Leisure Products Research Articles

수중 광(光)무선통신 기술 적용 ROV형 수중드론 디자인 연구

This study aims to conduct a design research on underwater drones differentiated from existing ROV-type underwater drones by applying underwater optical wireless communication technology without cables. Since 2018, there has been a positive change in the increasing interest in general marine leisure products in South Korea. Based on theoretical considerations and case analyses, this study identified problems, conducted FGI (Focus Group Interviews), and derived design research directions reflecting technological, functional, and formal elements. Subsequently, design improvements were made in two stages, inspired by marine creatures such as stingrays. Based on this, a survey was conducted to validate the design's aesthetics, usability, stability, and effectiveness. Through this research, it was confirmed that prioritizing functional elements in design had certain limitations, indicating the need for future improvements. It is expected that this study will serve as practical data for enhancing the functional aspects and creative utilization of underwater drones applying optical communication technology in the future.

레저상품 예약에 대한 AI 챗봇 수용의도

In this study, the intention to accept AI chatbot was analyzed as a method for leisure participants to reserve leisure products. A total of 230 questionnaires were collected from leisure participants. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS WIN/AMOS. As a result of the analysis, first, perceived ease of use had a positive and significant effect on perceived usefulness. Second, perceived ease of use had a positive and significant effect on satisfaction. Third, perceived usefulness had a positive and significant effect on satisfaction. Fourth, perceived ease of use had a positive and significant effect on acceptance intention. Fifth, perceived usefulness had a positive and significant effect on acceptance intention. Sixth, satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on acceptance intention. In conclusion, it was suggested that reservations through AI chatbots have a positive effect on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and acceptance intention. In particular, reservations through AI chatbots were found to be satisfactory, and it was theoretically suggested that reservations through AI chatbots could be sustainable on behalf of humans.

Industry and Stakeholder Impacts on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Financial Performance: Consumer vs. Industrial Sectors

We examine the longitudinal relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and financial performance by investigating attributes among firms operating in different industry sectors longitudinally. Using panel regression analysis on Australian publicly listed firms from 2007 to 2021, we find that CSR performance positively influences financial performance. Furthermore, our industry-specific analysis uncovers notable distinctions. Specifically, within the consumer product markets, including recreational facilities, travel and tourism, lodging, dining, and leisure products, firms benefit from stakeholder rewards for their CSR efforts, leading to sustained financial gains. However, this positive association is absent for firms operating in industrial product markets, where stakeholders do not offer similar rewards for CSR performance. The significance of stakeholder engagement becomes evident in consumer market sectors, as firms with higher levels of CSR performance secure stakeholder support, resulting in superior long-term financial performance. Our findings contribute to the existing CSR literature and offer practical insights and implications for managers operating in diverse product market industries, including the dynamic field of tourism and hospitality seeking to harness CSR performance, meet stakeholder expectations, and achieve financial advantages.

Leisure Time Prediction and Influencing Factors Analysis Based on LightGBM and SHAP

Leisure time is crucial for personal development and leisure consumption. Accurate prediction of leisure time and analysis of its influencing factors creates a benefit by increasing personal leisure time. We predict leisure time and analyze its key influencing factors according to survey data of Beijing residents’ time allocation in 2011, 2016, and 2021, with an effective sample size of 3356. A Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model is utilized to classify and predict leisure time, and the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) approach is utilized to conduct feature importance analysis and influence mechanism analysis of influencing factors from four perspectives: time allocation, demographics, occupation, and family characteristics. The results verify that LightGBM effectively predicts personal leisure time, with the test set’s accuracy, recall, and F1 values being 0.85 and the AUC value reaching 0.91. The results of SHAP highlight that work/study time within the system is the main constraint on leisure time. Demographic factors, such as gender and age, are also of great significance for leisure time. Occupational and family heterogeneity exist in leisure time as well. The results contribute to the government improving the public holiday system, companies designing personalized leisure products for users with different leisure characteristics, and residents understanding and independently increasing their leisure time.

The cue is in the queue, smart! Assessing the ritualised leisure experiences of long queuing for a bubble tea brand in China

ABSTRACT Drawing on the perspective of ritualised leisure experiences underscored by the theory of interaction ritual chain, this study attempts to demystify the seemingly irrational and ineffable long queues of Chinese customers for a bubble tea brand which is only priced modestly. A four-factor scale of ritualised leisure experiences was conceptually proposed and empirically assessed with survey-derived data. Meanwhile, the research variables of subjective vitality and customer loyalty were incorporated to account for the cognitive and affective processes activated and engaged in the ritualised queuing experiences. Modelling results report that the confirmed scale of ritualised leisure experiences exerts positive effects upon customer loyalty, as mediated by subjective vitality. Meanwhile, young Chinese females have been profiled as the outstanding force shaping and reinforcing the queuing culture, claiming and asserting their own sway of leisure discourses in contemporary China. This study expands knowledge on rituality in leisure contexts, and offers references for leisure practitioners in better embedding ritualised components into the brand equity of leisure products and services.

Effect of process parameters on properties of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

PurposeContinuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) with great mechanical properties and green recyclability have been widely used in aerospace, transportation, sports and leisure products, etc. However, the conventional molding technologies of CFRTPCs, with high cost and low efficiency, limit the property design and broad application of composite materials. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the 3D printing process on the integrated rapid manufacturing of CFRTPCs.Design/methodology/approachTensile and flexural simulations and tests were performed on CFRTPCs. The effect of key process parameters on mechanical properties and molding qualities was evaluated individually and mutually to optimize the printing process. The micro morphologies of tensile and flexural breakages of the printed CFRTPCs were observed and analyzed to study the failure mechanism.FindingsThe results proved that the suitable process parameters for great printing qualities and mechanical properties included the glass hot bed with the microporous and solid glue coatings at 60°C and the nozzle temperature at 295°C. The best parameters of the nozzle temperature, layer thickness, feed rate and printing speed for the best elastic modulus and tensile strength were 285°C, 0.5 mm, 6.5r/min and 500 mm/min, respectively, whereas those for the smallest sectional porosity were 305°C, 0.6 mm, 5.5r/min and 550 mm/min, respectively.Originality/valueThis work promises a significant contribution to the improvement of the printing quality and mechanical properties of 3D printed CFRTPCs parts by the optimization of 3D printing processes.

Tensile Performances of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites with holes processed by 3D Printing, Laser and Drilling

The continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (called CFRTPCs) have been used in transportation, aerospace, sports and leisure products because of their great green recyclability and mechanical performances. This study evaluated the 3D printing process for the rapid manufacturing of CFRTPCs. The effect of laser and drilling processes, the size and shape of holes on mechanical performances of CFRTPCs were evaluated individually and mutually. The results proved that the small holes and low fiber content helped improve the strain at break while the big holes and the high fiber content helped improve the ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus. The ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of specimens with square or big holes were higher than those of samples with circle or small holes. The ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of specimens with circle holes by laser were higher than those of samples with circle holes by drilling while the trend of strain at break was opposite. The micro morphology of the tensile breakage was observed and analysed to study the failure mechanism. This work makes an important contribution to the design of 3D printed CFRTPCs parts with holes.

After All Is Said and Done: On Fluid Solidarity and Survival

After All Is Said and Done: On Fluid Solidarity and Survival

EFFECTS OF AIRLINES ZERO COMMISSION ON THE PERFOMANCE OF TRAVEL AGENTS: A SURVEY OF AIR TRAVEL AGENTS IN NAIROBI CBD

Purpose: The study was an assessment of the effects of airline zero commission on the performance of travel agents.
 Methodology: A descriptive survey of air travel agents in Nairobi CBD was taken. A population of 350 travel agents was identified out of which a sample of (35) 10% were randomly selected.
 Results: Findings indicate that travel agents had been affected by the Zero commission. Their profitability, customer satisfaction, employee morale and internal processes were affected negatively. Findings also indicated that charging fees, cost leadership, differentiation, specializing in geographical areas or becoming niche players for specific leisure products, improvement in customer service and increased marketing and communication , expansion of the product base , strategic partnership and external linkages with other service providers were some of the strategic responses being adopted by travel agents. Findings also indicated that Travel agents have increased investment in financial resources, human resources, knowledgeable and creative workforce, and improvement in brand name, a unifying corporate culture, robust IT infrastructure and corporate governance as an effort to recover from the zero commission problems. The study recommends that the travel agents continue using generic strategies and tailor-made strategic responses as this would help them to deal with the problem of zero commission. In addition, the travel agents should also differentiate their products in order to attract more customers. The travel agents also need to continue charging fees and ensure that they deliver good customer service to travelers. 
 Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: The study recommends that the travel agents continue using generic strategies and tailor-made strategic responses as this would help them to deal with the problem of zero commission. In addition, the travel agents should also differentiate their products in order to attract more customers. The travel agents also need to continue charging fees and ensure that they deliver good customer service to travelers.

Industry-Level Impact of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Factors for Alternative Investment

This study takes S&P500 companies’ ESG disclosure score and Environmental，Social and Governance disclosure score separately and using SVD algorithm to get the industry-level ESG score graphs. Through analyzing the graphs, we found that the leisure products, tobacco, automobiles industries occupied the top behaviour under the total ESG disclosure score, which deserves to mention that the tobacco, which is normally regarded as the sin stock and shunned by the investors, ranks second among all the industries. For Environmental, Social and Governance disclosure score separately, leisure products, real estate management & devel, tobacco industries occupy the first place respectively, and the disclosure score for Governance for all industries is overall higher than Social and Environmental. In conclusion, this study provides guidance on stock recommendation for ESG investors.

Assessing the Effects of Delivery Attributes on E-Shopping Consumer Behaviour

E-consumer behaviour plays a vital role in e-commerce worldwide. This paper addresses the importance of delivery time, delivery fee, and delivery reception, and the influence of delivery fee and reception on e-consumers’ behaviour by analysing the following hypotheses: delivery attributes affect e-shopping behaviour, and delivery attributes affect e-consumers’ behaviour according to their sociodemographic characteristics. Data were obtained from a web-based survey with Brazilian e-consumers, and logistic regression and artificial neural network models were estimated to assess consumer behaviour. We found that delivery fee willingness to pay and privacy are affected by delivery times according to gender. Delivery fees affect the e-consumer according to gender, the habit of purchasing books and leisure products, privacy, promotions, and pricing, and influence the e-shopping decision by age, purchase of electronic products, and promotions. Delivery reception is relevant according to age, income, gender, frequency of e-shopping, privacy, and pricing. Furthermore, delivery fees influence the e-shopping decision by age, purchase of electronic products, and promotions. Finally, delivery fee, willingness-to-pay, and privacy are characteristics influenced by reception on the e-shopping decision. Further analyses would include the dynamic aspects of e-consumer behaviour and the impacts of COVID-19 in the e-consumption patterns and its effects on e-commerce deliveries.

Effect of fibre arrangements on tensile properties of 3D printed continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites

ABSTRACT Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) with advantages of great mechanical properties and green recyclability, have been widely used in aerospace, transportation, sports and leisure products, etc. This study applied the 3D printing process for the integrated rapid manufacturing of CFRTPCs. The volume fraction and distribution arrangement of fiber reinforcement were designed to evaluate the effect of fiber arrangements on tensile properties of the printed composites. The experimental results proved that some outer and inner defects reduced the surface smoothness and tensile properties based on the analysis of macro and micro morphology. The fiber distributed evenly contributed to the dimensional precision and stability, as well as tensile properties. With the increasing fiber volume, the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength both approximately increased while the strain at break decreased. This work promises a significant contribution to the abilities of designing fiber arrangements to control tensile properties of 3D printed CFRTPCs.

Data on an Austrian Company's Productivity in the Pre-Covid-19 Era, During the Lockdown and After Its Easing: To Work Remotely or Not?

The Covid-19 crisis across the world has increased the proportion of e-working. The transition from cubicles to the home office raised many questions in connection with companies adopting the new working conditions. Our paper provides recent evidence on the extent of this move, its impact on workplace evolution, productivity and the future prevalence of the face-to-display workplace after the easing of the lockdown. It uses data from 154 service employees of an Austrian sports and leisure product company obtained using online surveys on employees' opinions on e-working. By a coincidence, we conducted the first of them shortly prior to the epidemic. We decided to modify our planned research goals and decided to study their opinions during different Covid-19 stages. As a result, our findings do not follow all the academic standards. First, they are almost impossible to replicate due to the specific coincidence. Then, the shift in our aims leads us to minor changes in the content of the questionnaire. There are not only significant differences in the proportion of workers in the office and at home during the different periods of the lockdown. After its end, there was a significant increase in the number of those who had started working at home—more than one half. Compared to the period prior to the lockdown, they have a tolerant attitude to their work from home and believe that their productivity might remain the same. For many of them the change was an unavoidable obligation so they would prefer to return to the traditional workplace. The results suggest that more than one fifth want to continue working from home permanently, about one third more frequently than before, more than a quarter sometimes and just one seventh not at all. We studied the issues related to their productivity and its limits during all three stages. There are three important reasons for the fall in productivity related to e-working: (1) Providing childcare/home schooling, pet sitting and/or care for others while working (>one-fourth); (2) Work-from-home routine (>one-fourth); and (3) Having less work to do (>one-fifth).

Construction of Leisure Consumer Loyalty from Cultural Identity—A Case of Cantonese Opera

Many regions and countries hope to employ cultural leisure products to obtain economic benefits. However, in the process of globalisation, cultural standardisation has posed difficulties for vulnerable cultures in terms of cultural inheritance and sustainable development. As with many intangible cultural heritages, Cantonese opera is also facing a shrinking market. Hence, to develop the strategy of sustainable development of Cantonese opera, this research aims to clarify the connection between cultural identity and loyalty in cultural leisure consumption in the context of Cantonese opera as a leisure product. The results show that each dimension of cultural identity has a positive effect on perceived value, and two dimensions positively affect satisfaction. The path of cultural identity building loyalty is also confirmed to be through perceived value and satisfaction. Future studies and the consequences of future practices are discussed.

Hiking to Well-being: Leisure Benefits for Personal and Social Development

In recent years, hiking has developed rapidly, but research on the leisure benefits of hiking is still ignored. This research takes the Ancient Tea-Horse Road in Pu’er Yunnan Province as an example, and adopts a qualitative research method to conduct in-depth interviews with 21 interviewees. On this basis, the paper analyzes the motivation of the Ancient Tea-Horse Road hikers and reveals the main significance of hiking. The results show that the Ancient Tea-Horse Road hiking is a valuable option for an economical and enjoyable activity. High popularity, low-cost consumption and being able to meet the participants' experience demand are the key factors to attract the hikers. Two key themes related to leisure benefits emerged. Firstly, for the person, hiking can bring the participants relaxation, challenge oneself, identify cultural quality, enhance interpersonal feelings and develop social relations as well as other positive effects. Secondly, for the society, hiking can enrich tourism leisure products, inherit historical and cultural heritage, and improve the quality of tourism and leisure industry. Finally, the leisure benefits generation mechanism model of the Ancient Tea-Horse Road hiking and implications are discussed.

The Effect of Laser Treatment on the Secondary Bonding Behavior of Carbon Fibre Composite

Joining carbon fibre reinforced composites with adhesive are widely used in various applications including aircraft structures and commercialized leisure products. However, surface contaminations hinder the adhesion of the bonding. Laser based surface treatment on bonding surface is suggested to improve the adhesion on the surfaces for secondary bonding. In this paper, single lap shear tests of the samples show that the laser pre-treated samples lead to the higher joint strength then acetone cleaned reference samples and surface sanded samples. The failure mode changed from adhesion failure in the reference sample to cohesion mode in the laser treated samples. The structure, topography and morphology of the composite surfaces which were pre-treated with laser radiation were observed. A correlation between surface properties and adhesive bonding strength was investigated. It should be noted that the variation of the pulse frequency level of the laser treatment contributed to the fibre breakage and the epoxy removal level of the sample surfaces.

Effect of reinforcing micro sized aluminium oxide particles on mechanical properties of polymer based composite

The main objective of the present study is to improve and evaluate various mechanical properties of polymer matrix composite by reinforcing the micro sized aluminium oxide particles. In industrial applications, the use of polymers based materials is exponentially increasing due to better strength to weight ratio. The increasing acceptability of polymer based composite in the field of automobile, aerospace, military and leisure product development motivates to work in the domain of improving the mechanical properties of existing composites using various types of micro sized reinforcements. In this present study, an effort has been made to improve the mechanical properties of composites by reinforcing micro sized aluminium oxide particles (Al2o3) in the polymer matrix. The flexural and compressive strength were evaluated by using the universal testing machine. Vicker’s hardness tester was used to calculate the micro hardness of the polymer based composite. The present study shows that reinforcing micro sized Al2o3 in matrix improves mechanical properties and micro hardness of composite significantly.

Recycling of Polyethylene Bags into High‐Strength Yarns Without Using Melt Processing

A critical issue facing mankind is how to effectively recycle plastic grocery bags. Currently, the most proven practice for bag recycling is to create numerous returning sites throughout the nation. However, the success is compromised by the voluntary nature of such activities. In this work, we investigate an alternative approach to bag returning, by diverting recycling activities directly to consumers or end users at home. Specifically, a simple process for converting waste bags into high‐strength fibers and yarns is designed and tested in an experimental feasibility study. The results from tensile testing and thermal analysis demonstrate that by a combined process sequence of cutting, knotting, twisting, hot drawing, and heat setting, high‐strength polyethylene yarns with mechanical properties comparable to those of melt‐spun polyethylene fibers can be produced. Without the involvement of melt processing, yarns made of a waste high‐density polyethylene grocery bag material were hot drawn and heat set to achieve a tensile strength of 330 MPa. Yarns with such ternacity are expected to find numerous applications in textile, flooring, and leisure products. This may open up a new paradigm in plastic bags recycling and allow part of the recycling burden to be shifted to local residential communities. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60: 281–287, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

SPORT AND RECREATION PRODUCT OFFERED BY TOURIST ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS IN POLAND – SIZE AND STRUCTURE

In accommodation facilities, in addition to basic services related to the satisfaction of human-tourist needs, additional services may be provided which satisfy higher-level needs, eg. sports / leisure products / services. The purpose of the article is to present the size and structure of the development of tourist areas with accommodation facilities offering sports / recreational products / services in Poland, which includes the administrative division into voivodships. To compare the results obtained, the absolute data is presented as an index expressing the number of objects per 1000 square kilometers of space. In addition, a ranking was established for a type of sports and recreation infrastructure which is available at tourist accommodation facilities in Poland.

Analysis of Consumer Behavior of Forest Tourism in Beijing

Forest tourism is a new economic growth point for forestry economy, and the market space is huge. There are good resources and market conditions for developing forest tourism in Beijing. In order to understand the consumption needs of residents for forest tourism, this paper investigates the consumption behavior of forest tourism in Beijing by means of questionnaire interviews. The results show that forest tourism can meet the needs of tourists to a certain extent, but there are still some shortcomings in Beijing. Based on this, some recommendations are made such as enriching the types of leisure products and improving service quality, etc.