the novel and across its adaptations. My approach is twofold: it draws on Hugo’s non-categorical poetics to rethink the construction of femininity in his novel as equivocal rather than patriarchal; and it emphasizes the relevance of applying a hermeneutical and intermedial analysis to the source/adaptation relationship by considering a range of different adaptive forms (literary sequels, film, video-gaming, and animation) and contexts (book illustrations, advertising, and fandom) since the musical’s debut. Understood together, these representations of Hugo’s lark cast much-needed light on one of western literature’s most recognizable faces.

홍난파의 『레 미제라블』 번역 양상과 번역의 계보 고찰

홍난파의 『레 미제라블』 번역 양상과 번역의 계보 고찰

Figurações multimodais com bandeiras nos grafites de Banksy: a arte como protesto sociopolítico

À luz da Linguística Cognitiva (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980 e LAKOFF; TURNER, 1989) e da Teoria da Metáfora Multimodal (FORCEVILLE, 2008, 2009), este estudo tem por objetivo analisar três grafites de Banksy: Sweatshop boy, Les Misérables e Brexit, apresentando os mapeamentos metafóricos e metonímicos que estruturam as suas representações multimodais e monomodais. Adicionalmente, com base no conceito cognitivo de arte (DONALD, 2006) e no conceito de cultura visual como prática social (BARNARD, 1998), demonstraremos que a criatividade metafórica de Banksy não está a serviço simplesmente de uma forma de arte auto expressiva, mas sim fortemente orientada para a crítica social, como é o caso do uso de bandeiras para retratar os modelos sociopolíticos das nações que elas representam. Por último, a partir da concepção de que ARTE É ARMA, apresentaremos a nossa interpretação para cada um dos grafites, mostrando que além de instituírem manifestações da estética elaborada, os grafites de Banksy são sobretudo poderosos instrumentos de protestos sociopolítico.

Feminism is Love: Structural, Romantic, and Marxist-Feminist Themes in Pride and Prejudice and Les Misérables

Abstract: Despite the socially constrictive societies they each lived in, Jane Austen and Victor Hugo demonstrate that Marxist-feminist and related egalitarian beliefs result in stronger romantic relationships. Through the beliefs, actions, and ultimate fates of their characters, Austen and Hugo advocate for matrimonial and broader societal reform. The relationship between feminism and love present in two of the authors’ major works—Pride and Prejudice and Les Miserables—can best be examined by comparing the relationships of feminist couples to those of conforming couples; Elizabeth and Darcy or Marius and Cosette are more feminist and have a stronger relationship than Charlotte and Collins or Jane and Bingley. Ultimately, this research implies that relationships founded on the basis of equality and mutual respect are stronger than those which are not.

Interdisciplinaridade na formação da sensibilidade humanística do jurista e a estereotipação do positivismo e do jusnaturalismo na obra “Os miseráveis”

Considerando os promissores resultados do Direito na Literatura, suas interfaces e conexões, este trabalho busca defender o diálogo interdisciplinar como prática pedagógica na formação da sensibilidade humanística do jurista, tendo como princípio norteador a hermenêutica jurídica e literária. Por meio do método dedutivo, utilizado em pesquisa qualitativa, esta pesquisa engloba a importância da interdisciplinaridade na formação da sensibilidade humanística do jurista, a contribuição da arte literária para o ensino do direito, bem como a análise de dois dos personagens centrais da obra Os miseráveis, de Vitor Hugo, correlacionando-os como estereótipos das concepções positivista e jusnaturalista em relação à lei e a algumas atitudes humanas. Questiona o papel da literatura no ensino jurídico e na constituição do sujeito que ocorre, impreterivelmente, da diversidade, historicidade e sociabilidade. Assumir a postura interdisciplinar do Direito com a Literatura possibilita o rompimento de barreiras que ainda permanecem rígidas, especialmente na tarefa de se repensar o direito e a formação do jurista para além do positivismo jurídico. Portanto, a correlação dessas duas disciplinas, principalmente por se considerar a função emotiva e formadora da Literatura, é uma proposta de estudo interdisciplinar em prol de uma formação jurídica também voltada à formação da sensibilidade humanística do jurista.