Legitimacy Of Leadership Research Articles

Міфоаналітична трансформація лідерства у сучасному світі: соціологічний підхід Ж. Дюрана

The mythoanalytical transformation of leadership in the context of modern concepts is analysed. The development of Ukrainian society is undergoing constant changes that require new leaders who can ensure constructive change. In the field of public administration, special attention needs to be paid to the issue of leadership, which is related to the generation of innovations and their implementation, resource issues of self-organisation. The theoretical foundations of leadership are considered, considering the main archetypal theories. The typology of M. Weber’s leadership is revealed based on the sense of social approval and expressed trust and reveals the following leadership legitimacy: traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal. The key differences between the concepts of “leader” and “manager” are highlighted. O. Neuberger’s typology of archetypal patterns of leadership is outlined, and their timeless, structural manifestations and determinants of interactions are revealed. Possibilities of applying the basic ideas of Durand’s sociology in modern concepts of leadership through the representation of symbolic structures that create meaning, structuring the basic guidelines of experience and actions, depending on individual interpretive abilities and continuous exchange between man and culture, demonstrating powerful psychoenergetic potential. The possibility of using a sociological approach to outline the determinants of leadership activity is substantiated. This approach is based on the ideas of psychoanalysis, deep psychology, structural and political anthropology, phenomenology, and ethology. It is noted that the fundamental concept of Durand’s theory of imagination is the imaginary. Peculiarities in applying mythoanalysis to public administration in the context of transformational leadership are considered. Leadership’s cognitive and emotional assets are considered to substantiate modern leaders’ innovation and self-realisation potential. Features of the mythocritical and mythoanalytical method of G. Durand are presented.

Parliamentary elections in Italy 2022: the expected victory of the right populists

Early parliamentary elections in Italy on September 25, 2022 led to the expected victory of the right coalition of four parties – «Brothers of Italy», League, «Forward, Italy!» and «We are moderates». The election results reflect the key trends in transformation of the Italian society observed in recent years: 1) society’s fatigue from “technical governments” and the permanent state of “emergency” since the global economic crisis, aggravated by Covid-19 pandemic and the consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict; 2) the demand for responsible and legitimate leadership, personalisation of power and key political institutions – parties, government and presidency; 3) the desire to minimise the negative impact of international geopolitical and geo-economic tensions, which for many years have been making the Italian society feel like “losers from globalisation”, and which today can again become the main obstacle to economic recovery.

What Kind of Ability Bolsters the Legitimacy of Leaders?

What Kind of Ability Bolsters the Legitimacy of Leaders?

The Legitimacy of Traditional Leaders in Democracies

Abstract This study analyses the issue of legitimacy that unfolds to understand the authority claims of traditional leaders underpinned by customary law in contrast to modern law and legislations in the democracies of two erstwhile British colonies: South Africa and the Tangkhul Nagas of India and Myanmar. The study enquires: if the warrant of modern and traditional law, the fulcrum of traditional leaders’ legitimacy, is questioned in the democratic dispensation, what is the underlying basis of legitimacy that makes traditional leaders resilient? It employs historical, cultural and linguistic analysis to understand how traditional leaders mediate legitimacy. It concludes that cultural cognitive categories like metaphors and aphorisms are instrumental in leveraging the legitimacy claims of traditional leaders across countries.

Dimensionality of Globalization, Global Governance, and Generational Sustainability

Strengthening the governance of global interactions is crucial for making global and regional groupings significantly representative to provide legitimate global leadership. This advocacy would mean that the need exists for collaboration in a quest for global governance and generational sustainability. In other words, this requires democratic processes at all levels of political governance to provide global leaders the opportunity to galvanize global initiatives to overcome world challenges in preparing the ground for generational sustainability. The survey research design was adopted in this study, and the result showed positive association between globalization and generational sustainability. The study was not exhaustive due to the absence of current relevant literature in the areas. Therefore, further study could examine the need for democratic regional groupings as one measure of improving the architecture of global governance. Because of the relationship between globalization and generational sustainability, the anti-corruption crusade should be intensified around the world.

Konsep Waliyu Al-Amri Al-Daruri Bisysyaukah sebagai Legalitas Keabsahan Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia

This research aims to examine the concept of waliyu al-amri al-daruri bisyaukah whether in determining the legality of election results in Indonesia. The research method used is normative law with an approach to Islamic law and positive law regarding elections. This is necessary to study because in the General Election process (Election) in Indonesia there is a fraud, so the concept of waliyu al-amri al-daruri bisyaukah can be present as a rule of reference for legality. the validity of the election results. Procedurally, it should be passed through lawful ways in obtaining legitimate leadership and not violating norms in society. Based on the research results, Mahfud MD, the former Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court, stated that there is always fraud in the election and cannot be avoided. The existence of this concept does not necessarily apply as stipulated in Islamic law to get a leader, because it is impossible to apply. Indonesia is not an Islamic country, but a country that stands on the basis of agreement or democracy. Indonesia is a state of law, the provisions that apply in society have been accommodated in the law and the presence of the Constitutional Court as an arbitrator in resolving election dispute problems. Based on the concept of waliyu al-amri al-daruri bisyaukah, can the election results even be carried out with an element of fraud and have been approved by the Constitutional Court, they will remain valid in the eyes of the law, both positive law and Islamic law.

Kepimpinan Wanita Menurut Perspektif Hamka

The paper investigates Hamka’s viewpoints concerning issues of womens’ leadership and its legitimacy in political and social sphere. The research problem is to address Hamka’s legal opinion on the legitimacy of women leadership. In this regard it critically evaluates his religious and juristic views concerning the issues and comparing this with diverse opinions of Muslim scholars from various schools of thought that legitimize or denied womans’ right in assuming any leadership role. The study is based on descriptive, analytical and comparative method. It analyzed the arguments and standpoints of Hamka regarding the issue and comparing these with certain arguments brought forth in the modern and classical texts of Islam that either justified or refuted such claim. The study concluded that Hamka explicitly endeavors to reformulate and reconstruct the legal fatwa and ideas on womans’ leadership, based on Islamic principle and standpoint as represented in the revealed law and concrete rulings of shariah and its ethical precept and construct that outlines and suggests the ideal position that typically suit womens’ intrinsic nature for assuming the task of leadership.

Political party elite and election-related violence in Nigeria: The nexus and implications for democracy and governance

Failure to conduct violence-free elections in Nigeria has frequently reflected in the writings of local and foreign election observers and monitoring groups. Previous studies have devoted much attention to the consequences of electoral violence on sustenance and consolidation of democracy but less attention has been paid to the role political party elite play in this violence. This study examined the role of political party elite in election-related violence in Nigeria, 2011-2019. It equally assessed its nexus and implications for democracy and governance. The study utilized documentary research method using qualitative documentary analysis to analyze the data obtained from secondary sources following four-step approach. Findings revealed that political party elite exerted greater influence on politically-sponsored thugs, who were utilized to perpetrate election-related violence due to zerosum game, winners-takes-all syndrome, and non-punishment of electoral offenders with far-reaching implications for popular participation, free, fair and credible election, party politics, leadership legitimacy and stable polity. The study submitted that curbing party elite-sponsored electoral violence requires that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and the National Assembly wake up to their responsibility of ensuring strict enforcement of laws for electoral offences as this would deter both sponsors and perpetrators from engaging in violence during election.

The health response to the Rohingya refugee crisis post August 2017: Reflections from two years of health sector coordination in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.

On August 25 2017, an unprecedented influx of Rohingya refugees began from Rakhine State in Myanmar into Bangladesh’s district of Cox’s Bazar. The scale and acuteness of this humanitarian crisis was unprecedented and unique globally, requiring strong coordination of a multitude of actors. This paper reflects on the health sector coordination from August 2017 to October 2019, focusing on selected achievements and persisting challenges of the health sector strategic advisory group (HSSAG), and the health sector working groups including epidemiology and case management, sexual and reproductive health, community health, mental health and psychosocial support, and emergency preparedness. In the early days of the response, minimum service standards for primary health care were established, a fundamental initial step which enabled the standardization of services based on critical needs. Similarly, establishing standards for community health outreach was the backbone for capitalizing on this important health workforce. Novel approaches were adopted for infectious disease responses for acute watery diarrhoea and varicella, drawing on inter-sectoral collaborations. Sexual and reproductive health services were prioritized from the initial onset of the crisis and improvements in skilled delivery attendance, gender-based violence services, abortion care and family planning were recorded. Mental health service provision was strengthened through community-based approaches although integration of mental health programmes into primary health care has been limited by availability of specialist psychiatrists. Strong, collaborative and legitimate leadership by the health sector strategic advisory group, drawing on inter-sectoral collaborations and the technical expertise of the different technical working groups, were critical in the response and proved effective, despite the remaining challenges to be addressed. Anticipated reductions in funding as the crisis moves into protracted status threatens the achievements of the health sector in provision of health services to the Rohingya refugees.

Leadership legitimacy and the mobilization of capital(s): Disrupting politics and reproducing heteronormativity

The rise of populist leaders in the political sphere mounts a challenge to normative understandings of leadership. To better understand this challenge, we examine how political leaders mobilize different forms of social capital in pursuit of leadership legitimacy, providing insight into the dynamics of how leadership norms are maintained. While research has tended to focus on specific forms of capital, this article considers capital as multidimensional and strategically mobilized. The article applies a multimodal analysis to examine interactions between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton during peak ‘Twitter Moments’ of the three 2016 presidential election debates. We theorize the paradoxical dynamics of the mobilization of multiple capitals and their intersection as a simultaneously disruptive and reproductive resource. While the mobilization of multiple capitals operates to disrupt traditional notions of who can claim legitimacy as a leader in the political field, their disruptive mobilization serves to reproduce implicit heteronormative leadership values. Hence, our theorization illuminates the resilience of implicit leadership values, and their intimate connection with heteronormativity, calling for the need to interrogate leadership legitimacy claims that promise ‘new’ approaches.

Battle for legitimacy: revisiting autochthony and (re)invented authority in Zimbabwe’s resettlement areas

ABSTRACT This study examines the intersection of autochthony and (re)invented claims of authority in Zimbabwe’s resettlement areas, exploring how traditional leaders and war veterans battle for legitimacy in the resettlement areas. It argues that despite the general view that chiefs are recognised by everyone in the rural areas, their legitimacy is being challenged and in some cases with the use of violence. Although chiefs are recognised as the legitimate leaders in some resettlement areas, this study shows that their authority is being challenged in Insiza District’s resettlement area, covering Mpalawani, Gwamanyanga, Mpopoti and Lambamayi. The study also highlights how different people define autochthony, tradition and belonging in Zimbabwe’s resettled areas.

Traditional Authorities in African Cities: Setting the Scene

ABSTRACT This special issue on the role of traditional authorities in African cities highlights critical debates about governance and urban development on a fast-urbanising continent. The six articles in this issue focus on the following: (1) the roles of traditional authorities as custodians of the values of society; (2) the roles of traditional leaders as moral authorities; (3) the modern chieftaincy as an invention of the colonial state; (4) the ‘unrelenting co-optation and appropriation’ of traditional governance structures by the state; and (5) the stretching of pre-colonial narratives to justify the legitimacy of traditional leadership and its control of community resources. The special issue features contributions from Burkina Faso, Senegal, Ghana, South Africa, Botswana and Eswatini, providing a rare comparison between cases from Southern and West Africa.

"A right to lead": The role of leader legitimacy on group reactions to transgressive leadership

AbstractResearch on the transgression credit shows that groups may sometimes turn a blind eye to ingroup leaders who transgress moral norms. Although there is substantial research investigating the underlying criteria of what makes a “good” leader, research often neglects to investigate the role of followers in leader‐group dynamics. In this paper, we offer a novel approach to transgressive leadership by proposing that leader legitimacy is a key factor that determines whether followers’ reactions to transgressive leaders are positive or negative. Across two experiments, participants ascribed transgression credit only to transgressive ingroup leaders perceived as legitimate (Studies 1–2, total n = 308). Transgressive illegitimate leaders were viewed as more threatening to the group, were targeted for formal punishment, received less validation for their behavior, triggered negative emotions (anger and shame), and raised higher consensus for their removal from the leadership position than did legitimate leaders. This effect also occurred irrespective of the absence of formal social control measures implemented toward the transgressive leader (Study 2). Mediation analysis showed that leader illegitimacy triggered stronger feelings of group threat and stronger negative emotions which, consequently, fuelled agreement with collective protest against the transgressive leader. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

African States since Independence: Order, Development, and Democracy by David Christensen and David D. Laitin

Reviewed by: African States since Independence: Order, Development, and Democracy by David Christensen and David D. Laitin Dawne Y. Curry African States since Independence: Order, Development, and Democracy. By david christensen and david d. laitin. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019. xix + 395 pp. ISBN 978-0-300-22661-4. $50.00 (hardcover). In this compelling monograph, Christensen and Laitin employ social science theory to chart the political and economic failures of post-independent sub-Saharan Africa, and to offer a prognosis for how the continent can shape a better future for its fifty-four nations. The book coalesces around this principal question: why have African colonial states not fulfilled their promise to deliver prosperity, good governance, and security? Christensen and Laitin make several assertions: African states failed to keep up with other members of the "underdeveloped world," and they did not fulfil the promises offered by independent Africa's charismatic leaders—Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana), Ahmed Sekou Touré (Guinea), Leopold Senghor (Senegal), Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya), Patrice Lumumba (The Congo), and Obafemi Awolowo and Nnamdi Azikiwe (Nigeria). Sixteen chapters explore Africa's great expectations and unfulfilled dreams, its geography and historical constraints, its post-independence policies; and its visions for [End Page 186] a new era. Christiansen and Laitin chart the continent's progression from the optimistic mood at independence to the Afro-pessimism that enveloped African nations struggling to exist following the structural, and geographical imposition of colonialism. Their offering is not a sugar-coated explanation of historic events, financial, and political upheavals, and medical pandemics, but rather the authors portray Africa as an evolving continent whose promise still exists amid the challenges still waged from the wake and the aftermath of colonialism's ubiquitous presence, and hold. Christensen and Laitin begin this exploration with a brief biographical analysis of the aforementioned leaders to show how they each gained legitimacy. Nkrumah, Lumumba, Kenyatta and the others had to figure out how to win the people's trust. They became legitimate leaders through their western education, colonial-imposed incarceration, and their charismatic appeal. For example, Nkrumah became the continent's first-sub-Saharan nation to gain independence from a colonial power when Great Britain granted the west African nation its freedom in 1957. Nkrumah, who represented a member of an ethnic minority, gained mass appeal by donning Kente cloth, portraying himself as a simple man who could have a meal with villagers, and who visited them in his trademark Cadillac that people touched in reverence (p. 18). Touré differed from all of the other leaders. He chose not accept continued French support when his country, Guinea gained its independence in 1958. Considered a rebel, Touré portrayed himself as a descendant of the great anti-colonial figure Samory. The Guinean gained legitimization by inserting himself within a broader category of nation rather than through an ethnic group or by having an incarcerated past or western education (p. 24). As Christensen and Laitin illustrate, charisma did not lead African leaders and their constituencies to a promised land. Instead, the continent faced grave security, economic, and democratic issues. One of the reasons for these problems lies with the Berlin Conference and the partitioning of Africa in 1884 and 1885. Christensen and Laitin devise different theoretical categorizations to document how geography has played a role in the continent's formation, its evolution, but also in its underdevelopment, and isolation. Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and seven other nations represent difficult geographies because they have a rimland country separated by vast stretches of unpopulated lands (p. 116). The hinterland nations of Mali, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger have their economic, and political resources concentrated in their respective capitals of Bamako, N'djena, Nouakchott, and Niamey. The authors cite nineteen countries that have favorable political geographies. [End Page 187] Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, and others make this list because they "easily permit the projection of power from the capital city to the countryside" (pp. 119–120). The last category is neutral geographies. These nations do not fit these depictions: large countries with noncontinuous areas, high population densities, or the concentration of population in a small area or within the capital cities. Geography reveals other things. For instance...

МЕТАФОРА «РАЗРУШЕННОГО МИРА» В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОЕКЦИИ МИР-СИСТЕМНОГО АНАЛИЗА

The purpose of the article is to present an analysis of modern global political processes characterized by the unipolarity of the destruction of the former world system. The current situation of political transit is assessed as a failure of technologies of controlled chaos and transition to a state of turbulence. The basic approach of the research was the methodology of world-systems analysis. The article provides arguments that substantiate the systemic nature of the crisis of the World Center, the problematic nature of the restoration of the unipolar system of the world order. Four scenario perspectives of further development of the world political process are considered: 1. restoration of the leadership legitimacy of the World Center; 2. change of the core of the world system; 3. transition of a state of chaos to a global catastrophe; 4. the establishment of a system of a multilateral world of civilizations. It is indicated that the West-centered world-system has paradoxically diverged at some stage from the values of the Western civilization itself. And it is obvious that the transition to a multilateral world should be linked to the basic civilizational values of the world-systems, their differences from the values of other communities. As a result, practical recommendations are presented for the activity steps of building a system of multilateral world order as a desirable prospect for overcoming the state of turbulence and preventing a new geopolitical hegemony.

Political transformations’ actors: foreign experience and Ukrainian practice

The article considers the image of a proactive political environment of transformations, which is widespread through the media and forms the basis of legitimacy of leaders and trust in it. The priorities of general modernization at the level of individual states are substantiated.The purpose of this article is to clarify the peculiarities of the activities of the subjects of political transformation against the background of foreign experience and Ukrainian practice.Research methods. The structural-functional method was used to analyze the diversification of power control and the loss of transformational "specialization" by some political entities; the method of comparison is used to establish the vector of modernization reforms of the political system and to formulate certain requirements and approaches to the identification of the subjects of transformation; the method of retrospective reconstruction for the analysis of modification of behavior of subjects of transformation, being guided by interests of realization of efficiency of management more, than program aspects of realization of modernizations of reforms.Results. An assessment is made of the level of success of modernization in a transformational democracy, which is possible only if all political actors are equally interested. It is proved that the context of modernization of the subjects of political transformations in the transforming countries needs conditions for full disclosure. Emphasis is placed on the new dimension of the functioning of the subjects of political transformations is their reflection and greater transparency and controllability of public authority in democratic and transition countries. The mechanisms of determining the directions of evolution of the subjects of political transformations within the framework of the functioning of the new media are revealed. The specifics of the ability of elites to influence the change of social and economic situation as one of the relevant evidences of their connection with the processes within the society and the information component of modernization are noted. The substantiation of the importance of awareness of the regulatory activities of elites and their impact on the situation means a certain prejudice against certain political forces, as one of the basic processes of institutionalization of modern political transformations.

Solidarity and Implications of a Leaderless Movement in Hong Kong

In 2019, what began in Hong Kong as a series of rallies against a proposal to permit extraditions to mainland China grew into a raft of anti-authoritarian protests and challenges to Beijing’s grip on the city. Given the gravest political crisis confronting Hong Kong in decades, this research investigates why the protests have lacked centralized leaders and why the solidarity among the peaceful and militant protesters has been immense. This article also examines the strengths and limitations of this leaderless movement with different case studies. The authors argue that serious threats to the commonly cherished values in Hong Kong, amid the absence of stable and legitimate leaders in its democracy movement, underpinned the formation of a multitude of decentralized decision-making platforms that orchestrated the protests in 2019. Those platforms involved both well-known movement leaders organizing conventional peaceful protests and anonymous activists crafting a diversity of tactics in ingenious ways, ranging from economic boycotts, human chains around the city, artistic protests via Lennon Walls, to the occupying of the international airport. The decentralized decision-making platforms, while having generated a boon to the movement with their beneficial tactical division of labor, also produced risks to the campaign. The risks include the lack of legitimate representatives for conflict-deescalating negotiations, rise in legitimacy-sapping violence, and susceptibility to underestimating the risks of various tactics stemming from a dearth of thorough political communication among anonymous participants who had different goals and degrees of risk tolerance. In short, Hong Kong’s anti-extradition movement in 2019 sheds light on the basis of leaderless movements, and on both the strengths and risks of such movements.

Political Trust and Political Leadership Legitimacy: Implications on Voters’ Behaviour

This paper intends to reflect on the importance of political trust to voters’ behaviour. Political trust has a strong link to the political leadership legitimacy. Voters voted political leaders because of their trust to them or to their party. In the context of this paper, political trust refers to the performance of political leaders. In essence, political leadership performance of their duties will have a substantive effect to the voters’ decision on who to vote in an election. Political trust characterised the image of the political leaders as well as their party. Political trust is not easy to regain once broken. Voters will remember them. Adversaries will play the issue to gain support towards their party. Trustworthiness and reliability would normally result from good policy and programmes that the leader or party who lead the government initiate or implement. These programmes benefited the people and the country. Trust deficit in the realm of politics is in need of a serious repair. This work will speak of political trust and contextually relate it to political leadership. The performance of political leaders and government will be viewed from the economics, education, health, safety and religious points of views. These are some of the most important factors becoming the supporting pillars of political trust especially in the context of Malaysia. Their upright performance will gather voters’ support and consequently, the opposite will direct to political decline.

Leadership legitimacy and a conundrum of justice between police and Muslim organizations in a climate of counter-terrorism within Australia

This research applies a qualitative approach to investigate the relationship between Muslim leadership, justice and trust with the police in Queensland, Australia. The research addresses the process and deeper dynamics of Muslim leaders seeking to win legitimacy within their own communities in a climate of counter-terrorism. The research was informed by 29 semi-structured interviews with Muslim community members and 14 police personnel. The findings expose a conundrum where certain behaviours initiated by Muslim leaders to win legitimacy and influence within Muslim communities simultaneously carry the potential to draw the suspicion of police. The ensuing dynamics expose the risk of police not only perceiving Muslim leaders with the greatest legitimacy as the least favourable engagement partners, but Muslim leaders with less legitimacy as more favourable engagement partners. The result is the potential for a strategic dilemma where the ensuing partnership fails to possess the necessary influence to achieve the desired victory over community hearts and minds.

Analisis Tipe Kepemimpinan Paternalistik Dalam Peningkatan Pelayanan Publik di Tengah Situasi Pandemik Covid-19

Currently, the Covid-19 pandemics have begun to cause real loss among the public. Many victims who have attacked Indonesian society, began to the sick even to death. It is enough to make the community panic and fear the Covid-19 pandemics. So how can a leader make people calm and take care. The handling done to date is social distancing. However, various forms of public service are still run by government. As a leader with the type of the head of the community that is widely found in the environment, it is still traditional. In other words, his legitimacy of leadership is seen as natural and normal with its organizational implications, such as commanding authority and decision making without having to consult with his subordinates in prioritizing togetherness. Research was conducted to know how the type of paternalistic leadership in the village of Ketapang Kota Probolinggo increased the public service in the middle of the Covid-19 pandemics. With the results of the paternalistic leadership type research affects the level of public servants in the Covid-19 pandemic.