Lemon Aromatherapy Research Articles

Kombinasi Swedish Massage dan Aromaterapi Lemon untuk Menurunkan Nyeri Post Sectio Caesarea

Introduction: Artificial delivery with the Sectio Caesarea (SC) procedure can cause pain in the patient. Pain that is left untreated can have a negative impact on both the mother and the baby. Pain management can also use massage or aromatherapy interventions that provide a relaxing effect. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of combined therapy Swedish massage and lemon aromatherapy in reducing post-SC pain. Methods: Quasi-experimental design with two groups pre-post test. This study was conducted at Poso Regional Hospital from October to December 2019. The sample was 32 post-SC patients who experienced pain who were taken using the purposive sampling technique. Swedish massage intervention was carried out 4 times. The pain was measured before intervention and after intervention using the Numeric Rating Scale. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: This study showed that the intervention group with combined therapy Swedish massage and lemon aromatherapy showed a significant reduction in pain scores with a mean after the intervention of 3.19 and in the control group with Swedish massage only the mean value was 3.88, statistical analysis obtained p-value 0.031. Conclusion: The combined therapy Swedish massage and lemon aromatherapy is effective in reducing the pain score of post-SC patients, so it is suggested to be one of the nursing interventions to reduce post-SC pain

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AROMATERAPI LEMON TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTENSITAS NYERI PERSALINAN KALA 1 FASE AKTIF PADA IBU PRIMIGRAVIDA DI BIDAN PRAKTEK MANDIRI (BPM) WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BATU AJI

Background Lemon oil Aromatherapy can improve mood, relax the mind, increase concentration, overcome pain and anxiety. Linalool, one of the substances contained in lemon, is useful to stabilize the nervous system so that it can cause a calm effect for anyone who inhales it. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of lemon aromatherapy on the reduction of labor pain intensity of primigravida mothers active phase I This research methodapplied posttest only control group design, conducted at BPM, Puskesmas Batu Aji Work Area on February-July 2018 with a total population of 3872 pregnant women and a sample of 60 respondents, sampling applied Accidental Sampling with a sample of 30 experimental groups and 30 control groups. Data was analyzed using test analysis techniquesT-Test. The results of the study found that the mean reduction in pain intensity in the control group 1.60 ± 0.498 and in the experimental group 0.50 ± 0.509 from 30 respondents in the control group and 30 experimental groups experienced a decrease in pain 1.1, then the results of the T-Test test p-value value 0,000 (p <0,05). The conclusionof this study there is the effect of lemon aromatherapy on reducing the intensity of labor pain. Suggestions Respondents are expected to apply aromatherapyfor maternal mother and community as an alternative treatment for people who experience labor pain .

The Effect Of Lemon Oil Aromaterapy Inhalation On Emesis Gravidarum In Trimester Pregnant Women I

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy causes the mother to become weak, pale, and decrease body fluids. Lemon oil is one of the herbal oils that is considered a safe drug in pregnancy, according to a study 40% of women used lemon aromatherapy to relieve nausea and vomiting and 26.5% reported being effective for controlling nausea and vomiting symptoms. This study was to determine the effect of inhalation of lemon oil aromatherapy on emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant women. By using the literature study method, an analysis was carried out on the results of searching journals and articles with a review of existing theories. This study revealed that there was an effect of giving inhaled lemon aromatherapy on morning sickness in pregnant women.

Effectiveness of Warm Water Compress With Lemon Aromatherapy and Lavender Aromatherapy Against Primary Dysmenorrhea Pain Levels

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that occurs since menarche without the presence of pathology in the pelvis that causes disruption of daily activities and decreases the quality of life. Improved blood circulation and aromatic odors can reduce pain. in this study to find out the effectiveness of warm water compresses and lemon aromatherapy with lavender aromatherapy against the level of primary dysmenorrhea pain in young women.Methods: Pre-Experiment with One Group Pre - Post-test design approach. The sampling technique of this study is accidental Sampling. The subjects of this study were 37 young women who suffered from dysmenorrhea and met the criteria. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test and the Whitney Mann test.Result: research shows Sig Value. (2-tailed) = 0.001. Then the value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.05 (0.00 0.05) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted which can mean that warm water compress and lemon aromatherapy with warm water compress and lavender aromatherapy are effective against decreased dysmenorrhea pain.Conclusion: From the results of the study can be concluded warm water compress and aromatherapy lemon is more effective to reduce dysmenorrhea pain in young women

Pengaruh Aromaterapi Lemon (Citrus) terhadap Skala Nyeri Dismenorea pada Mahasiswi Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan STIKes Baiturrahim Jambi

Dysmenorrhea is a complaint that is often experienced by women during menstruation. Pain management can be done with complementary measures, one of which is by giving lemon aromatherapy (citrus). Lemon aromatherapy contains limonene which can inhibit prostaglandins thereby reducing pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of Lemon Aromatherapy (Citrus) on dysmenorrhea pain scales at students nurse study program the college health science BaiturrahimJambi.This study was conducted by pre-experimental method with a one- group-pre-test-post-test design conducted at the respondent's home. The respondents were 20 females students who experienced dysmenorrhea. This study was conducted on June - July 2020. This study its mean before administration was 4.45 and after administration the mean was 3.25. Based on the results of statistical analysis using the Paired t test, the p-value was 0,000 (p&lt;0.05).It can be concluded that there is an influence of lemon aromatherapy (citrus) on dysmenorrhea pain scales at students nurse study program the college health science Baiturrahim Jambi

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GIVING AROMATERAPY LEMONS AND GINGER DRINKS TO REDUCE EMESIS GRAVIDARUM ON PREGNANT WOMEN TRIMESTER I IN BPM YUSIDAH EDWARD PALEMBANG IN 2018

Many pregnant women experience emesis gravidarum in the first trimester. Nausea vomiting can be treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, one of which is aromatherapy lemon which has an effect on the inhaler, such as calmness and freshness of the body so that it can reduce nausea and vomiting. In addition, ginger drinks also include non-pharmacological drugs, ginger has a fragrant aroma that can refresh the body ,and the oloresin can warm the body so that it can reduce nausea vomiting. The aim of this study is to find out the application of lemon aromatherapy and ginger drinks to reduce emesis gravidarum in pregnant women and to find out the frequency distribution before and after the application of aromatherpy lemon and ginger drinks to reduce emesis gravidarum trimester I. The method of this study was a one group pre-post-test pre-experiment research and used the Wilcooxon test statistic test. This study obtained interviews through direct observation sheets. The results of administration were given to 15 respondents of lemon aromatherapy and 15 respondents of ginger drinks done twice a day for 3 to 7 days. The amount of nausea and vomiting was taken through average value before and after administration of lemon aromatherapy and ginger drinks. The conclusion of this study is that Aromatherapy lemon and ginger drinks were proven to reduce emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant women in Yusidah Edward Palembang BPM in 2018. Hopefully there are some researches that related to other kinds of aromatherapy that useful for pregnancy

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AROMA TERAPI LEMON ELEKTRIK TERHADAP MUAL DAN MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I

&lt;span lang="IN"&gt;Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are the most common conditions of pregnancy women, it happens between 5 to 8 pregnancy weeks . The aim of this study was to determine The Effectiveness of Aroma Electric Lemon Therapy toward Nausea and Vomiting of the First Trimester Pregnant Women in BPM "R" Bukittinggi 2019. This study used experiment with one-time pretest posttest. It was conducted on october 2019. The populations and samples were 15 respondents. The data were collected through observation by using observation sheet and it was analyzed by frequency distribution and T-test statistical tests with Confidence Interval 95% or α 0,05. The results of the statistical test showed that the average value before was 5.27 and after was 3.27. The average difference before and after given lemon electric aromatherapy was 2.000 with p = 0.005 It means that, there is an effect of electric lemon aromatherapy. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that electric lemon aromatherapy was also effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. Based on this, it is expected that pregnant women could independently apply this therapy.&lt;/span&gt;

The Effect of Citrus lemon Aromatherapy on Emesis Gravidarum Patient

This research aimed to know the effect of citrus lemon aromatherapy on patients with emesis gravidarum. This quasi-experimental research was done through One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Samples were taken using total sampling which was 30 pregnant mothers in their first trimester experiencing nausea. The measurement tool used in this research was PUQE. The normality test of this research was carried out by using the skewness and kurtosis value in which it resulted in normal distribution so that the statistical test used was Paired T-test. The research found that the average of morning sickness level during the pretest was 9.57 while after the intervention it decreased to 6.40. In addition, the statistical result obtained was p=0.000. It can be concluded that the provision of citrus lemon aromatherapy can affect the patients with emesis gravidarum.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INHALASI LEMON TERHADAP PENGURANGAN MUAL MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I DI PMB LESTARI CILEUNGSI KABUPATEN BOGOR TAHUN 2019

Penatalaksanaan mual dan muntah pada kehamilan terdiri atas farmakologi non farmakologi, dan komplemeter. Terapi non farmakologi merupakan jenis terapi keperawatan komplementer yang dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi untuk mengatasi mual diantaranya aromaterapi lemon.Tujuan penelitian membuktikan pengaruh pemberian inhalasi aromaterapi lemon terhadap pengurangan mual dan muntah pada ibu hamil trimester I di PMB Lestari tahun 2019. Penelitian ini jenis kuantitatif menggunakan pendekatan pre eksperimental one grup pre test and post test. Populasi penelitian adalah jumlah keseluruhan ibu hamil trimester I yang mengalami mual muntah 22 orang. Teknik sampling penelitian ini purposive sampling. Uji statistik menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon.Hasil Analisis menunjukkan yang mengalami kenaikan mual muntah tidak ada (0b), serta yang menetap mual muntah tidak ada (0c).Hasil nilai signifikansi p=0,000 berarti ada pengaruhnya. Simpulan penelitian adalah terjadi penurunan dan terdapat pengaruh setelah pemberian inhalasi aromaterapi lemon terhadap mual muntah pada ibu hamil trimester I. Saran pada penelitian diharapkan agar petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan inhalasi aromaterapi lemon sebagai asuhan komplementer pada ibu hamil trimester I yang mengalami mual muntah .&#x0D;

EFEK INHALASI AROMATERAPI LEMON, JAHE DAN KOMBINASI TERHADAP FREKUENSI MUAL MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I

The pregnancy period in a woman's body experiences many changes or adaptations due to fetal growth needs . Various adaptations during pregnancy are adaptations of physiology to the digestive system, endocrine system and adaptations of psychology. Nausea vomiting are normal in pregnancy which occurs around 50-90 % of pregnant women experience nausea in the first trimester. Nausea vomiting in pregnant women will be better if it is able to overcome the problem of nausea in early pregnancy by using non-pharmacological supplementary therapy. Nonpharmacological therapy is non-instructive, non-invasive, inexpensive, simple, effective, and without adverse side effects. Non - pharmacological therapy can be done by giving aromatherapy. The purpose of this study is to prove the comparison between the lemon, ginger and combination aromatherapy inhalation intervention to decrease nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. The design of this study used Quasi Experiment Pre-Post Test Design. The number of research samples for each group is 10 respondents.The purposive sampling research technique.The measuring instrument used a standard questionnaireRhodes INVR.Data analysis using Wilcoxon test and Kruskal Wallis test. The results showed that there were differences in the Mean rank before and after aromatherapy lemon inhalation interventions, inhalation of ginger aromatherapy, and combination against the frequency of nausea vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. The highest pre-post mean rank is the combination of aromatherapy inhalation interventions is 17,60 and post 18.20. It can be concluded that combination intervention is more effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women. Keywords: Lemon aromatherapy , Ginger aromatherapy , Nausea vomit ingin first Trimest er

The Effectiveness of Acupressure Therapy and Aromatherapy of Lemon on the Ability of Coping and Emesis Gravidarum in Trimester I Pregnant Women at Langsa City Community Health Centre, Aceh, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Acupressure therapy and aromatherapy lemon are now increasingly popular in the treatment of various diseases in Indonesia. One treatment alternative to deal with nausea, vomiting during pregnancy is to use aqua-pressure and aromatherapy techniques.&#x0D; AIM: Analyzing the effects of acupressure therapy and the aroma of lemon therapy on the ability to cope and emesis gravidarum in trimester I pregnant women at the city health center Langsa, Aceh province.&#x0D; METHODS: The design of this study is a quasi-experiment. The design used was a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. This research was conducted in the West Langsa health center from January to March 2019. The population was all the first-trimester pregnant women with complaints of nausea and vomiting. The sample was chosen about 60 people using a purposive sampling technique. Respondents were divided into three groups. The first group was acupressure, the second group was acupressure + lemon aromatherapy and the third group was control. Data analysis using univariate analysis, and bivariable analysis using paired t-test, dependent t-test and one-way ANOVA, multi-variable analysis using a multi-covariance test, and ANOVA&#x0D; RESULTS: Research results show that acupressure and acupressure + lemon therapy are effective in reducing nausea experienced by pregnant women. Lemon acupressure + aromatherapy therapy significantly reduced nausea in pregnant women with a p = 0.0001 (p &lt;0.05). The results of paired t-test nausea and vomiting in the acupressure and acupressure + lemon aromatherapy groups decreased the amount of nausea with a decrease of 4.2 and 4.85, respectively. The duration of nausea and vomiting also decreased by 1.55 and 4.3 with a p = 0.0001 (p &lt;0.05). ANOVA test results in the treatment group on coping ability showed that the acupressure + lemon aromatherapy group increased the coping ability of pregnant women by 5.7 compared to the control group. The results of paired t-test coping abilities in pregnant women with acupressure therapy were 3.2 and lemon acupressure + aromatherapy treatments were 6.2. The increase in both treatments was significant with a p = 0.0001, respectively.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: There is an effect of grapefruit aromatherapy on the intensity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the working area of Langsa City Health Center with p &lt; 0.05 (0.0001).

Perbedaan Terapi Guided Imagery Dan Aromaterapi Lemon Terhadap Nyeri Pada Ibu Post Section Caesarean

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GUIDED IMAGERY THERAPY AND LEMONAROMATHERAPY ON PAIN IN POST SECTION CESAREAN MOTHER1Etika rahmah dewi, 2Happy Dwi AprilinaABSTRACT Background: Section caesarean is an act of surgery or an artificial labor whose purpose is to remove the baby by opening the mother's stomach and uterus with the incision of the mother's uterus intact. Section caesarean can cause unpleasant conditions because it makes the mother feel uncomfortable and afraid to mobilize and engage in activities. The use of pharmacological techniques to reduce pain can be combined with non-pharmacological techniques. A non-pharmacology technique that can be conducted is guided imagery therapy and lemon aromatherapy.Objective: Knowing the differences between guided imagery therapy and lemon aromatherapy therapy on Section Caesarean pain in respondents in RSUD Ajibarang after being given guided imagery therapy and lemonaromatherapy therapy.Method:A quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design with two group pretest-posttest with design was used in this study. The target of this study in post section caesarean women was divided into two groups. They were selected by purposive sampling technique. The pretest was taken in the form of initial measurements and posttest was in the form of final measurements after treatment by using Mann Whitney test.Result: The result showed that the difference between guided imagery therapy and lemon aromatherapy therapy which were given to 38 respondents for 1x24 hours for 10 minutes revealed that the intensity of the respondent pain scale decreased.Conclusion: After being given a nursing intervention about provision of lemon aromatherapy for respondents, it can be concluded that the provision of lemon aromatherapy is more effective to reduce pain scale than guided imagery therapy.

EFEKTIFITAS AROMATHERAPY LEMON TERHADAP PENGURANGAN NYERI PERSALINAN, LAMA PERSALINAN KALA II DAN FETAL OUTCOME DI KLINIK HENI KASIH

Abstract&#x0D; Pain is an unpleasant and complex condition. The fear of labor pain causes a reduction in blood flow and oxygen to the uterus giving rise to uterine inertia (inadequate contraception). Lemon aromatherapy has anesthetic, analgesic and sedative effect. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy on pain reduction, length of labor and fetal outcome. The design of this study used a quasi experimental design with a one group approach, measurements were taken in one group given treatment by giving lemon aromatherapy and comparing the second group as a control not given aromatherapy lemon. The population of all women giving birth at the Heny Kasih clinic. The sample in this study was taken by purposive sampling. The research sample consisted of 30 women giving birth, 15 giving birth treatment and 15 giving birth as a control group. Sampling was carried out with inclusion criteria, namely in the first phase of active phase, physiological labor, willing to be the subject of research, single pregnancy, presentation of the back of the head, and not yet receiving pharmacological therapy. Data analysis was done by looking at the differences in the 2 variables because the data were not normally distributed then the statistical tests used were Mann Whitney. The results of research on the effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy on labor pain p = 0.019 where the value of p &lt;0.005, the second time showed no effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy on the second time p = 0.451 greater than p = 0.005 in the fetal outcome showed no effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy against fetal outcome p = 1,000 is greater than p = 0.005.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Aromatherapy, Lemon, Labor_Pain, Time_of _kala II, Fetal_Outcome

Efektivitas Aromaterapi Lemon untuk Mengatasi Emesis Gravidarum

Symptoms that often arise in the early months of pregnancy are nausea followed by vomiting (emesis). The content of Linalil in lemon aromatherapy is useful for normalizing the emotional state and unbalanced state of the body and functions as a sedative. The pungent odor caused by geranil acetate can stimulate the release of hormones that can calm and cause feelings of calm and affect the physical and mental changes of pregnant women so that complaints of nausea and vomiting are reduced.The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy in overcoming the emesis of gravidarum. This type of research is quasy-experimental, in the form of Pretest-Postest with Control Group Design. Retrieval of research data using a closed questionnaire with Rhodes Index of Nausea Vomiting and Retching (INVR). Sampling with a total sampling of 46 patients was divided into 3 groups, namely 0.1 ml / 0.2 ml / 0.3 ml aromatherapy intervention. Processing data using ANOVA test.The results of the study state that there is no difference in the effectiveness of each dose of lemon aromatherapy in overcoming the emesis of gravidarum. Descriptively, there was a difference in changes in the score of nausea and vomiting in each dose group, namely 7; 17; 20.The results of this study are expected to be used as input for the Head of the Health Office in establishing policies on herbal medicine as a substitute for pharmacological drugs so that midwives can use alternative therapies to overcome complaints of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. For companies herbal medicine can be used as a discourse to create herbal products, especially lemon aromatherapy with varied doses and affordable prices as a therapy to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnant women

Ginger and Lemon Aromatherapy To Relieve Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) are amongst the most common complaints of women during pregnancy, up to 80% of women have experienced various degrees of it. NVP impact on the quality of life, social and general well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ginger and lemon aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). This study was randomized control trial in which 90 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting before 16 age gestation who had eligibility criteria. They were randomly divided into ginger, lemon and placebo groups. Women were asked to record their nausea and vomiting for 7 days by form of PUQE-24, in first three days they were advised to adjust their diet and then received aromatherapy for four days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Chi Square and Wilcoxon test. PUQE total scores before and after intervention in the ginger, lemon and placebo groups were 7.67 ± 2.304 vs. 6.85 ± 1.575, P = 0.000; 7.16 ± 1.598 vs. 5.50 ± 1.448, P = 0.000 and 6.70 ± 1.787 vs 5.50 ± 1.803, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; value 0.00. Ginger and lemon essential oil were equally effective in reducing pregnancy nausea and vomiting.

Aromaterapi Lemon Menurunkan Mual Muntah pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I

Nausea vomiting (Emesis gravidarum) is most commonly complaint occur in pregnant women by 50-90%, with 2% ending into excessive nausea vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum) that can harm the mother and fetus. One of the safest non-pharmacological therapies to be given to nausea moms of vomiting during pregnancy is lemon aromatherapy. The objective of this study was to know the effect of lemon aromatherapy in decreasing nausea at the first trimester gravid. The method were used in this research is pre experimental with the design of One Group Pre-Post Test Design. The population the first trimester gravida who experienced nausea vomiting using consecutive sampling technique that fulfilled the inclusion criteria amounted to 36 respondents. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test with α = 0,05. The results showed that the scale of nausea vomiting at the first trimester gravid before giving aromatherapy Mean + SD 23,33 + 3,913 while after giving aromatherapy Mean + SD 13,67 + 4,071. Result of Wilcoxon Sing Rank Test with significance level α = 0,05 got p = 0.0001 (P &lt;α 0,05) then H1 accepted and H0 rejected. Conclusions of the study showed that lemon aromatherapy had significant effect in reducing nausea vomiting in the first trimester gravid. Suggestion for health officer (midwife) can apply alternative therapy of lemon aromatherapy to reduce and overcome nausea vomiting and can be developed for more research about complementary therapy to overcome nausea vomiting.

Pengaruh Aromaterapi Lemon terhadap Penurunan Skala Nyeri Pasien Post Operasi Laparatomi

&lt;p&gt;The operation 2012 in Indonesia reached 1.2 million (WHO in Sartika, 2013). Based on the National Health Data Tabulation of the Republic of Indonesia in 2009, surgical procedures occupy the 11th outline of the first 50 treatment of disease patterns in hospitals in Indonesia, which is estimated to be 32% of which are laparotomy (RI Ministry of Health, 2009). Previous data obtained from the MOH report (2007) states that cases of laparotomy operations continued to increase, from 162 in 2005 to 983 cases in 2006 and 1,281 cases in 2007. Complications in post-laparotomy patients were severe pain, bleeding, even death. Pain management is done by pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques. In patients who experience mild pain up to the treatment can be done with non-pharmacological techniques. Non-pharmacological actions include aromatherapy using lemon oil essence. Based on the description above, researchers are interested in conducting research. This study aims to determine. This type of quantitative method research uses a quasi-experimental design with a one group pre-test post-test design approach. Sampling techniques using accidental sampling techniques were 32 respondents. Data collection uses measurements of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Statistical test using Wilcoxon signed ranked test. The results of this study concluded that there were differences in pain intensity in patients post laparotomy surgery before and after lemon aromatherapy was given with p-value 0.000. Based on the conclusions of the results of the study, the authors suggest that hospitals can consider the use of lemon aromatherapy to treat pain in post-laparotomy patients using existing standard operating procedures.&lt;/p&gt;

Pengaruh aromaterapi inhalasi lemon terhadap penurunan nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif

This research to describe the effects of lemon aromatherapy inhalation on the reduction of first stage labor pain in the active phase. The study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test non equivalent control group design. Mann-Whitney bivariable analysis and linear regression for multivariable analysis. The result of this study was average of labor pain in aromatherapy group was 4.74 + 1.327 wich is lower than control group 5.79 + 1.316. Result of Mann-Whitney test is P 0.001 &lt; 0.05. External variables which influence the labor pain was anxiety  with the value of P &lt; 0.05. There is inhaled lemon aromatherapy effect on reducing first stage labor pain in active phase.Â