Lepidiota Stigma Research Articles

Efektivitas Konsentrasi Biopestisida Asap Cair Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap Mortalitas Hama Uret Tebu (Lepidiota Stigma F.)

Indonesia’s The sugarcane white grub (Lepidiota stigma F.) is one of the pests that causes a decrease in sugarcane production. There are several ways to control pests, one of which is using biopesticide made from the liquid smoke of empty oil palm bunches. This research was conducted in January-February 2023 at the Plant Protection Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Production at Jember State Polytechnic. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of biopesticide made from the liquid smoke of empty oil palm bunches in controlling the sugarcane white grub. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of four treatments with six replications, namely 1% concentration, 1.5% concentration, 2% concentration, and 2.5% concentration of biopesticide made from the liquid smoke of empty oil palm bunches. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, and if significant effects were found, further analysis was conducted using the Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. The LT50 was determined using probit analysis. The parameters used were mortality, physical changes, and LT50. The results showed that the biopesticide made from the liquid smoke of empty oil palm bunches had a highly significant effect on the mortality of the sugarcane white grub, with the fastest LT50 value of 98 hours at a concentration of 2.5%.

Enhancing Red Ginger Plant Growth through Eco-Friendly Pest Management: Synergistic Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae and Imidacloprid

This study explores the potential of a more environmentally friendly pest management approach for enhancing the vegetative growth of red ginger plants (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) by mitigating the damage caused by Lepidiota stigma (white grub) larvae. The study was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta from April to August 2022, utilizing a factorial Completely Randomized Design. The application of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae at varying doses (0 g, 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g per 3 kg of planting media) and the systemic insecticide Imidacloprid (either absent or at a dose of 0.02 g per 3 kg of planting media) were the primary factors studied. Each treatment combination, executed on ten plants each infested with one larvae, was repeated thrice. The findings demonstrate that a combined application of M. anisopliae and Imidacloprid could significantly reduce the intensity of white grub damage to red ginger plants and improve their vegetative growth. Notably, a dose of M. anisopliae of 20 g per 3 kg of planting media maximized the plant height, leaf number, and tiller count. The findings highlight the potential of integrating biological and chemical controls for sustainable pest management and crop yield improvement, with broad implications for other similar agricultural contexts.

Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Rahayu S, Triyogo A, Widyastuti SM, Musyafa’, Ardianyah F. 2021. Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2779-2788. The agroforestry system using Falcataria moluccana (Sengon) and Ananas comosus (pineapple) is considered as a profitable intercropping system in Indonesia. To make it viable, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of mixed cropping on the incidence and severity of diseases and pests on Sengon trees and apply management measures. The present study was conducted (i) to assess the pest and disease problems on Sengon trees in the agroforestry system and (ii) to identify the most harmful pathogen/pest which affects the growth and causes mortality of Sengon trees at the beginning of intercropping and after the removal of pineapple from the system. Incidence of pests and diseases were assessed in 3 replicate blocks with one-year-old Sengon trees mixed with pineapple, and in another 3 plots with four-year-old Sengon trees from where pineapple was removed after harvesting. Sengon and pineapple were planted in the plots using alley cropping method with 3 x 4 m2 spacing. The results showed that there were no significant pest and disease problems on pineapple. However, Sengon was infested by the white grub Lepidiota stigma, gall rust caused by the fungus Uromycladium falcatarium, the stem borer Xystrocera festiva, and mistletoe Scurrula sp. However, stem borer and gall rust were the only pest and disease issues recorded in the monocultures of Sengon in Indonesia. The occurrence of stem borer and gall rust disease had a significant effect on the diameter growth of trees and in some instances, these caused mortality of one-year-old trees. Significant mortality of four-year-old trees was caused by mistletoe infestation only. Although the incidence of gall rust and stem borer in the agroforestry system was not significantly low compared to the monoculture, the former had wider spacing between trees, more open canopy and resultant low humidity and faster wind speed reduced the severity of the gall rust disease and stem borer attack. However, the intercropping resulted in the white grub attack on young Sengon trees which calls for application of contaminant-free fertilizers in pineapple plantings.

Virulence of Steinernema spp. an entomopathogenic nematodes Indonesia isolates against larvae of white grub Lepidiota stigma F (Coleoptera: Scarabaediae) in the laboratory condition

Lepidiota stigma (F) (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) is the key pest in sugarcane plantation caused devastated damaged on roots. The objectives of this research are to determine virulence of Steinernema sp, an entomopathogenic nematodes to larvae of L. stigma in laboratory. The Experiment was conducted in the laboratory, Agrotechnolofy Department University of Jember. Filter paper and sand method was used to determined the effective concentration of entomopathogenic nematodes againts larva of white grub.The result showed that all entomopathogenic nematodes able to kill larvae of white grub L. stigma at all level concentration and soil depth. The result also convinced that Steinernema sp. origin from Kediri was more virulence compared with the other isolates.

Biological control of white grubs (Lepidiota stigma L; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) with entomopathogenic nematodes and fungus Metharizium anisopliae (Metsch)

Biological Control Agents (BCA) Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPn) Heterorhabditis spp. and fungi Metarhizium anisopliae have been known to control the major pests of sugarcane and cassava, namely the white grub larvae Lepidiota stigma L. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of biological control agents for controlling three species of pests: L.stigma, Galleria melonella, and Tenebrio molitor. We tracked larval mortality for 24, 48, and 72 hours after the initial inoculation. Similarly, organic fertilizer mixed with the fungus M. anisopliae (in a 25-L pot) was tested on the larvae. The results showed that entomopathogenic nematodes were effective in killing 100% of L.stigma larvae pests, whereas M. anisopliae was only 10% effective. When organic fertilizer was mixed with both biological control agents types (nematode and fungi), mortality of the three larvae species reached 100% at a nematode concentration of 10 IJ-1000 ml. In contrast, M. anisopliae only caused 70% mortality at a concentration of 107 spores-L after 72 hours of inoculation. It was difficult to collect white grub larvae of L. stigma from the field. From May to June, the larvae were present in the ground at a depth of more than one meter in the soil and therefore it was hard to dig them out.

The Diversity of Major Insect Pests at Sugarcane Development Center In Dompu Distrcit, West Nusa Tenggara

Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is a tropical plant that is very important because it can be used as one of the raw materials for making sugar. The development of sugar production in the last ten years has decreased by around 1.8% per year, this is due to several factors, one of which is due to the attack of sugarcane insect pests. Therefore, research was conducted to find out the diversity of important insect pests in sugarcane plants in the center of sugarcane development in the Dompu District. This research was conducted at the Pekat Sub District of Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara. The method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques directly and indirectly in the field at a number of observation points. Based on the observations there were 5 species of insect pests in the research area such as Valanga nigricornis, Locusta migratoria, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Scirchopaga nivella F., and Lepidiota stigma. Insect pests with the highest population and dominance are Ceratovacuna lanigera with an average population of 70 insect/plant and a domination index is 0 .199808. Locusta migratoria has a level of damage with criteria for moderate attack intensity, it is found in sugarcane plants aged 3 months. The results of this study indicate that Scirchopaga nivella F. and Lepidiota stigma F. insect pests have the potential as important pest insects on sugarcane crops

The Characteristics of Acacia mangium Stands at Site 23 B, RPH Maribaya, BKPH Parung Panjang, KPH Bogor which is attacked by pests and diseases

RPH Maribaya, BKH Parung Panjang, KPH Bogor is an Industrial Forest Plantation dominated by A. mangium stands. The characteristics of A. mangium stands is done by calculating the frequency and intensity of pest and disease attacks on A. mangium stands. The method used in this research is referring to the Criteria and Score for Plant Pests / Diseases [1]. The research was conducted on 85 sample trees in 7 plots in the Plot 23b of the RPH Maribaya by Simple Random Sampling. The results of this research indicate that the highest attack frequency on A. mangium is in plot 4 is 80%, and the lowest is in plot 7 which is 0%. The highest attack intensity is found in plot 4 that is 50% and the lowest is in plot 7 which is 0%. The percentage of attack frequency ranges from 20% - 80% (low category) with an average percentage of attack frequency of 41%. The percentage of attack intensity ranged from 20% - 50% (mild category) with an average percentage of attack intensity of 23%. The pests found in A. mangium stands are sac caterpillars (Pteroma plagiophleps.), and the larva of white grub (Lepidiota stigma).

X-ray nano-tomography of complete scales from the ultra-white beetles Lepidiota stigma and Cyphochilus

High resolution X-ray nano-tomography experiments are often limited to a few tens of micrometer size volumes due to detector size. It is possible, through the use of multiple overlapping tomography scans, to produce a large area scan which can encompass a sample in its entirety. Mounting and positioning regions to be scanned is highly challenging and normally requires focused ion beam approaches. In this work we have imaged intact beetle scale cells mounted on the tip of a needle using a micromanipulator stage. Here we show X-ray holotomography data for single ultra-white scales from the beetles Lepidiota stigma (L. stigma) and Cyphochilus which exhibit the most effective scattering of white light in the literature. The final thresholded matrices represent a scan area of 25 × 70 × 362.5 µm and 25 × 67.5 × 235µm while maintaining a pixel resolution of 25 nm. This tomographic approach allowed the internal structure of the scales to be captured completely intact and undistorted by the sectioning required for traditional microscopy techniques.

POTENSI JAMUR ENTOMOPATOGEN Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana dan Streptomyces sp. TERHADAP MORTALITAS Lepidiota stigma PADA TANAMAN TEBU

Tebu merupakan salah satu tanaman yang hanya dapat tumbuh di iklim tropis. Hama dan penyakit tanaman dalam budidaya tidak pernah lepas. Salah satu hama penting tanaman tebu adalah hama uret perusak akar (Lepidiota stigma). Serangan hama tersebut dapat menurunkan hasil produksi tanaman mencapai 50%. Salah satu alternatif terbaik untuk pengendalian hama uret yang aman dan ramah lingkungan dengan menggunakan agensia hayati. Agensia hayati yang digunakan adalah Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana dan Streptomyces sp. Pengembangan agensia hayati untuk pengendali hama, mempunyai potensi dan prospek baik. Hal ini karena bersifat spesifik inang dan tidak berbahaya bagi manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana dan Streptomyces sp. terhadap mortalitas Lepidiota stigma. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 perlakuan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 9 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama empat kali pengamatan dengan interval tujuh hari pengamatan. Kemampuan dari ketiga agensia hayati berbeda-beda dalam mematikan serangga uji. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan persentase mortalitas tertinggi M. anisopliae dengan total mortalitas yaitu 88,89%.

Liquid\u2013liquid phase separation morphologies in ultra-white beetle scales and a synthetic equivalent

Cyphochilus beetle scales are amongst the brightest structural whites in nature, being highly opacifying whilst extremely thin. However, the formation mechanism for the voided intra-scale structure is unknown. Here we report 3D x-ray nanotomography data for the voided chitin networks of intact white scales of Cyphochilus and Lepidiota stigma. Chitin-filling fractions are found to be 31 ± 2% for Cyphochilus and 34 ± 1% for Lepidiota stigma, indicating previous measurements overestimated their density. Optical simulations using finite-difference time domain for the chitin morphologies and simulated Cahn-Hilliard spinodal structures show excellent agreement. Reflectance curves spanning filling fraction of 5-95% for simulated spinodal structures, pinpoint optimal whiteness for 25% chitin filling. We make a simulacrum from a polymer undergoing a strong solvent quench, resulting in highly reflective (~94%) white films. In-situ X-ray scattering confirms the nanostructure is formed through spinodal decomposition phase separation. We conclude that the ultra-white beetle scale nanostructure is made via liquid–liquid phase separation.

Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematode on Sugarcane White Grub Lepidiota stigma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

<p>Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is one of high-value commodities in Indonesia for producing sugar. Sugarcane production recently reduced due to insect pests attacked, mainly white grub Lepidiota stigma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Utilization of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is one of the alternative control methods for sugarcane white grub. The aim of the present<br />study was to select the higher pathogenicity of EPN isolates for controlling the sugarcane insect pest. The study was conducted in Insect Pathology Laboratory of Indonesia Sweeteners and Fiber Crops Research Institute. Nine isolates of EPN, e.g. DKS-1, AGH-1, DKH-1, DKH-5, NH-1, NH-2, PH-1, PH-2, and PH-4 and one untreated control were tested for their pathogenicity against sugarcane white grub, L. stigma. Each treatment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Every treatment consisted of 30 individuals of the third instar of white grub which treated by 2 × 104 infective juvenile or IJ of EPN<br />isolates. Parameter observed was the mortality of sugarcane white grub, L. stigma. The result showed that all of EPN isolates tested were promising pathogenic against the white grub with about 10 to 80% of the average percentage of mortality. However, DKS-1 and PH-1 showed more pathogenic against L. stigma with about 80–90% and 70–80% of white grub mortality,<br />respectively. The highest enhancement of white grub mortality occurred at 72 hours after treatment and it was showed by DKS-1 and PH-1 isolates which increased the percentage of white grub mortality about 57.1 and 50%, respectively. Obtaining the promising isolates of NPS with different host seeking strategies will potentially increase the effectivity of control against white<br />grub with the result to increase the yield of sugarcane.</p>

Pengaruh keragaman jamur Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap mortalitas larva hama Oryctes rhinoceros dan Lepidiota stigma

The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of variant of M. anisopliae on mortality of Oryctes rhinoceros and Lepidiota stigma. Variants ofM. anisopliae to be used were Karimun Jawa, Semarang and Magelang (host O. rhinoceros), and UGM (host L. stigma). The research was arranged in factorial experiment withcompletely randomized design, two factors and three replications.The first factor was type variant of M. anisopliae (V0= control, V1= variant UGM, V2= variant Karimun Jawa , V3= variant Semarang , V4 = variant Magelang), the second factor was type of pest (H1 = larva O. rhinoceros, H2 = larva L. stigma). The results showed that each variant of M. anisopliae had the same ability to control O. rhinoceros and L. stigma in both mortality, spore density, and LT50. O. rhinoceros has higher mortality and spore density than L. stigma, but LT50 both pests were the same. The interaction between O. rhinoceros and M. anisopliae gave the highest mortality, spore density, but the same LT50. Keywords : M. anisopliae, L. stigma, O. rhinoceros, mortality, spore density, LT50.

Effect of Application of Granular Organic Fertilizer Enriched with Boiler Ash and Neem Leaves Powder on Plant Resistance Against Insect Pests

Plant nutrition status could affect plant resistance against insect pests. This researched aimed to study the effect of application of granular organic fertilizer enriched with boiler ash and neem leaves powder on plant resistance against insect pests. Treatment used is kind of organic fertilizer granules (A,B,C) of own products applied with various doses (10 tons/ha, 20 tons/ha, 30 tons/ha). For comparison is a control that uses inorganic fertilizers (Urea 60 kg/ha; TSP 95 kg/ha; KCl 50 kg/ha). Plant tested were caysim against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae and Aphids sp. as well as potato against Lepidiota stigma larvae. The use of fertilizers 10-30 tons/ha can be slightly depressed L. stigma feeding. Lepidiota stigma larvae on unfertilized soil consumed more potato tuber than that of the fertilized soil. Caysim treated with inorganic fertilizers suffered more damaged caused by C. pavonana that that treated with granular organic fertilizer. Population of Aphids sp. on Caysim treated with inorganic fertilizers were higher than that that treated with granular organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can increase plant resistance against pest. Key words: Granular organic fertilizer, plant resistance, insect pests.

Bright-white beetle scales optimise multiple scattering of light.

Whiteness arises from diffuse and broadband reflection of light typically achieved through optical scattering in randomly structured media. In contrast to structural colour due to coherent scattering, white appearance generally requires a relatively thick system comprising randomly positioned high refractive-index scattering centres. Here, we show that the exceptionally bright white appearance of Cyphochilus and Lepidiota stigma beetles arises from a remarkably optimised anisotropy of intra-scale chitin networks, which act as a dense scattering media. Using time-resolved measurements, we show that light propagating in the scales of the beetles undergoes pronounced multiple scattering that is associated with the lowest transport mean free path reported to date for low-refractive-index systems. Our light transport investigation unveil high level of optimisation that achieves high-brightness white in a thin low-mass-per-unit-area anisotropic disordered nanostructure.

PENETUAN ALE DAN AE LARVA LEPIDIOTA STIGMA F PADA TANAMAN TEBU

This research was conducted to determine the value of Economic Injury Level (EIL) and Economic Threshold (ET) for the larvae of Lepidiota stigma instar 1, 2 and 3 in three different locations. The amount of larvae population and plant per m2 in the field, and the weight proportion of the vanished root or to-be-eaten by a larva were needed to determine the loss of result per m2 data on the maximum harvest outcome and the harvest outcome in the field per m2. The highest proportion value of the outcome loss per m2 based on the Walker Model, which has been modified on biological control with Nematode Entomo Patogen (NEP) Steinernema spp. combined with light trap, was in Tempel Sari, i.e. larvae instar 1 (0.0108), instar 2 (0.0174), and instar 3 (0.0221). The lowest value was in Grenjeng, i.e. larvae instar 1 (0.0048), instar 2 (0.0078), and instar 3 (0.0099). There were significant differences among the three instars, where the consumption greediness of instar 3 is higher than instar 1 and 2, so the proportion value of the outcome loss per m2 of larvae instar 3 in the respective locations was higher than that of the two other instars. Determination of EIL value based on the Bode & Calvin Models gave the highest EIL value in Grenjengwith larvae instar 1 in the amount of 15.50 with ET value 12.40, instar 2 in the amount of 9.59 with ET value 7.67, and instar 3 in the amount of 7.54 with ET value 6.03. On the other hand, the lowest EIL value was found in Tempel Sari, with larvae instar 1 in the amount of 6.97 with ET value 5.58, instar 2 in the amount of 4.31 with ET value 3.45, and instar 3 in the amount of 3.39 with ET value 2.71.

Structural optimization for broadband scattering in several ultra-thin white beetle scales

Recent work discovered the remarkable optical scattering properties of the scales of the white beetle Cyphochilus. It was suggested that its brilliant whiteness and brightness were due to optimization of the microstructure within its scales. Here we compare the microstructure of Cyphochilus scales to those of two other white beetles, Lepidiota stigma and Calothyrza margaritifera. Extensive optical modeling and experimental data suggest that each species displays structural optimization designed to maximize optical scatter. Optimization of the scale filling fraction is observed, as well as optimization of scattering center spacing and diameter. Cyphochilus, in particular, displays a high degree of structural optimization, resulting in its bright white appearance.