Leptobarbus Hoevenii Research Articles

Different levels of the fermented yellow cornmeal in diets for jelawat, Leptobarbus hoevenii

Yanto H, Junianto, Rostika R, Andriani Y, Jusadi D. 2017. Different levels of the fermented yellow cornmeal in diets for jelawat, Leptobarbus hoevenii. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 378-384. This research aimed to determine the optimum level of fermented yellow cornmeal in diets to improve the digestive enzyme activity, material digestibility coefficient, growth and feed efficiency for jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii Bleeker). The experimental treatments respectively used the fermented yellow cornmeal level of A1 (10%), A2 (20%), A3 (30%), A4 (40%), and two control groups of A5 (10% of unfermented yellow corn meal) and A6 (commercial diet). The experimental diets with the same protein (isonitrogenous) and energy (isocaloric) were given to jelawat with an average size of 32.51±0.21 g per fish. The results showed that α-amylase activity and carbohydrate digestibility value of the fermented yellow cornmeal increases along with the increasing feed levels. Protein and lipid of the body, retention of protein and lipid, daily growth rate and feeding efficiency were significantly different from each treatment (P<0.05). The fermented yellow cornmeal containing a level of 30% in the diet was the best for jelawat with an optimum level of 28.21-32.28% for the growth performance and feed efficiency of jelawat.

Addition of Chromium (Cr+3) in the diets containing fermented yellow corn meal on jelawat, Leptobarbus hoevenii

Yanto H, Junianto, Rostika R, Andriani Y, Iskandar. 2017. Addition of Chromium (Cr+3) in the diets containing fermented yellow corn meal on jelawat, Leptobarbus hoevenii. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 214-219. This experiment aimed to find the optimal level of Cr+3 in the diets containing fermented yellow corn meal to increase the growth of jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii Bleeker, 1851). The completely randomized design had five levels of Cr+3, they were A0 (0.52), A1 (1.55), A2 (3.03), A3 (4.52) and A4 (6.04) mg kg-1 in the diet. The source of Cr+3 was CrCl3 6H2O which was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that Cr+3 in diets could activate the insulin and regulate the blood glucose. The fastest increase in blood glucose occurs 5 hours after feeding on Chromium 1.5 mg kg-1. The liver and muscle glycogen, protein and lipid of bodies, protein and lipid retentions, daily growth rate, and feed efficiency were significant (P<0.05). The diet containing Cr+3 1.55 mg kg-1 resulted in the highest for liver glycogen, body protein, body lipid, protein and lipid retentions, daily growth rate and feed efficiency. The Cr+3 level of 1.55 mg kg-1 in the diet contained 30% fermented yellow corn meal and 42.79% total carbohydrate was the best for the growth and feed efficiency of jelawat.

Screening and Empirical Kinetic Models of Collagen Extraction from Selected Malaysian Freshwater Fish

ABSTRACTAcid‐soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin‐soluble collagen (PSC) were extracted from the muscles of selected cultured catfish (hybrid of Clarias gariepinus x Clarias macrocephalus), red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), pangasius catfish (Pangasius sutchi), sultan fish (Leptobarbus hoevenii) and labyrinth fish (Trichogaster trichopterus), freshwater fishes that are widely consumed in Malaysia. The extracted yields for the tested species were higher for PSC as compared with ASC. The catfish contained the highest amount of collagen (PSC) at 368.36 ± 12.05 mg collagen/g muscles. A mathematical description of the principle kinetics involved in collagen extraction was attained using four two‐parametric models, namely the power law, parabolic diffusion, Peleg's and Elovich's models. The power law model was found to be the best model capable of predicting the extraction data with R2 = 0.993, P value = 0.033% and root mean square deviation = 2.605%, respectively.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSUtilization of fish collagen has been favorable over that of mammalian sources, mainly in making more effective use of underutilized resources. The application of acid‐extraction technology to recover and isolate collagen from Malaysian freshwater fish muscles would be able to boost up the commercial values of these cheap and underutilized protein sources while assisting in conservation of these natural resources in Malaysia. Mathematic models proposed in this study were also proven to be successful in governing and describing the kinetics of collagen extraction process.

Myxozoan pathogens of Malaysian fishes cultured in ponds and net-cages

We describe new myxosporean species from Malaysian fishes cultured in pond farms and net-cages. Myxobolus omari sp. nov. and M. leptobarbi sp. nov. were found in the muscles of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Leptobarbus hoevenii, respectively, while plasmodia and spores of Thelohanellus zahrahae sp. nov. and Henneguya daoudi sp. nov. were detected in the gills of Barbonymus gonionotus and Trichogaster trichopterus, respectively. Plasmodia and spores found in these fishes differed from the known myxosporean species in respect of their morphology, tissue tropism and 18S rDNA structure. No major pathological changes were found, but in the future these species might pose a potential threat to more intensified fish culture.

Epizootics of Malaysian cultured freshwater pond fishes by Piscinoodinium pillulare (Schaperclaus 1954) Lom 1981

A series of nine epizootics due to the dinoflagellate Piscinoodinium pillulare is reported from Peninsular Malaysia. Although grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella), jelawat ( Leptobarbus hoevenii), and bighead carp ( Aristichthys nobilis) were infested with this parasite, only lampam jawa ( Puntius gonionotus) was highly susceptible and suffered mass mortalities as a result of a heavy infestation. Water quality parameters were taken from the affected ponds and water inlets. The temperature range of the pond water was 24.5–31.5°C. The pH range was 5.7–6.3 for the inlet water and 5.7–7.4 for the pond water. Ammonia content of the pond water was 0.04–1.50 mg/l. Scanning electron micrographs showed the ovoid globular shape of the trophonts of P. pillulare. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the theca of Piscinoodinium trophonts consisted of three unit membranes with numerous starch granules, lipid droplets and chloroplasts present in the cytoplasm. Clinical signs comprised a rust-coloured appearance of the skin, showing the presence of Piscinoodinium, and a dense covering of mucus. Head and dorsal regions were darker than normal and there were petechia on the body with a slight inflammation at the basal portion of the fins. Histopathological changes were manifested by fusion of the gill lamellae and trophonts were apparent in cavities created by fusion of adjacent lamellae.

Induced spawning techniques practised at Batu Berendam, Melaka, Malaysia

Techniques of induced spawning as practised at Batu Berendam, Melaka, were developed from 1974 to 1986. Early attempts using salmon gonadotropin SG-G100 were found to be effective but very expensive. Alternatively, the technique of hypophysation, that is, injection of either homoplastic or heteroplastic pituitary gland extract, was adopted. Freshly prepared or acetone-pre-served pituitary extracts from mature bighead and silver carp were administered to bighead and silver carp spawners; the extracts were found to be effective and 30 times cheaper than SG-G100. In addition, the use of acetone-dried common carp pituitary extract produced more consistent results. Using this technique, we were able to induce spawning in local as well as exotic carps. More refined human chorionic gonadotropin administered with homoplastic or heteroplastic pituitary extract proved to be equally effective on local as well as exotic carps and catfish. Some of the dosages have been standardized, in particular for bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, local carp, Leptobarbus hoevenii, and striped catfish, Pangasius sutchi. The most recent development is the effective administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog to P. sutchi, either singly or in combination with homoplastic pituitary extract.

Nutritional study of jelawat, Leptobarbus hoevenii (Bleeker), fed on pelleted feed

The digestion coefficients of the nutrients in the ingredients used in formulating the diet (MARDI-37%) for the culturing of jelawat were evaluated. Cr 2O 3 was used as an internal marker for the evaluation of digestibility. The results indicate that jelawat can digest 100% of the protein, fat, carbohydrate and gross energy in fish meal, but only 69.50% protein, 60.70% fat, 73.82% carbohydrate and 59.30% gross energy in soyabean meal. Surprisingly, this fish can digest copra cake meal, an agricultural by-product in Malaysia, better than soyabean meal; the values were 75.36% protein, 98.36% fat, 50.03% carbohydrate, and 73.21% gross energy. Digestibility of maize, rice bran and tapioca was poor in this fish. There were no significant differences in the digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash and gross energy of the reference diet in jelawat specimens whose total length was greater than 12 cm, whereas in fish smaller than 12 cm digestibility was significantly lower.