Leisure Sciences Research Articles

LEISURE STUDIES: A RE-EXAMINATION OF SOCIETY

ABSTRACT The authors present a discussion of the state of leisure studies with regard to its epistemological relationships with leisure sciences. The absence of historical context, the poorness of disciplinary perspectives, extreme empiricism and a Utopian vision of the future have adversely affected leisure studies over the past few decades. The meaning of the term “leisure”, and the very nature and full significance of leisure sciences should lead researchers not to a definitive conquest of a new world of knowledge, but to a re-examination of society. This means raising fundamental questions about the direction contemporary societies are taking, and trying to show how leisure studies could contribute to a better knowledge of what they involve.

Latent Demand for Vacation Travel: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of French- and English-Speaking Residents of Ontario and Quebec. Sarah L. Richardson and John L. Crompton. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 1, 1988, pp. 17-26. Taylor & Francis, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Latent Demand for Vacation Travel: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of French- and English-Speaking Residents of Ontario and Quebec. Sarah L. Richardson and John L. Crompton. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 1, 1988, pp. 17-26. Taylor & Francis, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Destination Diversification as an Indicator of Activity Compatibility: An Exploratory Analysis. Daniel R. Fesenmaier and Stanley R. Leiber. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3,1988, pp. 167-178. Taylor & Francis, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Destination Diversification as an Indicator of Activity Compatibility: An Exploratory Analysis. Daniel R. Fesenmaier and Stanley R. Leiber. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3,1988, pp. 167-178. Taylor & Francis, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Leisure Studies in Czechoslovakia: Some East-West Parallels and Divergences.Jarmila L. A. Homa. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, 1988, pp. 79-94. Taylor & Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Leisure Studies in Czechoslovakia: Some East-West Parallels and Divergences.Jarmila L. A. Homa. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, 1988, pp. 79-94. Taylor & Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Recreational Boating and Its Economic Impact in Texas. John R. Stoll, John C. Bergstrom, and Lonnie L. Jones. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 1, 1988, pp. 51-68. Taylor & Francis, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Recreational Boating and Its Economic Impact in Texas. John R. Stoll, John C. Bergstrom, and Lonnie L. Jones. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 1, 1988, pp. 51-68. Taylor & Francis, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Leisure Constraints: A Survey of Past Research. Edgar L. Jackson. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 1988, pp. 203-215. Taylor & Francis, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Leisure Constraints: A Survey of Past Research. Edgar L. Jackson. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 1988, pp. 203-215. Taylor & Francis, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Measuring Perceived Similarity Among Outdoor Recreation Activities: A Comparison of Visual and Verbal Stimulus Presentations. Daniel R. Williams. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 1988, pp. 153-166. Taylor & Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Measuring Perceived Similarity Among Outdoor Recreation Activities: A Comparison of Visual and Verbal Stimulus Presentations. Daniel R. Williams. Leisure Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 1988, pp. 153-166. Taylor & Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $70 annual subscription

Energy and Outdoor Recreation: A Review and Assessment of the Literature. Richard S. Converse and Gary E. Machlis. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 4, 1986, pp. 391-416. Taylor & Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $66 annual subscription

Energy and Outdoor Recreation: A Review and Assessment of the Literature. Richard S. Converse and Gary E. Machlis. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 4, 1986, pp. 391-416. Taylor & Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $66 annual subscription

Citizen and Administrator Perspectives of Equity in the Delivery of Park Services. Bruce E. Wicks and John L. Crompton. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 4, 1986, pp. 341-365. Taylor & Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $66 annual subscription

Citizen and Administrator Perspectives of Equity in the Delivery of Park Services. Bruce E. Wicks and John L. Crompton. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 4, 1986, pp. 341-365. Taylor & Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. $66 annual subscription

Citizen and Administrator Perspective of Equity in the Delivery of Park Services. Bruce E. Wicks and John L. Crompton. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 341-365. Taylor and Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. 1986. $66 annual subscription

Citizen and Administrator Perspective of Equity in the Delivery of Park Services. Bruce E. Wicks and John L. Crompton. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 341-365. Taylor and Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. 1986. $66 annual subscription

Energy and Outdoor Recreation: A Review and Assessment of the Literature. Richard S. Converse and Gary E. Machlis. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 391-416. Taylor and Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. 1986. $66 annual subscription

Energy and Outdoor Recreation: A Review and Assessment of the Literature. Richard S. Converse and Gary E. Machlis. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 391-416. Taylor and Francis, 3 East 44th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. 1986. $66 annual subscription

Leisure Education and Emancipation in Today's Context

Whatever practical form education for leisure takes, it seems to me that it should be in the first place a school for freedom and independence to be experienced in leisure, so as to develop an awareness of emancipation that will help people to avoid drudgery and oppression and to prepare for a 'leisure society'. Circumstances today are so unfavourable that it is my impression that existing theory and practice in this domain is inadequate to cope with the new situation. The emphasis has to be put on a critical discussion of educational goals and priorities in the current political, social and economic situation of Western Europe. It is not possible today-but was it ever before?-to discuss any concept or project concerning education for leisure without taking into account the context. Yet this is not often explicitly done and the matter is mostly left to the 'specialists'. But at the same time there is no implicit consensus in the academic world about the assessment of the present crisis and/or the future perspectives. In at least two important areas the situation had changed since the idea of leisure education took shape in the post-war period. First, the social and economic context is drastically different, as is the dominant ideological reaction to it. Secondly, the relatively new academic community developing 'leisure sciences' is still seeking to define its terrain in relation to other social sciences. A new debate on leisure concepts is developing as a result of a shift to a non-functionalist social theory. Both aspects inevitably influence any discussion on theory or policy in the field of leisure education. A critical assessment of these changes is necessary to arrive at a clear view on what leisure education means. It is surely not a device for coping with the problems of social order created by massive unemployment.

Leisure and Social Class: Some Neglected Theoretical Considerations. Don Dawson. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 1986, pp. 47-62. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017. $48 annual subscription

Leisure and Social Class: Some Neglected Theoretical Considerations. Don Dawson. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 1986, pp. 47-62. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017. $48 annual subscription

Human Responses to Encounters with Wildlife in Urban Parks. Ronald E. Dick and John C. Hendee. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 1986, pp. 63-78. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017. $48 annual subscription

Human Responses to Encounters with Wildlife in Urban Parks. Ronald E. Dick and John C. Hendee. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 1986, pp. 63-78. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017. $48 annual subscription

A Theory of the Attributes, Benefits, and Causes of Leisure Experience. Howard E. A. Tinsley and Diane J. Tinsley. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 1986, pp. 1-46. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017. $48 annual subscription

A Theory of the Attributes, Benefits, and Causes of Leisure Experience. Howard E. A. Tinsley and Diane J. Tinsley. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 1986, pp. 1-46. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017. $48 annual subscription

The Group Representative Bias: Another Look. Stephen M. Holland, Anthony J. Fedler, and Robert B. Dit-ton. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 1986, pp. 79-92. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017. $48 annual subscription

The Group Representative Bias: Another Look. Stephen M. Holland, Anthony J. Fedler, and Robert B. Dit-ton. Leisure Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 1986, pp. 79-92. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017. $48 annual subscription

Human Dimensions Information in Wildlife Management, Policy, and Planning. Stephen R. Kellert and Perry J. Brown. Leisure Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, 1985, pp. 269-280. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017

Human Dimensions Information in Wildlife Management, Policy, and Planning. Stephen R. Kellert and Perry J. Brown. Leisure Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, 1985, pp. 269-280. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017

Specifying What is Produced by Management of Wildlife by Public Agencies. B. L. Driver. Leisure Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, 1985, pp. 281-295. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017

Specifying What is Produced by Management of Wildlife by Public Agencies. B. L. Driver. Leisure Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, 1985, pp. 281-295. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017

Diversity in a Democracy: Expanding the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Robert E. Manning. Leisure Sciences, vol. 7, no. 4, 1985, pp. 377-399. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017

Diversity in a Democracy: Expanding the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Robert E. Manning. Leisure Sciences, vol. 7, no. 4, 1985, pp. 377-399. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, New York 10017

U.S. Vacation Travel Patterns: Correlates of Distance Decay and the Willingness to Travel. Stephen L. J. Smith. Leisure Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, 1985, pp. 151-174. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, NY 10017. $48 annual subscription

U.S. Vacation Travel Patterns: Correlates of Distance Decay and the Willingness to Travel. Stephen L. J. Smith. Leisure Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, 1985, pp. 151-174. Crane, Russak & Company, Inc., 3 East 44th Street, New York, NY 10017. $48 annual subscription