Leisure-time Activity Research Articles

Physical Activity of the Population of the Most Obese Country in Europe, Hungary.

Introduction: Physical activity is inversely proportional to mortality, so it has an important role in disease prevention. The aim of our study was to characterize the physical activity of Hungarians, the most obese population in Europe.Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study the physical activity of the Hungarian population was characterized in a sample (n = 1,295) which was representative of the sex, age and geographical location of the adult population aged 18 years and above by using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) as an instrument. Based on the metabolic equivalent (MET) rates three categories of physical activity (low, moderate, and high) were defined. Two-step cluster analysis was used to explore physical activity characteristics of participants using sex, age, settlement type and BMI categories as categorical variables, and MET values related to the Work, Transportation, Domestic and Garden, and Leisure Time domains of physical activity as continuous variables.Results: The study showed that 63.39% of the adult Hungarian population took part in high, and 24.78% in moderate activity, and only 11.73% of the sample belonged to the category of low physical activity. By cluster analysis six clusters of people with typical lifestyles could be identified in the Hungarian adult population. In all the six groups participants achieved moderate or high activity levels through work and housework. Physical activity in relation to transportation is very low, similarly to leisure-time sporting activities. In the case of elder people, severe overweight/obesity problems can be detected in married city-dwellers.Discussion: Although Hungary has the highest obesity rate in Europe our research has proved that Hungarians lead physically active lives. The dominant forms of their physical activity are linked to work and housework. Our findings draw attention to the need to examine other risk factors in addition to physical inactivity. Our findings also suggest that the type of physical activity should be more severely considered when defining factors protective against obesity.

Physical Fighting and Leisure Activities among Norwegian Adolescents\u2014Investigating Co-occurring Changes from 2015 to 2018

After many years of decline in violent behavior among adolescents in several Western countries, recent official statistics indicate a possible trend change. So far, knowledge on how this change is related to co-occurring changes in leisure time activities is limited. Using two cross-sectional surveys from Oslo, Norway, this study found substantial increases in the prevalence of physical fighting from 2015 (N = 23,381; 51.6% girls) to 2018 (N = 25,287; 50.8% girls) in junior and senior high school. The rise in fighting was related to co-occurring changes in several leisure activities, including increasing time spent unsupervised by adults, rising digital media use, and rising cannabis use. The study emphasizes the importance of considering leisure time activities when addressing adolescent misbehavior.

Images of Leisure and Outdoor Activities in the 1930s: A Mixed Archive Sources Methodology

In Sweden, leisure time and outdoor activities were important parts of the 1930s welfare society. The aim of this study is to examine the usefulness of some different source categories in the Nordic Museum’s collections and to complement representations of 1930s ideals about health, leisure time and outdoor activities. The article is written within the scope of the Nordic Museum and Stockholm University research project Images and Stories of Everyday Life. With digitising as an overall purpose, the project focuses on two categories of source material in the museum collections—the responses to the museum’s questionnaires and the photograph archive of the Swedish photographer Gunnar Lundh. Methodologically, around 400 questionnaire responses and 2,000 contact sheets have been looked at, with the aim of finding relevant representations of people’s leisure time and outdoor life in the 1930s. A selected number of questionnaires are analysed, and regarding the photographs, four series are analysed and represented by a selected number of photos. Series of photos on Gunnar Lundh’s contact sheets are essential, as they add knowledge beyond the individual photo. The combination of sources used in the article supports that holidays and outdoor life were part of urban people’s lives, while for rural people it was not easily combined with living conditions in agriculture. These results are reflected in the museum’s source material as well as in official government reports, earlier studies and historical sources. Although there is quite a large difference between the source categories, this study shows that the museum material, including evaluation of sources, makes it possible to broaden the image of Swedish people’s outdoor activities in the 1930s. The bricolage research method indicates that combinations of sources enlarge the image of different groups’ relationships to outdoor life.

Management of small retention ponds and their impact on flood hazard prevention in the Slovenske Gorice Hills

One of the methods of water resource management is to construct small retention ponds. Within the framework of the “Possible ecological control of flood hazard in the hilly regions of Hungary and Slovenia“ project the management of small ponds and their impact on flood prevention were studied in selected catchments. Data on pond management were gathered from interviews with pond owners. In a pilot study, we conducted an inventarisation and classification of all retention ponds. Primarily they were constructed for more specific use: fishing, irrigation, watering livestock. These functions have been gradually replaced by leisure-time activities, aesthetics, and tourism. Spring, stream and rainfall-fed ponds prevail in the pilot area and reduce the flood risk. Due to the increased variability of precipitation patterns ponds are also becoming an important measure to limit drought consequences at a local level.

Goal Attainment Scaling Rehabilitation Improves Satisfaction with Work Activities for Younger Working Patients After Knee Arthroplasty: Results from the Randomized Controlled ACTION Trial.

Background:Knee arthroplasty (KA) is increasingly performed in relatively young, active patients. This heterogeneous patient population often has high expectations, including work resumption and performance of knee-demanding leisure-time activities. Goal attainment scaling (GAS) may personalize rehabilitation by using patient-specific, activity-oriented rehabilitation goals. Since unmet expectations are a leading cause of dissatisfaction after KA, personalized rehabilitation may improve patient satisfaction. We hypothesized that, compared with standard rehabilitation, GAS-based rehabilitation would result in younger, active patients having higher satisfaction regarding activities after KA.Methods:We performed a single-center randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients were <65 years of age, working outside the home, and scheduled to undergo unicompartmental or total KA. The required sample size was 120 patients. Using GAS, patients developed personal activity goals with a physiotherapist preoperatively. These goals were used to monitor patients’ goal attainment and provide goal-specific feedback during postoperative outpatient rehabilitation. Standard rehabilitation consisted of regular outpatient physiotherapy visits. The primary outcome measures were visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (scale of 0 to 100) for satisfaction regarding activities of daily living and work and leisure-time activities 1 year postoperatively, which were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models.Results:Patient satisfaction with work activities was significantly higher in the GAS group (β = 10.7 points, 98% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 19.4 points) than in the control group. Patient satisfaction with activities of daily living and leisure-time activities did not differ between groups. We found no differences in VAS satisfaction scores between unicompartmental KA and total KA.Conclusions:Personalized, goal-specific rehabilitation using GAS resulted in higher patient satisfaction with work activities, compared with standard rehabilitation, 1 year after KA.Level of Evidence:Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Health behaviors (HBs) among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors.

e24044 Background: HNC affects more than 59,000 Americans annually and is mediated by HBs both in terms of etiology and long term outcomes. Health behaviors in this population, however, have not been well described. This project describes HBs as a first step in developing appropriate interventions to improve health and, ultimately, outcomes among HNC survivors. Methods: Potential participants were identified through the tumor registry at the Abramson Cancer Center as well as affiliated sites. Eligibility included: a) Diagnosis and treatment of HNC; b) Aged 18 to 70 years; c) more than 1 year post-diagnosis; d) Confirmation of human papillomavirus (HPV) status; e) Ability to understand written English. Potential participants were sent an explanation of the study, informed consent, a self-reported questionnaire, and a self-addressed stamped envelope for return of materials. HBs included items recommended by Glasgow et al. assessing diet, aerobic activity, strength-flexibility, leisure time activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and access to a physician. Results: 451 individuals were found to be eligible and approached. 102 (23%) agreed to participate and usable data were collected from 93 participants. The sample was predominantly white (96%), male (80%), middle aged (M = 59 yrs), married (82%), college educated (63%), and 63% reported an annual income of greater than $100,000. 74% were HPV positive. Although current smoking was rare (7%), historical use of tobacco was common (48%). Current alcohol use was also common (65%) with an average of 12 days per month in which alcohol was consumed. Participants reported an average of 2.1 drinks per day. Binge drinking was reported by 22% of those who drank, with an average of 3.5 binge drinking sessions per month. Scores on our measure of nutritional behavior range from 0-16 with lower scores indicating better nutrition. The sample mean was 7.1. According to body mass index (BMI) 59% were overweight or obese. With respect to the overall sample, 59% reported adequate aerobic exercise and 64% adequate strength and flexibility. In terms of leisure time activity, 18% would be classified as sedentary, 19% as moderately active, and 64% as active. All participants reported having a current primary care physician and 92% reported having had a physical examination in the previous 12 months. Conclusions: Binge drinking and BMI appear to be the most common negative HBs in this population, although there remain opportunities to improve dietary and exercise behaviors, as well.

Cardiac Rehabilitation: Evaluation of a Long-Term Programme of Physical Training for Out-Patients

A community-based long-term cardiac rehabilitation programme (LTP) has been designed for patients who had completed a two-year hospital-based physical training programme after myocardial infarction (MI) and wished to continue with community-based group training sessions. Since the start of LTP 20% of all patients in a consecutive MI population less than 65 yrs have participated. The programme operates on a low-cost base. Its feasibility is supported by a high attendance rate and by the absence of adverse effects during more than 2,000 patient training hours. In order to evaluate LTP 20 participating MI patients were compared with 20 matched control patients, who had completed the hospital-based training, but did not participate in LTP. The main reason for participation was the need for continued group support and social contact (15/20). Reasons for not participating were preference to exercise at home (10/20), long distance (6/20) and working hours (4/20). When compared with the data of the hospital-based programme one year post MI, both groups showed 4 years (average) post MI a slight but significant increase of systolic blood pressure of 12 vs. 18 mmHg. Work performance levels had been maintained (132 vs. 136 W). No patients had started smoking and there were no differences between the groups as to leisure time activities. It is concluded that a long-term training programme can be provided safely and at low cost for those MI patients who need continued support in order to maintain the effectiveness of the hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation.

Similar countries, similar factors? Studying the decline of heavy episodic drinking in adolescents in Finland, Norway and Sweden.

To (i) examine several factors associated with trends in heavy episodic drinking (HED) in Finland, Norway and Sweden, (ii) investigate similarities in these associations across the countries and (iii) analyse the contribution of these factors to the trend in HED and the differences across the countries. Observational study using five waves of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) from Finland, Norway and Sweden between 1999 and 2015. A total of 18 128 male and 19 121 female 15- to 16-year-old students. Monthly HED, perceived access to alcohol, truancy, parental control, leisure time activities and daily smoking. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to examine linear time trends in HED. Logit regression models using the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method were fitted for each country separately, including all the independent variables together with time and adjusted for family status, parental education and gender. In Finland, Norway and Sweden, perceived access to alcohol, truancy and daily smoking decreased significantly between 1999 and 2015 whereas risk perceptions, parental control and participation in sports increased in the same period. The confounding percentage of all the independent variables related to the trend in HED was 48.8%, 68.9% and 36.7% for Finland, Norway and Sweden, respectively. Decline in daily smoking (P<0.001) and perceived access to alcohol (P<0.001) were positively and increase in parental control (P<0.001) negatively associated with the decline in HED in all three countries. Changes in truancy, going out with friends, and engaging in sports and other hobbies had little or no impact on the decline in HED or displayed no consistent results across the countries. The decline in adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Finland, Norway and Sweden between 1999 and 2015 appears to be associated with a decline in adolescent daily smoking and perceived access to alcohol and an increase in parental control.

Understanding the use of urban green spaces from user-generated geographic information

Parks and other green spaces are an important part of sustainable, healthy and socially equal urban environment. Urban planning and green space management benefit from information about green space use and values, but such data are often scarce and laborious to collect. Temporally dynamic geographic information generated by different mobile devices and social media platforms are a promising source of data for studying green spaces. User-generated data have, however, platform specific characteristics that limit their potential use. In this article, we compare the ability of different user-generated data sets to provide information on where, when and how people use and value urban green spaces. We compare four types of data: social media, sports tracking, mobile phone operator and public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) data in a case study from Helsinki, Finland. Our results show that user-generated geographic information sources provide useful insights about being in, moving through and perceiving urban green spaces, as long as evident limitations and sample biases are acknowledged. Social media data highlight patterns of leisure time activities and allow further content analysis. Sports tracking data and mobile phone data capture green space use at different times of the day, including commuting through the parks. PPGIS studies allow asking specific questions from active participants, but might be limited in spatial and temporal extent. Combining information from multiple user-generated data sets complements traditional data sources and provides a more comprehensive understanding of green space use and preferences.

Longitudinal association between body mass index and physical activity among adolescents with different parental risk: a parallel latent growth curve modeling approach

BackgroundData available on the association between physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) in different periods of life is controversial. Using a parallel latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) approach, the current study aimed to investigate the influence of daily PA on adolescents’ BMI over a 12 year follow-up, taking into account their parental risk.MethodParticipants comprised 1323 adolescents (53.5% girls), aged 12–18 years who had participated in the baseline phase of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) (2001–2003), and were followed for an average period of 12 years. Physical activity, including leisure time and occupational activities, was assessed using the reliable and validated Iranian version of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ). Weight and height were objectively measured in order to calculateBMI.Atwo-step cluster analysis was conducted to classify parents into two high- and low-risk clusters. Parallel LGCM was fitted to estimate cross-sectional, prospective and parallel associations, which assessed the longitudinal association between simultaneous changes in PA and BMI during the study period. Analyses were stratified by gender and parental clusters.ResultsA rising trend of BMI per 3 years was observed in boys 1.39 kg.m2(95% CI; 1.32, 1.48) and girls 0.9 kg.m2(95% CI; 0.82, 0.98), as well as in the low risk 1.11 kg.m2(95% CI; 1.03, 1.18) and high-risk 1.12 kg.m2(95% CI; 1.03, 1.22) clusters. Moreover, a positive prospective association between PA at baseline and BMI change over the 12 year follow-up, was observed in adolescents in the low-risk parental cluster 0.27(95% CI; 0.14, 0.41) indicating that higher levels of PA at baseline may lead to greater BMI in adolescents over time. However, examining longitudinal parallel association between simultaneous changes of PA and BMI per 3 years revealed adverse associations for adolescents in the low-risk parental cluster − 0.07 (95% CI; − 0.13, − 0.01) and in boys − 0.06 (95% CI; − 0.11, − 0.01).ConclusionDespite a positive prospective association between BMI and PA at baseline, there was a weak inverse parallel association between these variables over time, particularly in boys and adolescents with low parental risk. These findings imply the potential role of other influential factors indetermining adolescents’ weight status which need to be considered in the future plannings.

Daily activities of employed persons with visual impairment

Introduction: The challenges faced by visually impaired people in their efforts to integrate themselves into the labor market and the general position of persons with disabilities, regarding their employment and social security, is extremely difficult. Employment is the best safeguard against social exclusion and one of the main ways to achieve a full involvement in the society of the visually impaired people.Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 25 visually impaired people employed at “TMP” d.o.o. Sarajevo. The study was used as a cross-sectional survey method wherein data were collected through appropriate survey instruments, using a modified survey questionnaire.Results: Out of the total number of respondents, 48% are male and 52% are female. The majority of respondents use other persons’ assistance when moving (n = 16). The largest number of respondents had 100% visual impairment (n = 17). The majority of subjects have no strenuous physical activity. The largest number of respondents during the previous week walked for at least 10 minutes, in the sequence of all 7 days and was driven in motor vehicles. When doing household chores, 56% of respondents said they had no difficulty. The most common difficulties in recreation, sports and physical activity in leisure time, that were encountered by 32% of respondents, are poor sound signalling and difficulties of visual nature, though 68% of respondents said that they had no difficulty in their recreational activities.Conclusion: The daily activities of employed visually impaired persons have a positive impact on their quality of life. Various are occupations of visually impaired people that improve their quality of life.

Does similarity in work-family related attitudes improve relationship quality? Evidence from Sweden

ABSTRACTThis study examines how similarity in work-family related attitudes matter for relationship satisfaction and union dissolution among Swedish couples. It utilizes a data set from 2009 (the Young Adult Panel Study) containing information on 1055 opposite-sex couples (married or co-residential), and registered union dissolutions up to 2014. Results indicate that couples who have similar notions on the importance of being successful at work; on the importance of having children; or on the importance of having enough time for leisure activities are more likely to be satisfied with their partner relationship than couples who have dissimilar attitudes. However, there are no effects of similarity in attitudes regarding the importance of living in a good partner relationship or doing well economically on relationship satisfaction, and we do not find any impact of similarity in attitudes of any kind on actual breakups. We find no support for specialization theory, which would predict that dissimilarity in work orientation would increase relationship quality. The study concludes that having similar priorities regarding work, career, and family does seem to matter for relationship quality, at least when it comes to the partners’ satisfaction with the relationship.

Usual physical activity and subsequent hospital usage over 20\u2009years in a general population: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort

BackgroundWhile physical activity interventions have been reported to reduce hospital stays, it is not clear if, in the general population, usual physical activity patterns may be associated with subsequent hospital use independently of other lifestyle factors.ObjectiveWe examined the relationship between reported usual physical activity and subsequent admissions to hospital and time spent in hospital for 11,228 men and 13,786 women aged 40–79 years in the general population.MethodsParticipants from a British prospective population-based cohort study were followed for 20 years (1999–2019) using record linkage to document hospital usage. Total physical activity was estimated by combining workplace and leisure time activity reported in a baseline lifestyle questionnaire and repeated in a subset at a second time point approximately 12 years later.ResultsCompared to those reporting no physical activity, participants who were the most active had a lower likelihood of spending more than 20 days in hospital odds ratio (OR) 0.88 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–0.96) over the next 20 years after multivariable adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, education, social class and body mass index. Participants reporting any activity had a mean of 0.42 fewer hospital days per year between 1999 and 2009 compared to inactive participants, an estimated potential saving to the National Health Service (NHS) of £247 per person per year, or approximately 7% of UK health expenditure. Participants who remained physically active or became active 12 years later had lower risk of subsequent hospital usage than those who remained inactive or became inactive, p-trend < 0.001.ConclusionUsual physical activity in this middle-aged and older population predicts lower future hospitalisations - time spent in hospital and number of admissions independently of behavioural and sociodemographic factors. Small feasible differences in usual physical activity in the general population may potentially have a substantial impact on hospital usage and costs.

The use of personalized messages on wagering behavior of Swedish online gamblers: An empirical study

Over the past few years, online gambling has become a more commonplace leisure time activity. However, for a small minority, online gambling can become problematic. Consequently, the gambling industry has started to acknowledge their role in player protection and harm minimization and some online gambling companies have introduced responsible gambling tools such as targeted personalized messages as a way of helping players stay in control. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of targeted messages among 7134 Swedish online gamblers who played at one of five sites within the ComeOn Group between July 2019 and January 2020. The results showed that online gamblers receiving personalized feedback (i.e., feedback concerning their own actual gambling behavior in the form of text messages) wagered significantly less money on both the day they read a personalized message and seven days after they read a personalized message. The data support the results found by previous laboratory and real-world studies showing that targeted personalized information can be an effective tool for online gambling companies to reduce gambling expenditure among their clientele. The findings will also be of interest to other stakeholders including gambling regulators, policymakers, and researchers.

Domain-Specific Physical Activity, Pain Interference, and Muscle Pain after Activity.

Using the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, we examined the associations of occupation, household, transport, and leisure physical activity with pain interference with normal work and muscle pain after activity. This cross-sectional analysis included 7655 working and 11,766 nonworking participants. Physical activity was assessed using the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Pain interference was assessed with the Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey version 2.0, and muscle pain after activity was assessed using the 12-item Somatic and Psychological Health Report. Ordered logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and restricted cubic splines were used to graphically represent the shape of associations. All physical activity domain-pain outcome associations were nonlinear. Compared with participants who reported the lowest level of activity, participants who reported the median level of transport physical activity (10 MET·h·wk) reported less pain interference (workers: OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77-0.97]; nonworkers: OR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79-0.97]) and muscle pain after activity (workers: OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70-0.95]; nonworkers: OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77-0.95]). Higher levels of leisure time activity (20 MET·h·wk) were associated with less pain interference in nonworkers (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.98) and muscle pain after activity in workers (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56-0.80). Workers who reported the median level of household activity (16 MET·h·wk) had increased pain interference (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) and muscle pain after activity (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.42) than did those who reported the least household activity. Associations between domain-specific physical activity and pain outcomes were not uniform. Within the transport and leisure domains, physical activity was inversely associated with pain-related outcomes, whereas household physical activity was positively associated with pain scores within the working sample.

KRONİK OBSTRÜKTİF AKCİĞER HASTALIĞINDA DOSE İNDEKSİ KAS FONKSİYON BOZUKLUĞU, GÜNLÜK YAŞAM AKTİVİTELERİ VE YAŞAM KALİTESİ İLE İLİŞKİLİDİR

Purpose: Composite measures have potential to account for many of the facets of disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the DOSE (Dyspnea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation) Index which is a multi-component assessment tool and handgrip and respiratory muscle strength, activities of daily living (ADL) and health-related quality of life in patients COPD. Methods: Forty-five patients with COPD (30 males, 15 females, mean FEV1 =50.60±16.00%) were included. The DOSE Index was calculated using the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, obstruction level, smoking status, and exacerbation rate. Inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) was measured using a mouth-pressure device. Handgrip strength was determined using hand dynamometer. Activities of daily living were evaluated using the London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale (LCADL), and quality of life was assessed using the diseasespecific COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Results: The DOSE Index score was related with handgrip strength (r=-0.388, p=0.009), MIP (r=- 0.323, p=0.033), LCADL-physical activity score (r=0.314, p=0.038), LCADL-leisure activities score (r=0.397, p=0.008), and CAT score (r=0.435, p=0.003). Conclusion: Increased multi-component disease severity is related to decreased handgrip and respiratory muscle strength, physical activity and leisure time activities of daily living, and worse health-related quality of life in COPD patients. The DOSE Index, a simple disease severity assessment tool, is a convenient and practical tool for assessment in pulmonary rehabilitation programs.

P69 Occupational and leisure activities as a risk factor for hip and knee revision surgery

Abstract Background Lower limb arthroplasty is a highly successful orthopaedic procedure, but the prosthesis may fail over time, necessitating revision surgery. Recognised risk factors for revision include obesity and metal on metal devices, but it is less clear whether heavy physical activity, at work or during leisure time, can impact the survival of the replaced joint. We undertook a systematic review to explore this question. Methods Original studies published 1985-2017 reporting risk factors for hip or knee revision arthroplasty (excluding revision for infection) in people aged over 18 years and with ≥1 year follow-up post-arthroplasty were identified from Medline, Embase, and Scopus. The search yielded 10,361 results, amongst which 12 addressed the research question. Results Out of the 12 studies, 9 were concerned with failure of primary hip arthroplasty and only 3 with failure of primary knee arthroplasty. We found extraordinary variation in the methods used to quantify exposure to both occupational and leisure-time physical activity. As a result, the data were poorly comparable, and some studies reported that post-operative physical exposures were beneficial for joint survival whilst others reported that they were deleterious. Many studies only assessed the relevant exposures before the operation, which may limit the relevance to post-arthroplasty physical activities. Overall, we found some (variable quality) evidence suggesting that agriculture/farming and industry/engineering/construction work and, in women, health services work may increase the risk of revision. Likewise, there was conflicting and moderate quality evidence that exposure to high-intensity leisure-time activities may increase the risk of failure. Conclusion As increasing numbers of arthroplasties are performed at younger ages, and people are encouraged to work to older ages, more evidence is urgently needed about returning to some types of work and any future risk of joint failure. This is particularly important for advising people doing manual and emergency services/military type work. Leisure-time physical activity is good for health and high-quality evidence is needed here to inform if specific types of sport should be avoided, particularly for knee patients. Disclosures E. Zaballa Lasala None. C. Harris None. K. Walker-Bone None.

Mediating Factors for the Relationship between Stress and Work Ability over Time in Young Adults.

Stress can affect work ability. The aim of this study was to identify how this pathway is mediated over time in young adults. Participants of the Work Ability in Young Adults cohort were selected. A theoretical framework was built, which lead to a statistical model. Selected dimensions of mediators were recovery, work demands affecting private life, feelings of control over private life, and physical activity in leisure time. A quadruple serial mediation model was built with four mediators. The total effect of stress on work ability was −0.3955, 95% CI [−0.4764, −0.3146]. The total indirect effect amounted to 81% with an effect of −0.3182, 95% CI [−0.3750, −0.2642]. The relationship between stress and Work Ability Score five years later in young adults was mediated by stress five years later, work demands affecting private life, feelings of control over private life and feeling well-rested upon waking. These results indicate that work demands affecting private life and feelings of control over private life are important mediators of the relationship between stress and work ability in young adults. A well-balanced relationship between work and private life can counteract the influence of stress on work ability in this age group.

Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among the working population: Findings from the cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate associations between occupational physical activity patterns (physical work demands linked to job title) and leisure time physical activity (assessed by questionnaire) with cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed...

Social Perception of the Green Roofs in Contribution to Urban Sustainability: Istanbul

As a solution to the rapid urbanization problem, green roof applications in urban centers have gained popularity. This study aims to investigate the green roof awareness of the casual users of Zorlu Center located in Besiktas, Istanbul. The social perception of the green roof, which is defined as an urban balcony, -by its architect, located in an intensively used area, has been handled as a case study. Perception enables people to critique, interpret, distinguish, and analyze their environment according to their core values ​​to adapt to the environment. In this study, the perception has been associated with socio-demographic characteristics such as age, education, and attitudes. A field survey, designed to measure the impact of the green roof, was conducted with the 100 users of Zorlu Center. The most significant result of this study is that most of the participants are aware of the need to develop green roofs in Istanbul. This study shows that the commercial environment in the urban area, which has green elements such as the green roof, helps to renew and revitalize the city. It has been found that the green roof application of Zorlu Center attracted the users from the settlements in its close vicinity. The people came to Zorlu Center, especially to this green area, for leisure time activities. The green roof application of Zorlu Center has positively affected the users in terms of physical and mental health. Also, it has been found that green roof applications have a contribution to sustainable urban development, especially in high-density city centers, considering the positive effects on the city silhouette and urban quality of life. Keywords: Green roofs, shopping centers, perception, urban sustainability DOI: 10.7176/DCS/10-4-08 Publication date: April 30 th 2020