Leisure Pursuits Research Articles

Introduction to Adaptive Sports: An Intervention Protocol for Youth

Certified therapeutic recreation specialists (CTRS®s) within pediatric rehabilitation inpatient (PR-I) units use a variety of treatment modalities. One such modality is adaptive sports. Positive emotions that can be generated when participating in an adaptive sports activity include enjoyment and gratification. CTRSs are able to provide youth in the PR-I unit with a unique experience that teaches them about adaptive sports while introducing a potential new leisure pursuit. Thus, the Introduction to Adaptive Sports program was developed with the intent of documenting youths' knowledge related to adaptive sports following brief exposure, their enjoyment of ac-tivities associated with four different adaptive sports, and their interest in future participation. The youth involved in the piloting of this protocol were asked to complete a Knowledge and Future Participation Quiz as well as an Enjoyment Scale to measure their level of knowledge about each adaptive sport presented, how much they enjoyed participating in each ses-sion, and if they would be interested in future participation. The results showed that the youth demonstrated strong knowledge about each adaptive sport (average scores of 5.06 out of 6). The scores on the Enjoyment Scale indicated that youth on the PR-I unit enjoyed the adaptive sports sessions (average scores of 8.38 out of 10). Addition-ally, participant responses indicated 78.13% overall interest in future participation in the four presented adaptive sports. Though the preliminary results from the trial of this protocol are encouraging, recommendations for revision and future study by CTRS professionals on PR-I units are included.

(Re)creation through recreation: strengthening Hul’qumi’num’ identities through ‘leisure’

ABSTRACT A strong understanding of one’s cultural identity can serve as a protective factor against adversity. Correspondingly, empirical evidence has identified that participation in leisure may be a catalyst or contributing factor to forming one’s identity. However, scholarly understandings of the term leisure have been dominated by Eurocentric ideals. In this paper, I used Hul’qumi’num’ snuw’uy’ulh (sacred teachings) as my theoretical framework to explore how Hul’qumi’num’ mustimuxw (Hul’qumi’num’ people), specifically participating members of Snuneymuxw First Nation, understand and engage in leisure practices. Resultantly, I present my reflexive and tension filled process to assert that while study participants differentiated between engagement in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous leisure pursuits, the overarching premise was that one’s cultural identity and leisure participation were not independent of one another, regardless of the nature of the activity. Moreover, I suggest that in contemporary contexts, leisure participation from the perspective of the participants did not distinguish between Indigenous and non-Indigenous leisure to create either/or binaries but rather presented a notion of both. Thus, I demonstrate the reciprocal utility of Indigenous and non-Indigenous leisure pursuits in developing and maintaining cultural identity for Hul’qumi’num’ mustimuxw when rooted in snuw’uy’ulh.

Fraternal Friendships: Brotherhood and Middle-Class Leisure in Nineteenth-Century Ireland

ABSTRACT Using personal correspondence between brothers and cousins, this article explores the leisure pursuits of young men in middle-class rural Ireland. It considers the geography of sociability, contrasting social activities in rural Donegal with their experiences in urban centres, such as, Belfast, Glasgow, and Liverpool. This article argues that tightly-knit family social networks were necessary for the rural middle classes to participate in wider leisure activities and middle-class society. In exploring family correspondence and discussions of parties, the theatre, and sporting spectacles, this article provides insight into middle-class Irish attitudes towards drinking culture, courtship, and sociability.

From serious leisure to passionate pastime: expanding the conceptual landscape

ABSTRACT This paper introduces ‘passionate pastime’ as a complementary concept to the Serious Leisure Perspective (SLP). It adds a new layer to the initial model to capture the affective aspects of leisure pursuits and enhance its comprehensiveness and clarity. The paper employs Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis method to expand the conceptual landscape in this area. The proposed term moves away from the activity-oriented nature of serious leisure and focuses on an experience-oriented perspective. It has an episodic structure that includes three phases: pre-, during, and post-engagement. The pre-engagement phase is characterised by curiosity, enthusiasm, and anticipation. During the engagement, the enthusiasts immerse themselves in the activity and usually experience joy, a sense of fulfilment, and flow. They also make new social connections or maintain old bonds within their communities of interest. The post-engagement phase enables them to reflect, learn, and enjoy their achievements. These phases form a continuous cycle of engagement and explain the transformative potential of leisure in enhancing overall wellbeing. Passionate pastime is more inclusive than serious leisure because many people may engage in leisure activities enthusiastically, but their engagement may not fit the concept of serious leisure, which implies intense commitment and skill development.

Midlife “crisis” or midlife awakening? Leisure as obstacle or opportunity

ABSTRACT The “midlife crisis” is a popular phrase used to describe the condition of being stuck during the middle-age years, alongside the realization that one’s life is approximately half over. It is called a crisis because that is how it is often socially portrayed and personally perceived: something must be done to ensure one makes the most of their remaining time. In the following sections, we assert that there is a dearth of research on the role of meaningful leisure pursuits in middle adulthood and that little attempt has been made at the theoretical development of transitions at midlife as it relates to leisure. We also posit since midlife is one of the longest life stages, it would be valuable to develop important insights into successful aging for the “back nine” 1 and that exploring these issues requires us to understand the “psychological clock” that resides within us all.

Self-Quarantine in South Korea in 2021

This study explored the psychological changes, adaptation processes, and paradigm shifts experienced during self-quarantine. It collected data through in-depth interviews with 19 participants. Using the phenomenological method, it observed that negative psychological changes—such as fear, remorse, a sense of claustrophobia, and uncertainty—and health-related anxiety were common during self-quarantine. Additionally, when looking at life during self-quarantine, it was confirmed that there were restrictions on leisure pursuits, psychological recovery period, and social support. Finally, it was possible to establish new experiences through a paradigm shift toward digital life in limited circumstances. The results provide fundamental data by phenomenologically analyzing change under unique pandemic circumstances.

Embodied leisure experiences of nature-based activities for people living with dementia.

This article adopts an embodiment lens to explore the individual leisure experiences of people living with dementia when engaging in nature-based pursuits. It focuses on how people living with dementia frame their everyday experiences of nature and how these are shaped by any cognitive challenges and/or other comorbidities affecting physical health. Taking a phenomenological research approach, we interviewed 15 people living with dementia and 15 family carers of people with dementia to explore how people with dementia engage with nature as a subjective leisure experience. We analysed their accounts using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings reveal how people living with dementia frame their experiences of nature-based pursuits through three interlinked themes of 'bodily feelings and emotions', 'sense of self and identity' and 'connectivity to others'. The paper contributes to knowledge by examining through the lens of embodiment a neglected and overlooked dimension of everyday leisure: how nature is encountered, negotiated and enjoyed. The paper illustrates how nature and the outdoors may help people living with dementia to continue to enjoy prior leisure pursuits and thus achieve a degree of continuity in their everyday lives.

Cricket, Literary Culture and In-Groups in Early Twentieth-Century Britain

Abstract This article posits that team sports can provide fresh insights into the place of leisure pursuits in the lives, networks and outlooks of historical literary figures. The social and literary role of the Authors Eleven, a cricket side of London-based writers active between 1899 and 1912, is explored through three case studies. George Ives was a pioneering campaigner for gay rights, who used cricket to bolster his homosexual identity. E. W. Hornung, creator of the famous cricketer-thief Raffles, saw cricket as the ideal training – and analogy – for imperialism. And P. G. Wodehouse, author of the Jeeves and Wooster stories, first made his name writing cricket-filled magazine pieces. All three writers saw their involvement in cricket, particularly the Authors Eleven in-group, as an essential component of their social status. The Authors Eleven thus presents a potent example of embodied sociability, whereby the specific nature of what these individuals were doing together (in this case, playing cricket) has a bearing on their friendships and their intellectual outlooks. As ways of understanding the lives and cultural significance of historical figures, shared physical activity and embodied sociability need to be accorded much more importance than they have been hitherto.

The impact of financial incentives on physical activity for employees in the context of workplace health promotion - A systematic review.

The global increase in physical inactivity is progressively evolving into a significant health challenge. Alongside the promotion of more active leisure pursuits, elevating physical activity in the workplace has coming into focus. Financial incentives are not only a popular, but also promising tool in this regard. According to behavioral economics, they are able to initiate physical activity and thus create the basis for behavioral change. The present systematic review was prepared according to the current PRISMA guidelines and with reference to the Cochrane Handbook. A systematic literature search of six electronic databases and three study registers was conducted to identify relevant literature. Both RCTs as well as non-RCTs were included. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool and the ROBINS-I Tool were used to assess the risk bias of individual studies, while the GRADE approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence for all studies related to physical activity outcomes. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Six studies were included in the review. Among the total of 2,646 participants, the average age ranged from 35.5 to 43.3 years, and the percentage of women was between 48.6 and 88%. Risk of bias was rated as 'high' in three studies, 'moderate' in two, and 'low' in one. The quality of evidence was assessed as 'moderate'. Four of the six studies reported positive effects on physical activity during the incentive period. Workplace health promotion incorporating financial incentives have the potential to positively impact the physical activity levels of employees.

The English-language learning difficulties of older migrants in New Zealand: A life course perspective

ABSTRACT Older migrants are often later-life language learners by necessity. While the bulk of extant research on older language learners focuses on those who elect language learning as a constructive leisure pursuit, for older migrants with low proficiency in the dominant host country language, progress in language learning is a key factor that contributes to their independence, social inclusion, and well-being. Drawing on the life-course perspective, this article examines the language-learning difficulties (LLDs) of older Chinese migrants in New Zealand who have attended English courses, and who need basic communicative language ability in their daily lives. We identified three main life-course related factors that contribute to their language-learning difficulties and detract from their commitment to formal learning. These LLDs result from perceived shortcomings in individuals’ prior educational background, factors related to individuals’ current circumstances that impact their sense of agency, and unsatisfactory current formal learning experiences. We offer recommendations aimed at improving formal learning opportunities for this learner group.

Importance of Serious Leisure Pursuits: Participation in Silver Sneakers & Impact of Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Date Presented 03/21/24 Serious leisure has the opportunity to advance successful aging in the community through a variety of health outcomes. This poster will empower practitioners to reevaluate the benefits of serious leisure in community-based settings for older adults. Primary Author and Speaker: Devyn Elise Carder Contributing Authors: Susan Maloney

Leisure Occupations of LVAD Candidates: Qualitative Content Analysis & Implications for Enhancing Daily Living With a Complex Medical Device

Abstract Date Presented 03/23/24 A qualitative content analysis showed that left ventricular assist device (LVAD) candidates have diverse leisure interests, many of which require modification or avoidance postimplant. Activity-specific patient education implications will be shared to optimize leisure participation. Primary Author and Speaker: Jessica Asiello Additional Authors and Speakers: Brenna Bigenwald, Sophie D. Nash, Christina M. Kelley Contributing Authors: Abigail Begin, Marissa Dittrich, Erin E. Donovan, Kimberly Beatty, Nicole C. Lam, Alyssa M. Taubert, Lisa Evans, Nicole Paul, Dana Kuhn, Kellie Cannone, Lauren McInnis

Epidemiological Study on Developmental Coordination Disorder in School Going Children

Introduction: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has garnered significant attention in recent years, with rapid advancements in our understanding of this condition. Despite this progress, DCD often goes undiagnosed, making it challenging for children, parents, and educators to access essential resources. The motor difficulties associated with DCD can lead to social exclusion, as peers may be reluctant to invite these children to participate in play activities. Consequently, children with DCD may withdraw from leisure pursuits, perceiving themselves as lacking the necessary skills to engage fully. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify DCD in non-referred school-aged children. Early identification enables these individuals to access crucial resources, such as physiotherapy interventions, which can maximize their functional, academic, and psychosocial performance, and overall quality of life. Materials and Methods: The study involved 200 non-referred school-going children aged 4-12 years from Bangalore, selected through random sampling. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), consisting of 32 organized tasks across four sets covering manual dexterity, ball skills, and dynamic balance, was administered. Additionally, the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), comprising 12 tasks that assess a child’s ability to accomplish various motor skills, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a 113-item inventory describing children’s psychosocial behavior, were utilized to evaluate overall development. Results: Multivariate analysis identified a significant prevalence of DCD among the study participants. The findings underscore the imperative nature of early identification using comprehensive assessment tools for the well-being and psychosocial adaptation of school-aged children. Conclusions: These findings indicate that children with movement problems are at risk for difficulties in attention, learning, and psychosocial adjustment. Regardless of the kind or intensity, a child’s assessment for movement issues should cover a broad variety of functions in addition to motor skills. This comprehensive approach will enable access to essential resources, such as physiotherapeutic interventions, crucial for their overall development.

Investigating Objective and Subjective Factors Influencing the Frequency and Purpose of E-Scooter Trips

In this study, for the first time in the literature as far as we are aware, we model e-scooter use frequency and use purpose jointly, allowing for multiple use purposes. In doing so, we consider individual and household sociodemographics and psycho-social lifestyle considerations, as well as a residential location indicator. The analysis uses data collected through a survey of e-scooter users in Washington, D.C., U.S., administered electronically between September 2021 and December 2022. The results from our analysis indicate that gender, income earnings, motorized vehicle ownership in the household, a green lifestyle propensity, and a positive perception of e-scooters, in general, are the most important determinants of use frequency. Also, there are distinct demographic groupings between e-scooter use for hedonic (leisure and tourism-related) pursuits and utilitarian (shopping, work/appointments, and transit connections) pursuits. By understanding how changes in key influencing variables can affect use frequency and purpose, we provide richer insights for policy and initiatives involving frequency and integration, perceptions and marketing, sustainability, equity and accessibility, and mixed land-use practices.

Ink leisure: deviant or divine

ABSTRACT This qualitative inquiry examines the evolving perceptions of tattoos among the Filipinos, investigating whether tattoos persist as markers of societal deviance or have transitioned into mainstream vehicles for self-expression and leisure pursuits. The recruitment phase, conducted in August 2023, targeted residents of Quezon City, encompassing tattoo artists and individuals both with and without tattoos. Through in-depth interviews, insights were gathered from a demographically diverse cohort comprising 22 male and 13 female participants. Employing thematic analysis, three overarching themes were delineated: “Tattooing as Artistic Expression,” “Tattoos as Personal Narratives,” and “Social Perceptions and Stigma.” The findings underscore the nuanced role of tattoos within Filipino society, advocating for scholarly engagement to deepen comprehension of this multifaceted phenomenon. The research illuminates a discernible shift in Filipino attitudes towards tattoos, positioning them as legitimate conduits for self-expression and leisure engagement. While societal stigma persists, the study advocates for informed awareness and ongoing dialogue to cultivate acceptance of tattoos as legitimate modes of artistic expression and identity formation within the Filipino cultural context.

Enhancing Effectiveness of Programming and Quality of Information Services in the GLAM Sector Through the Serious Leisure Perspective

ABSTRACT Serious leisure enthusiasts, including hobbyists, volunteers and amateurs, continuously need information to deepen their knowledge and improve their skills in their chosen leisure pursuits. The Serious Leisure Perspective (SLP) is a conceptual model that categorises leisure activities and outlines the main components of each category. This paper aims to demonstrate how the SLP can inform policy and practice for public programming and information services across the GLAM sector. To achieve this goal, the author used the SLP as the theoretical framework, reviewed the literature and re-analysed the data pool in his ongoing research trajectory on the informational aspects of serious leisure to address the emergent research questions. The findings suggest that the SLP can inform and transform the policies and practices within the sector in various ways. Firstly, information professionals can benefit from the SLP as a conceptual model to review and revise their current policies and practices. Moreover, they can seek partnerships with local clubs and communities of serious leisure enthusiasts to foster collaboration and use their knowledge and expertise. Finally, adopting the new approach can extend their domain of action from conventional information services to vibrant cultural hubs, which can empower their communities.

Veteran Football Clubs as Veritable Source of Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure in Cameroon

The emergence of veteran football clubs in Cameroon as a prominent avenue of sports and leisure has been remarkable. This trend has attracted participation from both young individuals and adults, extending beyond sports to encompass socialization, economic advancement, and even political endeavours. This study employs primary and secondary sources and utilizes a qualitative research design to explore the activities of football veteran clubs in Cameroon, which serve as significant contributors to hospitality and leisure in the country. The study's findings demonstrate that veteran clubs serve as venues for sporting activities, particularly football, as well as touristic attractions, leisure pursuits, social interactions, and opportunities for discipline.

Writing as a method of inquiry about students’ experiences in a New Zealand primary school outdoor education programme

ABSTRACT In Health and Physical Education (HPE) of the New Zealand Curriculum, Outdoor Education (OE) is one of the seven key areas of learning. It has been taught in various forms because it includes a whole range of outdoor adventure activities and leisure pursuits. To better understand/interpret its nature and value in a New Zealand semi-rural primary school, we worked with eight students’ essays on their outdoor experiences to co-construct this paper. Students’ essays and school documents served as our data. Our inquiry linked students’ experiences to the underpinning philosophy of the school and created composite stories of their OE experiences. Students’ writing revealed their emotions, feelings, and the impact of their outdoor experiences during a three-day residential camp. Although this is a small, circumscribed study, the findings illustrate some primary school students’ OE experience and offer pedagogical insight to support the educative purpose of OE. The tangible OE experiences can provide an entry point into students’ affective learning and literacy with learning in other subjects.

The Message in a New Phase of Television: An Exploration of the Dichotomy of Good and Evil

Drawing on the ideas of several key sociologists, and the central argument that reality and representation have become blurred, this conceptual paper sets out to explore how television, one of the Big Seven leisure pursuits, has a damaging impact upon moral sightedness in a world where modernity has entered a state of flux. To link seemingly abstract ideas – those of ‘synopticism’, ‘reterotopia’ and ‘adiaphorization’ for example – and the language of poet-intellectuals with events and consequences occurring in people’s everyday lives, a selection of popular reality television shows and TV celebrities are considered. In its second part, the paper goes on to embrace intimations of hope. This is the hope that television can be used in experimental ways to stimulate moral consciousness. To further unpack this suggestion, the paper considers how television networks such as Channel 4, and shows such as Squid Games and Black Mirror, can excite moral impulses for the ‘Other’. In its conclusions, the paper explores whether the presiding message of television can be different to encourage viewers to question what is right and wrong.

How do adolescents engage with music in spare time? Leisure patterns and their relation with socio-demographic characteristics, well-being, and risk behaviors

This research focuses on four types of adolescents’ leisure pursuits related to music: listening to music; following music topics in the media; and extracurricular activities and hobbies related to music. Our main goal was not only to identify behavioral patterns representing adolescents’ engagement with music in leisure time but also to establish their relationship with relevant socio-demographic variables and indicators of well-being and risk behaviors. The sample comprised 1,358 secondary school students (aged 15 and 17). Five behavioral patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Three represent preferences for listening to music and are labeled rebellious, sophisticated, and energetic music preferences, whereas the fourth, following music, represents adolescents’ interest in music-related topics via media and preferences for pop and, to a lesser extent, folk music. The fifth factor, music-making, describes an active commitment to music as an extracurricular activity or hobby. The regression analysis was used to relate extracted leisure patterns not only with adolescents’ gender, age, and attendance at specific schools but also with the parameters of well-being and risk behaviors. The results are discussed in light of previous research in music psychology, leisure studies, and positive psychology. Major implications are related to music as a protective factor in a sensitive period of adolescence and adults’ responsibility not only to cherish but also to cultivate youth’s interest in it.