Lengthy Tenure Research Articles

“A Fun and Funky Disco Pastiche”: David Crowder Confronts Evangelical Performance Anxiety

Within evangelical communities, “worship” and “performance” are often diametrically opposed, with the latter instantly evoking damning connotations of pretense or artifice. This leads many artists to utilize a strategy of disavowal to legitimize their music-making as worship—erasing the “performance” category in order to highlight the ultimate worshipful aim of their actions. David Crowder, especially during his lengthy tenure with the David Crowder*Band (DC*B), places performative elements front and center through calculated uses of sound in live performances and on recordings. My analysis in this essay will focus on the ways that David Crowder legitimates “performance” as its own distinct musical space, using a dialectical move to navigate the performance/worship problem by emphasizing its divide rather than simply trying to erase it.

A Comparative Analysis of Director Tenure in South Africa and Selected International Jurisdictions

Director tenure attracts attention worldwide and is increasingly being recognised as a crucial element in assessing an external (independent non-executive) director’s independence. Director tenure has recently come under the spotlight in South Africa. Shareholder activists are expressing disapproval of lengthy tenures of directors serving on boards of listed public companies and exerting pressure on long-serving directors to resign from office. This article examines whether the South African corporate governance principles regulating director tenure are adequate or in need of revision. The article examines further the corporate governance practices in leading jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, and India that have recently revised their corporate governance practices. It then makes recommendations for enhancing the South African corporate governance approach to director tenure. It also calls on directors to collaborate with shareholders and independent external experts to examine their approach to director tenure and, if circumstances allow, revise the company’s memorandum of incorporation to limit directors’ tenure or provide for a staggered rotation of directors on the board.

The first Mrs Winnicott and the second Mrs Winnicott: does psychoanalysis facilitate healthy marital choice?

Dr Donald Woods Winnicott, arguably the most famous and influential psychoanalyst since Professor Sigmund Freud, married twice during his lifetime. In 1923, he wed Miss Alice Buxton Taylor, who divorced him after more than a quarter of a century; and eventually, in 1951, he embarked upon a second marriage to Miss Clare Britton, a social worker, with whom he enjoyed a far more stable partnership which lasted until Winnicott’s death in 1971. In this essay, based predominantly on the author’s hitherto unpublished interviews with members of Donald Winnicott’s family and, also, with relations of Alice Winnicott, as well as numerous unpublished archival sources, we reconstruct the nature of these two very different marriages and consider both the conscious and the unconscious attractions which propelled Winnicott towards these two particular women at different phases of his life and during different periods of psychological awareness. Additionally, we examine whether Winnicott’s lengthy tenure as a patient undergoing psychoanalysis, initially with James Strachey, and subsequently with Joan Riviere—both students of Sigmund Freud—may have contributed to Winnicott’s arguably more considered choice of a second wife.

The Canny Scot: Archbishop James Morrison of Antigonish by Peter Ludlow

Reviewed by: The Canny Scot: Archbishop James Morrison of Antigonishby Peter Ludlow Santo Dodaro The Canny Scot: Archbishop James Morrison of Antigonish. By Peter Ludlow. [ McGill-Queen's Studies in the History of Religion, vol. 72.] (Montreal: McGill–Queen's University Press. 2015. Pp. xvi, 330. $34.95 paperback. ISBN 978-0-7735-4498-7.) In The Canny Scot, Peter Ludlow presents a multidimensional characterization of James Morrison (1861–1950), Bishop and Archbishop of Antigonish, Nova Scotia, describing the nature of the man, his life, and his time in history. Ludlow details Morrison's many contributions to the Catholic Church in general and the Diocese of Antigonish in particular, his role as Chancellor of St. Francis Xavier University (StFXU) in strengthening the institution, and his contribution to the establishment of the University's Extension Department and the promotion of the Antigonish Movement. Ludlow portrays Morrison as an exceptional man in exceptional circumstances, intensely private, austere and committed to his faith, but also pragmatic. [End Page 583]As a young priest in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Morrison served as rector of St. Dunstan's College and oversaw the building of St. Dunstan's Cathedral. He took his tasks to heart and refused to cater to special interests, political or otherwise. The term "canny Scot", which was ascribed to Morrison by Father Jimmy Tompkins, reflected his approach in protecting the interests of the Church and the well-being of his parishioners, as well as those of StFXU. Morrison's accomplishments and shortcomings are described within their local and global historical contexts. For example, Ludlow discusses the economic plight of the rural areas of the Maritime Provinces and industrial Cape Breton, as well as the global concerns related to the World Wars and their aftermaths. Ludlow presents Morrison's role in the emergence and spread of the Antigonish Movement as complementary to that of Fathers Moses Coady and Tompkins, stressing his facilitation role; without his willingness to allow priest-professors to participate, the movement may never have occurred. While conservative and fiscally prudent, Morrison understood that action was required ,and it was best to give Coady and the others the freedom to carry it out. Ludlow also notes that Morrison may have 'overstayed' in his role as bishop. Efforts towards encouraging him to retire included granting him the title of Archbishop. Moreover, the appointment of Bishop John R. MacDonald to assist him was not well received by Morrison, who continued to carry out his functions in the same way as before, virtually until his death at age eighty-eight in 1950. The bulk of the narrative (chapters 2 to 5) focuses on Morrison's lengthy tenure as Bishop of Antigonish; a period that coincided with tumultuous global events including two World Wars and the rise of communism, important developments in the Catholic Church, and the emergence and workings of the Antigonish Movement. Nevertheless, he also traces Morrison's life from his birth and early childhood in PEI, which was painfully marked by the loss of his mother in childbirth when he was six years old, through his life as a young man, as a student in Rome, and his ministry as a priest in PEI. These formative years established the foundations of Morrison's character, beliefs, and worldview, while also exposing him to the critical challenges facing the Church during the time, including animosities based along ethnic lines, in the Maritimes, Canada, and worldwide. By the time he left PEI to assume the role of Bishop of Antigonish, Morrison was an erudite, serious, and pragmatic cleric. Chapter 2 describes Morrison's early years as Bishop of Antigonish. His appointment as Bishop is one of an 'outsider' in the face of severe divisions that existed within the Antigonish Diocese. Ludlow describes Morrison's journey of fitting into his new role as bishop and new environment of Eastern Nova Scotia. As a Church Administrator, Morrison exhibited characteristics of a 'workaholic' who adopted an approach guided by professionalism, diplomacy, and political neutrality. His dedication to meeting the needs of rural and industrial workers and immigrants and his commitment to schools and education were consistent with Father [End Page 584]Tompkins' concerns with socioeconomic plight of...

A Festschrift in Memory of James Whiston

This article serves as a preface to the Double-Issue Festschrift which the Bulletin of Spanish Studies has published in memory of James Whiston. Mackenzie assesses Whiston’s lengthy tenure as a General Editor of the journal (2002–2014), recording what he contributed to its editorial management, to its development in content and coverage, and to its worldwide reputation in the field of Hispanic Studies and Researches. In addition, she provides concise commentaries on the more than twenty original articles written for the Festschrift by established scholars in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Europe, Canada and the United States. Apart from the three contributions which make up the Introduction, the articles are to be found, depending on their subject-matter, either in Part I. Pérez Galdós, History, Society and the Novel in Nineteenth-Century Spain and Beyond; or in Part II. Antonio Machado, Poetry, Memory and the Civil War in Spain. Written only a few months before he died, James Whiston’s last article, which Mackenzie also discusses briefly, concerns three Republican poems of the Spanish Civil War and functions, appropriately, as the Epilogue to ‘The Lyf So Short, the Craft So Long to Lerne’: Studies in Modern Hispanic Literature, History and Culture in Memory of James Whiston.

Broader, vaguer, weaker: The evolving ideology of the Caucasus Emirate leadership

ABSTRACTIn October 2007, veteran Chechen field commander Dokka Umarov proclaimed the formation of the Caucasus Emirate (IK), formalising the victory of the North Caucasus insurgency’s Islamist wing over its nationalist-separatists. During Umarov’s time as leader, the North Caucasus experienced sustained violence and the IK claimed responsibility for multiple terrorist attacks in and beyond the region. However, despite the importance of ideology in understanding insurgent behaviour, the IK’s ideology and Umarov’s role in shaping it remain understudied. Using Social Movement Theory’s concept of framing to analyse Umarov’s communiqués throughout his lengthy tenure (June 2006–September 2013), this article identifies three distinct phases in Umarov’s ideological positioning of the insurgency: nationalist-jihadist (June 2006–October 2007); Khattabist (October 2007–late 2010); and partially hybridised (late 2010–September 2013). The article contributes to debates over typologies of jihadist actors by highlighting the difficulties in applying them to the North Caucasus and provides a clearer understanding of the IK’s ideological transformation and the limits to its engagement with external actors. The article also illustrates that weakness was a key factor in explaining that transformation and identifies several avenues for research that could further enhance our understanding of the IK’s ideology and the role it plays.

Jack Michael's Appointments at the University of Houston and Arizona State University: Reflections from a Former Student.

Jack Michael was an early enthusiast for what is now called applied behavior analysis. His many seminal contributions were through early publications in applied behavior analysis and the work of the students he trained (e.g., T. Ayllon, M. M. Wolf). His close mentorship of students earned him acclaim as a teacher along with his many theoretical contributions to the literatures on verbal behavior and motivation, and behavior analysis in general. This paper is a series of personal reflections about Michael's time and contributions at the University of Houston and Arizona State University, which preceded his lengthy tenure at Western Michigan University, where he spent the remainder of his career and is now an emeritus professor.

Patronage and Personal Bonds in the Early Nineteenth Century Green Standards

By 1840, a cohort of Chinese officers with strong personal bonds, forged through shared experiences of war and the patronage of a powerful commander named Yang Yuchun (1762-1837), had come to dominate the upper ranks of the Green Standards, the largely Chinese branch of the Qing (1644-1911) military. This article looks at how these bonds emerged during the Miao Revolt (1795) and White Lotus War (1796-1804) and then were consolidated during Yang Yuchun’s lengthy tenures as provincial commander-in-chief of Guyuan and then Shaan-Gan governor-general. It also explores the discourse through which officers validated the cultivation of personal bonds in the face of a military system designed to prevent the formation of personal loyalties. The article argues that the image of the Green Standards as a largely impersonal military force, in contrast with the “personal armies” of the Taiping War period (1850-1864), needs to be reconsidered.

European Market Reaction to Audit Reforms

On October 13, 2010, the European Commission initiated an extensive consultation with the launch of the ‘Green Paper on Audit Policy: Lessons from the Crisis’, which included a set of proposals, intended to reform the European audit market. We identify 15 events between 2010 and 2014 that increase or decrease the probability of adoption of the proposed audit reforms. Overall we find that investors reacted positively to the proposals, suggesting that investors in European firms perceived net benefits associated with the reforms. We also find that investors’ reactions are dependent on the firms’ prior audit regulation, audit quality and audit cost characteristics. For instance, the market reaction is less positive for firms that prior to the proposals, were already under, or had been under, an audit firm rotation regime (or a joint-audit regime), and whose audit firms already had a ban on non-audit services - consistent with investors expecting less of a net benefit from these EU audit reforms. We also find a positive reaction to the adoption events for firms whose audit firm has a lengthy tenure, receives higher audit fees, or who is in a country with high audit firm concentration, all consistent with investors expecting net benefits from the audit reform proposals. Finally, our results indicate that this regulatory change has implication for US firms whose subsidiaries are listed in Europe.

The Magnificent Mays: A Biography of Benjamin Elijah Mays

John Herbert Roper Sr.'s book is a fitting tribute to Benjamin Mays (1894–1984) and a thorough treatment of the life that Mays brought to us in his autobiography, Born to Rebel (1971). Mays lived a life emblematic of and deeply consequential to a century-long struggle for African American justice and equality. The son of former slaves, Mays witnessed the 1898 Phoenix race riot in Greenwood County, South Carolina, and came of age in the Palmetto state as the veil of Jim Crow descended across the South. Schooled in the values of hard work, education, and Christianity, Mays attended South Carolina State College, graduated from Bates College, and earned his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago Divinity School. Like other striving young African American men of his generation, he worked for a time as a Pullman car porter, even seeking to organize his co-workers before A. Philip Randolph successfully organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. For a time Mays dedicated himself to the work of the Tampa, Florida, Urban League. In the mid-1930s, Mays led the revival of Howard University's School of Religion. He did so as a group of black intellectuals—who W. E. B. Du Bois dubbed the Young Turks—sought to refashion the black struggle for civil rights as a struggle for economic justice, and Charles Hamilton Houston turned the university's law school into a laboratory for civil rights activism. To deepen his understanding of nonviolence as an approach to achieving social justice, Mays visited Mohandas Gandhi in India. In 1941 he began a lengthy tenure as president of Morehouse College, where he mentored a generation of black leaders, most notably Martin Luther King Jr. Although Mays would be viewed by some activists in the 1960s as out of touch with the black power trajectory of the movement, Mays's commitment to black freedom extended deep into the trenches of school integration efforts as chairman of the Atlanta school board in the 1970s.

The Originalist's Dilemma

In response to Anti-Federalist complaints that the Constitution was dangerous because it was ambiguous, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton argued that judges would construe the Constitution in the same manner that they construed statutes, and in the process would fix the meaning of ambiguous constitutional provisions. In other words, the original understanding was that constitutional ambiguities would be resolved, among other means, through adjudication. During his lengthy tenure, Chief Justice John Marshall had ample occasion to fix constitutional meaning, and he presided over a Court that resolved many constitutional ambiguities according to a nationalistic view of the relationship between the states and the federal government. A majority of the current Supreme Court has consistently advanced an account of the original understanding that is substantially more solicitous of state autonomy. The Marshall Court's nationalistic interpretations of the Constitution pose a dilemma for these originalists: either discount the significance of Marshall Court decisions in order to declare an original understanding that values state autonomy, thus risking infidelity to the original understanding of how constitutional ambiguities would be resolved, or accept the nationalistic implications of Marshall Court decisions and risk undervaluing state autonomy in the quest to define the original understanding. This article presents the results of a study of the Court's treatment in federalism cases since 1970 of Marshall Court decisions. The study demonstrates that the Justices in the federalism majority are substantially more likely to discount the nationalistic implications of Marshall Court decisions - or to ignore them altogether - than are the Justices in the dissent, who are significantly more likely to urge fidelity to the spirit of Marshall Court decisions. The study suggests that the Justices, while professing fidelity to the principles of originalism, have not robustly, or at least consistently, adhered to the original understanding of how constitutional ambiguities would be resolved. More important, the study suggests that one of the principal justifications for originalism - that it will constrain the discretion of judges to impose their own views in the course of decision-making - is overstated. In choosing when to treat a constitutional ambiguity as definitively resolved by a decision of the Marshall Court, a Justice can ignore (or accept) pronouncements of that Court according to how well they correspond not only to the Justice's own conception of the original understanding, but also to the Justice's instrumentalist goals.

Classical Music Criticism at the Globe and Mail: 1936-2000

This article is a study of developments in classical music criticism at the Toronto-based Globe and Mail newspaper from its inception in 1936 to the year 2000. Three distinct time-periods are identified, according to content, style and ideology: 1936-1952, a period of boosterism, when critics often saw it as their role to support Toronto's musicians and musical institutions; 1952-1987, when (during the lengthy tenure of critic John Kraglund) the newspaper took a more detached, non-partisan stance towards musicians and musical activities in the city; and 1987-2000, when critics began to address social, political, and economic issues governing classical music, and to question inherited cultural assumptions about the art form.

The Impact of Legislative Tenure and Seniority on General Election Success: Econometric Evidence from U.S. House Races

The last four election-cycles in the U.S. House of Representatives (2004–2010) witnessed two shifts in political party control of that legislative body—from the Republicans to the Democrats in 2006 and then back to the Republicans in 2010. Nevertheless, U.S. House incumbents of both parties running for re-election tended to enjoy a sizeable advantage over their general-election challengers during the period. The advantage is even greater for incumbents who are members of the leadership, key committees, or have lengthy tenure. Our results show that, ceteris paribus, membership in the House leadership is worth on average 6.8 percentage points towards the incumbent’s expected vote-share, and that membership in either of the two top committees is worth an additional 1.3 such percentage points. A ten-term incumbent can expect another 2.0 percentage points of vote share. Lastly, our results also indicate the existence of a wave effect favoring Democratic incumbents in 2006, and a slightly smaller wave effect favoring Republican incumbents in 2010.

Dating the demise: Neandertal extinction and the establishment of modern humans in the southern Caucasus

This paper considers the recent radiometric dating ( 14C-AMS, TL, ESR) of 76 late Middle and early Upper Paleolithic samples from Ortvale Klde Rockshelter, located in the Republic of Georgia. We present a critical evaluation of each date based on its stratigraphic and archaeological context, its pretreatment and contamination history, and its resulting accuracy and precision, the goal being to establish a sound chronology for the site. Only by systematically identifying aberrant dates within a data set and isolating them from further analysis can we hope to understand cultural and biological phenomena on an accurate temporal scale. Based on the strict discard protocol outlined here, we omit 25% of the dated samples from the analysis. The remaining data speak to the lengthy tenure of Neandertals in the region, but also to their relatively rapid demise and the establishment of modern human populations ∼38–34 ka 14C BP (42–39 ka cal BP Hulu). We compare these chronometric data with those from the neighboring sites of Bronze and Dzudzuana caves, as well as Mezmaiskaya Cave, located in the northern Caucasus. While the lack of key contextual information limit our ability to subject these other data sets to the same critical evaluation procedure, they provide the first interregional temporal assessment of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic “transition,” the results of which suggest an initial expansion of modern humans into the southern Caucasus followed by expansion along the Black Sea coast and into the northern Caucasus.

Creating Foster Care Youth Biographies: A Role for the Internet

ABSTRACT Large numbers of youth continue to enter foster care despite federal and state efforts to minimize placement. Some youth will experience lengthy tenure in care with multiple placements and be at risk for adverse events. They are also at risk for losing an accurate biography of their childhoods. We suggest a two-tiered approach to help youth develop a personal history. Agencies can establish a digital depository of basic information including pictures that document the life course of the youth. Agencies can help youth procure e-mail accounts. These e-mail accounts are under the control of the youth and can function as an electronic diary. Thus, youth would have a portable life biography and sense of self over time.

Why Do Some Family Businesses Out–Compete? Governance, Long–Term Orientations, and Sustainable Capability

This article seeks to link the domains of corporate governance, investment policies, competitive asymmetries, and sustainable capabilities. Conditions such as concentrated ownership, lengthy tenures, and profound business expertise give some family–controlled business (FCB) owners the discretion, incentive, knowledge, and ultimately, the resources to invest deeply in the future of the firm. These long–term investments accrue from particular governance conditions and engender competitive asymmetries—organizational qualities that are hard for other firms to copy, and thus, if tied to the value chain, create capabilities that are sustainable. Investments in staff and training, e.g., create tacit knowledge and preserve it within the firm. Investments in enduring relationships with partners enhance access to resources and free firms to focus on core competencies. And devotion to a compelling mission dedicates most of these investments to a core competency. When such investments are farsighted, orchestrated, and ongoing, capabilities will tend to evolve in a cumulative trajectory, making them doubly hard to imitate and thereby extending competitive advantage. Arguments are supported by making reference to the literature on corporate governance and agency theory and to emerging research on FCBs.

Perceptions of auditor independence in Barbados

PurposeThe study investigates the perceptions of auditor independence (PAI) between auditors and users in Barbados.Design/methodology/approachA self‐administered questionnaire was adapted and modified from Beattie et al.'s study in the UK the sample included 66 auditors and 148 users. Factors relating to the size and closeness of Barbadian society, lengthy tenure and being a sole audit practitioner, small audit firm, provision of non‐audit services (NAS) among others, were investigated.FindingsEconomic dependence of auditor on the client, the provision of NAS, high competition, small firm size, being a sole practitioner, lengthy tenure and the size and closeness of Barbadian society were found to negatively affect PAI. Auditor independence was perceived to be enhanced by the existence of audit committees, rotation of audit partners, risks to auditor arising from poor quality, regulatory rights and requirements surrounding auditor change and an auditor's right to attend and be heard at the company's annual general meetings.Research limitations/implicationsOwing to the relatively small sample size and small emerging market, these findings should be interpreted with caution.Practical implicationsThis research serves to inform audit related policies and regulation on the potential threats to auditor independence.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the limited body of research on auditor independence in small developing countries.

La sostenibilidad de la reforma económica en un caso "más probable": Perú

A dominant chief Executive with a lengthy tenure, a rubber stamp legislature and increased business-government collaboration characterized the process of economic restructuring in Peru under Fujimori, and made the country the most likely candidate for deeper economic reforms. Nevertheless, the record of reform efforts was mixed. Departing from the tradition of previous scholarship, this article brings social interests back into the analysis of market transitions. It examines shifting governing coalitions, and the changing character of statebusiness interactions as countries move from the phase of crisis-induced reforms to the phase of consolidation of the reforms. The dominance of different groups across different phases of the economic restructuring process helps to account for the slowdown of the market agenda.

Richard Fox, John L. Sullivan, and the Rise of Modern American Prize Fighting

During the 1880s, National Police Gazette publisher Richard Kyle Fox helped create modern boxing by conducting promotions, offering prize belts, and publicizing the exploits of boxing great John L. Sullivan. Fox used the Gazette not just to chronicle the adventures of buxom showgirls or to sensationalize the latest heinous crime; it also was a pulpit to denounce hypocrites who opposed the modern sport of boxing. Through his tenacity, and good fortune in having the deeds of a legend such as Sullivan to play up, Fox became one of the most influential sports figures of the nineteenth century; and it made him a millionaire. Sullivan was just as fortunate, becoming world famous. This article tells the story of Fox, Sullivan, and the National Police Gazette during part of Fox's lengthy tenure as editor and publisher. The Gazette, while it is perhaps best known for its emphasis on sex and crime as a precursor to today's tabloid journalism, also should be remembered for its unrelenting, early support of professional prizefighting.

Hotel management contracts. Some recent trends in relation to dispute resolution in Australia

Hotel management contracts represent the legal instrument which traditionally defines the duties and obligations of hotel owners and operators. In the 1960s and early 1970s such contracts were written largely in favour of the operator who received a range of fees, entitlements and lengthy tenures under the lease agreement and rarely contributed investment capital. However, in the period 1987 to 1994 as a result of the impact of the world recession on hotel operators and investors, management contracts have been redefined in favour of owners. The change has been characterised by investors and bankers insisting on operators undertaking performance and profitability based clauses, shorter terms of years under the lease, and equity contributions. This paper will emphasise that where disputes between owners and operators have occurred in Australia, litigation has not been generally pursued before the Courts. Indeed, a recent survey of hotel management contracts reveals that dispute resolution clauses and mediation have now become a realistic alternative to the settlement of potentially litigious issues between hotel owners and managers.