In this study, we try to extract $\ensuremath{\omega}n$, $\ensuremath{\omega}p$, and $\ensuremath{\phi}N$ scattering lengths from the differential cross-section data of near-threshold $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}$ photoproductions at threshold ${t}_{\mathrm{thr}}$. The incoherent data of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}$ photoproductions on deuterium target for scattering length extractions are provided by the CBELSA/TAPS Collaboration and LEPS Collaboration, respectively, where the deuteron is usually approximated as a weakly bound state of a quasifree neutron plus a quasifree proton. Under the vector meson dominance model and the assumption of energy independence of the differential cross section, we obtained the $|{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\omega}{n}^{*}}|$ and $|{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\omega}{p}^{*}}|$ of loosely bound neutron and proton in the deuteron to be 0.709 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.078 fm and 0.621 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.022 fm, respectively, at threshold ${t}_{\mathrm{thr}}$ for the first time by fitting the near-threshold data of $\ensuremath{\gamma}d$ $\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$ $\ensuremath{\omega}n(p)$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}d$ $\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$ $\ensuremath{\omega}p(n)$. For a comparison study, we also extracted the scattering length $|{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\omega}p}|$ of the free proton from the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ photoproduction on the hydrogen target by the CBELSA/TAPS Collaboration. With the near-threshold and incoherent $\ensuremath{\phi}$ photoproduction data of $\ensuremath{\gamma}d$ $\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$ $\ensuremath{\phi}pn$ by the LEPS Collaboration, we obtained scattering length $|{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\phi}N}|$ of the bound nucleon inside the deuteron to be 0.109 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.008 fm at threshold ${t}_{\mathrm{thr}}$. The obtained $|{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\omega}p}|$ and $|{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\phi}N}|$ are basically in agreement with the experimental indications and the theoretical predictions within the current uncertainties.