Legitimate Job Research Articles

Fake Job Detection Using Machine Learning

The research suggests using machine learning classification methods to identify and prevent fake job postings online. Nowadays, many companies prefer to advertise their job vacancies on the internet for easy access by job seekers. However, there are scammers who trick people into paying for non-existent jobs. Through data analysis and machine learning, we can distinguish between legitimate and fake job postings. Various algorithms are utilized to detect fraudulent posts and protect job seekers from falling victim to scams. The system is designed to teach the model how to distinguish between real and fake job listings using past data on fraudulent and legitimate job postings. Initially, supervised learning algorithms like classification techniques can be used to tackle the problem of identifying scammers in job ads. It will utilize multiple machine learning algorithms and choose the one with the best accuracy in predicting if a job posting is legitimate or not. Key Words: Fraud Job, Job Seeker, Machine Learning, Internet Recruitment, Classification

A criminalization of Civil Servant Related to Neutrality Violations in A regional Head Elections (Study of Decision Number 47/Pid.Sus/2018/Pn.Sdr)

This study aims to validate and analyze the accuracy of sentencing the the defendant as the head of the service in fulfilling the elements of the legal subject as a Civil Servant, as well as legal proof of the defendant's actions which are considered beneficial or detrimental to one of the candidate pairs. Legal research with normative juridical, as well as statutory, case, and conceptual approaches and analyzed prescriptively. The accuracy of sentencing the the defendant in Decision Number 147/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.Sdr regarding legal subjects is based that the Panel of a judge s interprets ASN holding certain positions in government as ASN. The judge's considerations did not refer to the Civil Servant Law and the the defendant was a High Pratama Official, belonging to an Echelon 2 position, and this was based on the theory of a criminal responsibility that the actions taken by the the defendant were a burden of personal responsibility not the responsibility of the position. It has nothing to do with the main duties and official functions as Head of the Social, Civil and Population Registration Service, and not as a legitimate job order task. Legal proof of the the phrase "favorable" or "detrimental" to one of the Candidate pairs is inappropriate, because it is not based on the benefit or harm is a formal offense so it does not need to be proven because there is a potential loss and at the same time the theory of economics analysis of law on the principle of optimization, proving cost-benefit analysis, the principle of balance, and the principle of efficiency.

Fake Job Detection Using Machine Learning

Abstract: The research proposes an automated solution based on machine learning-based classification approaches to prevent fraudulent job postings on the internet. Many organizations these days like to list their job openings online so that job seekers may access them quickly and simply. However, this could be a form of scam perpetrated by con artists who offer job seekers work in exchange for money. Many people are duped by this fraud and lose a lot of money as a result. We can determine which job postings are fraudulent and which are not by conducting an exploratory data analysis on the data and using the insights gained. In order to detect bogus posts, a machine learning approach is used, which employs numerous categorization algorithms. The system would train the model to classify jobs as authentic or false based on previous data of bogus and legitimate job postings. To start, supervised learning algorithms as classification techniques can be considered to handle the challenge of recognizing scammers on job postings. It will employ two or more machine learning algorithms, selecting the one that yields the highest accuracy score in the prediction of whether a job advertising headline is genuine or not. Keywords: Fake Job, Online Recruitment, Machine Learning, Ensemble Approach.

‘Working to Live, Not Living to Work’: Low-Paid Multiple Employment and Work–Life Articulation

This article critically examines how low-paid workers, who need to work in more than one legitimate job to make ends meet, attempt to reconcile work and life. The concept of work–life articulation is utilised to investigate the experiences, strategies and practicalities of combining multiple employment with domestic and care duties. Based on detailed qualitative research, the findings reveal workers with two, three, four, five and even seven different jobs due to low-pay, limited working hours and employment instability. The study highlights the increasing variability of working hours, together with the dual fragmentation of working time and employment. It identifies unique dimensions of work extensification, as these workers have an amalgamation of jobs dispersed across fragmented, expansive and complex temporalities and spatialities. This research makes explicit the interconnected economic and temporal challenges of low-pay, insufficient hours and precarious employment, which creates significant challenges of juggling multiple jobs with familial responsibilities.

The Influence of Populistic and Protectionist Policy of the Trump Administration on the Treatment of Foreign Nationals Applying for Immigration Benefits

Abstract The article focuses on the obstacles to legal immigration imposed by the Trump administration against those who are already in the US pursuant to their valid non -immigrant classification and those who are abroad and trying to reunite with family members in the US or seeking entry having a legitimate job offer from a US employer. Recent changes in US immigration policy have been achieved through restrictive interpretation and enforcement of existing law by the USCIS which is part of the Department of Homeland Security, and by the State Department (DOS) rather than by substantive legislative changes done in Congress. The article provides an overview of the most recent governmental restrictions affecting so called “business immigration” and family -based immigrant processing, and also restrictions on suspension of entry to the US due to Covid-19, introduced through presidential proclamations. Although the federal courts blocked several of these administrative initiatives, the anti--immigrant atmosphere is having a big negative impact on many groups of foreign nationals. Nationalistic notions of “making America great again” that should be accomplished through “buy American and hire American” principle, and legal uncertainty causing ongoing federal lawsuits will undoubtedly lead to America’s further isolationism if President Trump wins the November 2020 election.

Hospitality, professionalism and meaningful work

Hospitality, professionalism and meaningful work

Harlem Pimps’ Reflections on Quitting: External and Internal Reasons

ABSTRACTPimps quit their illicit work in sex markets for many reasons, such as job dissatisfaction, having a child, going to prison, and feeling guilty. In this study, we used a mixed methods approach to explore pimps’ interdiscursive reasons for quitting. Our analytic sample focuses on 43 self-identified former pimps, who were interviewed in situ in housing projects in Harlem, New York. Based on existing desistance research, we hypothesize that pimps would express external or internal themes of quitting. External reasons involve changes due to the environment, (e.g., job dangerousness), events (e.g., going to prison) or opportunities (e.g., getting a legitimate job). Internal reasons center on change from within, such as in their morality. First, we qualitatively identify these themes and how they are connected within the accounts. Many accounts are interdiscursive, i.e., with multiple themes or some themes occurring across categories, such as having children and moral reasons. Second, we use non-metric, Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) to triangulate and systematically assess our qualitative findings. We find adequate support for this External to Internal typology, with 67.5% of the cases being classified as dominantly within one theme. Using non-metric MDS is a novel method to triangulate this type of qualitative data.

Nursing science development for nursing practice: a philosophical perspective

Knowledge development , research methodology definitely related to the philosopher's framework, it was very important for a scientific discipline to realize the philosophical orientation that is the basis for the development of theory and advancing science in nursing.
 Science becomes knowledge with the publication of results, then continue to grow as general knowledge and continued by wrote in text books, this ways would makes history to correct errors, science used physical evidence to answer questions and depends on modern humans to draw conclusions from the evidence, science looks to explain original sources, nature, and physical processes that might be detected in the univers.
 In practicing nursing science, nurse should stand in professional character as way to compete with others profession with several ways : 1) Legitimate job to brew great denomination 2) Valid proof in specific practice area 3) Diverse nursing knowledge in practice and theory 4) Control and standard in strong educational arrangement 5) Set up official organization in practice and education 6) Define interpersonal side in part of profession 7) Outrageously expand for ethical code and action
 

Nursing science development for nursing practice: a philosophical perspective

Knowledge development , research methodology definitely related to the philosopher's framework, it was very important for a scientific discipline to realize the philosophical orientation that is the basis for the development of theory and advancing science in nursing.
 Science becomes knowledge with the publication of results, then continue to grow as general knowledge and continued by wrote in text books, this ways would makes history to correct errors, science used physical evidence to answer questions and depends on modern humans to draw conclusions from the evidence, science looks to explain original sources, nature, and physical processes that might be detected in the univers.
 In practicing nursing science, nurse should stand in professional character as way to compete with others profession with several ways : 1) Legitimate job to brew great denomination 2) Valid proof in specific practice area 3) Diverse nursing knowledge in practice and theory 4) Control and standard in strong educational arrangement 5) Set up official organization in practice and education 6) Define interpersonal side in part of profession 7) Outrageously expand for ethical code and action
 

Antioquia's Regional Narratives and the Challenges of Professional Football in Medellín during the 1950s and 1960s

This article examines the challenges sportswriters and footballers faced in Antioquia (Colombia) during the 1950s and 1960s when trying to make of professional football a legitimate job and spectacle. Because in Colombia neither the nation‐state nor collective actors participated directly in professional football and the tournament involved teams from several regions, the history of these challenges illuminates the varying political and cultural conditions under which professional football developed, reveals footballers' agency to promote the sport, and demonstrates that professional football became a field in which different actors contested and forged regional narratives.

Beyond ghosts, gangs and good sorts: Commercial cannabis cultivation and illicit enterprise in England’s disadvantaged inner cities

This article focuses on the commercial cultivation of cannabis in England. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork with organised crime groups in disadvantaged locales, we argue that the rapid growth of cannabis cultivation is not the preserve of ‘ghosts, gangs and good sorts’. Rather, these new markets reflect significant socio-cultural and technological transformations and the involvement of independent entrepreneurial criminals who, for the most part, come from impoverished neighbourhoods that have experienced, in recent years, a significant decline in legitimate job opportunities. This article offers new empirical data that shed light upon the organisation of commercial cannabis cultivation. It also challenges dominant academic accounts of these markets.

When Any Sentence Is a Life Sentence: Employment Discrimination Against Ex-Offenders

For the 65 million Americans with a criminal record, it is cruelly ironic that perhaps the most important resource for turning their lives around — employment — is also often the most elusive. Shut out from legitimate job opportunities, many ex-offenders resort to illegal means of survival that hasten their return to prison. Recidivism has devastating consequences not only for the individual offender, but also the family, the community, and society at large. This Article proposes three amendments to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that seek to balance ex-offenders’ need for employment with employers’ safety concerns. First, employers should be prohibited from discriminating against an ex-offender whose criminal record is not directly related to the job in question or who does not pose an unreasonable threat to property or to the safety of others. Second, employer inquiries about an applicant’s criminal record should be delayed until after at least one job interview. Third, a negligent hiring provision should be added to Title VII that creates a rebuttable presumption against negligence and that caps damages in certain cases. These measures represent a sensible, middle-of-the-road approach that promotes the employment of ex-offenders in appropriate cases, while ensuring that neither employers nor the public is unduly burdened as a result.

Youth Unemployment and Crime in France

In this paper we examine the influence of unemployment on property crimes and on violent crimes in France for the period 1990 to 2000. This analysis is the first extensive study for this country.Weconstructaregional-leveldataset(forthe95departementsofmetropolitanFrance) with measures of crimes as reported to the Ministry of Interior. To assess social conditions prevailing in the departement in that year, we construct measures of the share of unemployed as well as other social, economic, and demographic variables using multiple waves of the French Labor Survey. We estimate a classic Becker-type model in which unemployment is a measure of how potential criminals fare in the legitimate job market. First, our estimates show that in the cross-section dimension, crime and unemployment are positively associated. Second, we find that increases in youth unemployment induce increases in crime. Using the predicted industrial structure to instrument unemployment, we show that this effect is causal for burglaries, thefts, and drug offenses. To combat crime, it appears thus that all strategies designed to combat youth unemployment should be examined. (JEL: J19, K42, J64, J65)

Adolescents at risk: A qualitative study of adolescent sex workers in Ibadan

Adolescent children in Nigeria are increasingly becoming engaged in sex work, and are being exploited and exposed to various sexual or health risk. In spite of the disconcerting increase in incidences with the associated risks, research efforts have not been concentrated on adolescents' sex work. with the false assumption that sex work is an adult business. Yet. in an era of HIV/Aids. the implications of adolescent sex work can further contribute to the national burden of the epidemic. This paper, presents the findings of a study conducted to determine the motivating factors for involvement in sex work. the profile of adolescent sex workers, perceived vulnerability to HIV/Aids and their future aspirations despite their captivation in this disturbing practice. Data was collected from forty-five adolescent sex workers, selected purposively. making use of the in-depth interview methods. Findings reveal that poverty, large families without financial means, peer pressure and poor socioeconomic background are the major contributing factors for the involvement of adolescents in sex work. They often realise that they face different kinds of risks in sex work, and all the adolescent sex workers interviewed desperately wanted to quit the work as soon as a legitimate job was available. The study concludes with some recommendations aimed at preventing potential adolescent girls from engaging in sex work. and striving towards a healthy life for those already involved.

Rational Choice and Environmental Deterrence in the Retention of Mandated Drug Abuse Treatment Clients

Length of treatment stay is consistently associated with positive posttreatment outcomes in the rehabilitation of drug-abusing offenders. However, past retention research centered on the examination of individual-level determinants to the exclusion of environmental predictors. In this study, the authors propose a rational choice framework in which treatment retention is viewed as a decision-making process that involves calculation of costs and benefits of remaining in treatment. Environmental factors not directly related to the treatment process are theorized to either reward or punish the course of action taken by each treatment client. Retention data from 1,984 drug-abusing felons diverted for long-term residential treatment were analyzed to test the hypotheses that criminal sanctions against drug offenses, violence in local drug markets, and lack of legitimate job opportunities act as deterrents against premature termination of treatment. Results corroborated the criminal sanction and unemployment hypotheses, but not the violence hypothesis. These findings highlight the necessity of reinforcing perceptions of arrest risks and job prospects during treatment. The study concludes with some clinical recommendations.

BAN THE BOX TO PROMOTE EX‐OFFENDER EMPLOYMENT

It is close to a criminological truism that the lack of a legitimate job fosters criminality and, conversely, that holding a legitimate job diminishes criminal conduct. Consequently, many criminologists and social reformers have long advocated programs to expand employment opportunities for ex-offenders, particularly for those who have served prison time. Strategies for improving employability of ex-offenders include providing ex-offenders with basic education and job-specific training, assisting in identifying potential employment opportunities, interceding on the job seeker’s behalf with prospective employers, and eliminating de jure and de facto employment discrimination against ex-offenders. Many federal and state laws make ex-offenders, or at least certain categories of ex-offenders, ineligible to obtain employment licenses or to work in organizations serving children, the elderly, and other vulnerable populations (Love, 2006). In fact, such laws have proliferated during the past two decades on account of tough-on-crime politics and heightened post-9/11 security concerns. The reentry movement has cast a bright light on these collateral consequences of conviction and has urged a wholesale review and reform of them (American Bar Association, 2004; Travis, 2005). We agree with reentry proponents that de jure prohibitions on exoffender employment are far too overbroad and that many should be repealed. In this article, however, we focus on de facto discrimination to highlight a recent trend for cities to voluntarily stop asking for criminal background information from applicants seeking city employment and, in some instances, employment with vendors who contract with the city (National Employment Law Project (NELP), 2007). By recognizing that society has much to lose by excluding ex-offenders from legitimate employment opportunities, several cities such as Boston, San Francisco, and Minneapolis have agreed to “ban the box” on initial job applications that ask applicants about past criminal convictions. These cities have committed themselves not to discriminate against ex-offenders and not to consider an applicant’s prior criminal record unless it is clearly related to the requirements of a particular position. This welcome step, if successful, might persuade other public and private employers to stop discriminating against job applicants with a criminal record.

Employment and Work Among Drug Court Clients: 12-Month Outcomes

Employment contributes to drug abuse treatment success and is an important treatment outcome (). However, few tailored employment interventions are available. This project developed an employment intervention focused on obtaining, maintaining, and upgrading employment. The current study, approved by an IRB, uses 12-month outcomes to examine intervention dosage effects. Participants were 500 clients who entered two Kentucky drug court programs between March 2000 and November 2002. Measures included demographics, drug/alcohol use, criminality, employment, and education measures from the Addiction Severity Index () as well as specific employment measures. To examine the intervention, the number of intervention upgrading sessions attended was divided by the number of possible upgrading sessions. Session attendance percentages were then used to median split into a low upgrading group and a high upgrading group and were compared with the no intervention group. These three groups were used in a series of ANOVA and chi-square analyses to examine differences at 12-month follow-up. When employment, legal work, illegal work, and employment problems were examined for one year and 30 days at follow-up, there were significant effects for jobs in the past year, days worked at a legitimate job in both the past year as well as 30 days, and income from a legitimate job in the past year. Participants in the high upgrade group received maximum employment benefits. Since legal earnings increased and illegal earnings decreased, drug-user treatment programs and practitioners should assess and refer clients to employment interventions. Tailored employment interventions should be tested to keep drug users in treatment and to increase treatment outcome. The study's limitations are noted and future needed research is suggested. The study was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Youth Unemployment and Crime in France

In this paper we examine the influence of unemployment on property crimes and on violent crimes in France for the period 1990 to 2000. This analysis is the first extensive study for this country. We construct a regional-level data set (for the 95 departements of metropolitan France) with measures of crimes as reported to the Ministry of Interior. To assess social conditions prevailing in the departement in that year, we construct measures of the unemployment rate as well as other social, economic and demographic variables using multiple waves of the French Labor Survey. We estimate a classic Becker type model in which unemployment is a measure of how potential criminals fare in the legitimate job market. First, our estimates show that in the cross-section dimension, crime and unemployment are positively associated. Second, we find that increases in youth unemployment induce increases in crime. Using the predicted industrial structure to instrument unemployment, we show that this effect is causal for burglaries, thefts, and drug offences. To combat crime, it appears thus that all strategies designed to combat youth unemployment should be examined.

A Comparison of Pimp- and Non-Pimp-Controlled Women

A study of 50 incarcerated urban prostitutes finds that 40% have been under the control of a pimp. Pimp-controlled prostitutes are more likely to be single, to have failed to complete high school, to be non-White, to have never held a legitimate job, and to come from exceptionally dysfunctional families. Pimp-controlled prostitutes were younger when they had their first sexual experience, first used illegal drugs, and first engaged in prostitution. Pimp-controlled prostitutes are also more likely to be the victims of violence from customers, suggesting that the pressure to make extra money to support the pimp exposes these women to additional risk. Because of these accumulated adverse experiences, this group may require additional, long-term interventions.

Employment, Employment-Related Problems, and Drug Use at Drug Court Entry

The literature indicates that employment may be an important factor for retaining substance misusing clients in treatment. Given the link between employment problems and treatment retention for Drug Court clients, the current project builds upon the existing services provided by Drug Courts in order to develop and implement an innovative model that focuses on obtaining, maintaining, and upgrading employment for Drug Court participants. The purpose of this article is to (1) describe the employment intervention used in Kentucky Drug Courts, which is grounded in established job readiness and life skill training approaches; and (2) profile those participants who were employed full-time prior to Drug Court and those who were not. Findings suggest that those employed full-time were more likely to have higher incomes and more earned income from legitimate job sources, although there were no differences in the types of employment (major jobs included food service and construction). In addition, study findings suggest that full-time employment was not “protective” since there were few differences in drug use and criminal activity by employment status. Employment interventions need to be examined to determine their utility for enhancing employment and keeping drug users in treatment. This article focuses on the initial 400 participants, who began entering the study in March, 2000.