Legendary Figure Research Articles

Louis Pasteur: A Legacy Unmasked.

Louis Pasteur is perhaps the most globally recognized French scientist. His groundbreaking discoveries in molecular chirality and advancements in fermentation greatly benefited brewers and winemakers. Pasteur introduced the process of pasteurization to sterilize wines and significantly contributed to the development of germ theory, which made Joseph Lister's antiseptic surgical techniques possible. Despite initially disproving Antoine Béchamp's theory that silkworm disease was caused by a microbial infection, Pasteur tackled this issue effectively. Building on the work of Henri Toussaint and Pierre Victor Galtier, he developed vaccines for pig erysipelas, chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies. Pasteur also coined the term "vaccination," which Richard Dunning had used before Edward Jenner expanded upon it. Although Robert Koch criticized Pasteur's vaccination methods as ambiguous, historians have clarified many of the myths surrounding Pasteur. This review explores Pasteur's career, his undeniable achievements, and the realities behind the legendary figure who strove to make a significant impact on science and medicine.

THE EARLY MEDIEVAL TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN TEZPUR: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

The Sonitpur district of Assam is steeped in a rich tapestry of mythology and historical significance, making it a captivating region to explore. According to the Kalika Purana, it was once under the rule of Bana, a legendary figure whose name resonates in the “Shanti Parva” of the Mahabharata. Bana, an ardent devotee of Lord Shiva, is renowned for leaving behind a legacy of numerous Shiva temples in Sonitpur.Traditional beliefs have preserved the ancient name Sonitpur for Tezpur, as documented in the Puranas, which underscores the deep-rooted historical continuity in the area. Tezpur is adorned with a multitude of temples and shrines, their ruins scattered throughout the region. These remnants serve as captivating archaeological subjects, offering valuable insights into the region’s cultural and historical heritage.This study takes an analytical approach to delve into some of the architectural remains of Tezpur under Sonitpur district of Assam. By examining the architectural marvels of this region, we can unlock the enduring legacy of its past and gain a deeper understanding of its cultural and historical significance.

The Public's Perception of Florence Nightingale's Legacy in the Digital Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis.

This study critically examines the public's perception of Florence Nightingale's legacy through a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of digital media, specifically podcasts and YouTube. Nightingale, who is often remembered as "The Lady with the Lamp", holds a complex identity within modern narratives that is celebrated for her pioneering contributions to nursing and public health, even if there are some disagreements about her, given the colonialist setting that may have shaped some of her opinions and decisions. This research employed CDA to analyze 25 podcasts and 18 YouTube videos, which were systematically included according to a priori inclusion criteria. The study synthesized how these media products portray Nightingale and, by extension, shape public discourse about the nursing profession. The findings reveal five thematic representations of Nightingale: as a legendary figure, a modern feminist, a dedicated statistician, a pioneer in public health, and a pivotal STEM contributor. These portrayals challenge traditional nursing stereotypes by emphasizing Nightingale's role as a rigorous scientist and reformer, suggesting broader perceptions of nurses that encompass leadership, analytical skills, and strategic thinking. The study supports the hypothesis that digital narratives significantly influence the public's understanding and appreciation of nursing, advocating for a more nuanced professional identity that integrates traditional caregiving roles with critical and analytical capabilities.

Peran Motif Budaya dalam Cerita Rakyat Melayu dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Identitas Kebudayaan Masyarakat

This research examines the role of cultural motifs in Malay folklore and their impact on people's cultural identity. Malay folklore, with motifs such as mythological symbols, legendary figures, and traditional values, not only entertains but also strengthens the recognition and maintenance of cultural identity. Through a qualitative approach that combines text analysis and in-depth interviews, this research explores how these cultural motifs influence the construction of cultural identity, as well as their role in maintaining and developing local cultural heritage. The findings of this research highlight the importance of folklore in strengthening people's social and spiritual connections with their cultural environment.

The Evolution of Warfare and Weapons in Japan, 792–1392

The fearsome Japanese samurai, a legendary figure whose primary attribute was loyalty or honor, needs no introduction. He is strongly associated with the equally famous katana. The popular image of the samurai probably would appear wearing armor but certainly does not carry a shield. This figure, many assume, must have dominated medieval Japan. Yet is this samurai image accurate? Can it withstand sustained scrutiny? What was Japanese warfare really like 1000 years ago? In this article, I evaluate the key sources on medieval warfare in Japan, identifying the contributions of each and pointing out some methodological problems they face. The most prominent casualty of this synthetic analysis is the pop culture image of the heroic and honorable sword-wielding samurai.

Chains of Consolation: Ghost-Writing Death’s Tales in Salena Godden’s Mrs Death Misses Death (2021)

Salena Godden’s novel Mrs Death Misses Death (2021) brings the principle of ghost-writing to new symbolic grounds as the protagonist, Wolf Willeford, a young writer, turns the memories and diaries of Death herself into memoirs. Part poetical fiction, part song-book, the hybrid work compiles tales of death and mourning together with episodes of Wolf’s existence, thereby mingling legends with accounts of real-life events (such as the Grenfell fire of 2017). The combination of traumatic and magical realism carves a literary language for nested gestures of transmission (from Death to her ghost-writer, from Godden to her reader and even from reader to reader), in a book whose last section doubles as a ‘private ritual’ space of collective mourning for victims of the Covid-19 pandemic (302). While Godden’s elegy questions the possibility of passing down the personal memory and collective history of traumatic events, it also promotes the literary regeneration and transmission of mourning rituals in a seemingly “deritualised” contemporary British society (Clavandier 2009, 91). It is no coincidence that Godden should offer a humanising “re-vision” (Rich 1979, 35) of Death by replacing the legendary figure of the Grim Reaper with an elderly black beggar woman, a “rubbish collector” who “collect[s] spirits up and carr[ies] burdens away” (152). In this unlikely friendship story, ghost-writing is akin to being “the listener, the messenger, the passenger” (74): the book revives the tradition of oral tales by turning transmission into an act of care. This paper thus aims to investigate the paradoxical ways in which the passing down of Death’s tales forms a chain of consolation for characters and readers alike.

Controversial issues about the nationality of the historical legendary figure of English literature King Arthur

Controversial issues about the nationality of the historical legendary figure of English literature King Arthur

Thematic Analysis of the Sociocultural Decapitation in Karnad’s Play: ‘Tale-danda’

Drama is a source of entertainment as well as enlightenment. Girish Karnad uses this audio-visual medium to bring to light a social vice of India, namely, casteism and its age-old impact on its victims. Its sway on society and the resultant retaliation by its sufferers is highlighted by the dramatist using the legendary figure of Mahatma Basaveshwara as a reformer in one of his English plays entitled Tale-danda (The Beheading) in English. Karnad’s approach in this play is full of censure against the oppression of the underprivileged. For ages, they were the victims of social persecution which once resulted in an anti-elitist uprising in south India. The movement later culminated in a kind of sociocultural decapitation of the underprivileged in twelfth-century Karnataka. The present paper attempts to focus on this historical event and its aftermath as dramatized in the play on the avenging individuals.

“A Much More Valuable Signature”: Gender, Factory Labor, and the Mythology of Builder-Signed Amplifiers from Fender's “Tweed” Era, 1948–60

AbstractAmplifiers from Fender's so-called Tweed era (1948–60) are among the most valuable instruments in all popular music. Inside most Fender Tweed amplifiers is a piece of masking tape bearing the signature of the worker who hand-wired the amplifier's circuit. Today, collectors have elevated several of Fender's previously unknown Latina employees into legendary figures with near cultlike followings. In the absence of biographical information about these women, however, the contemporary discourse about them is often highly romanticized. In this article, I present novel historical information about Fender's Tweed-era employees to counter the misinformation surrounding them and Fender's mid-century Fullerton, California factory system more broadly. Analyzing contemporary discourses surrounding Fender's earliest employees, I also critique the persistence of gendered and racialized stereotypes about Fender's female employees being naturally equipped for labor-intensive assembly work due to their supposedly “nimble fingers.” This article also details the social processes through which Fender's Tweed amplifiers have been made “vintage,” and the company's mid-century mass-production techniques have since been attributed the same artisanal values associated with vintage string instrument making. Ultimately, I show how the builder-signatures contained within Fender's Tweed-era amplifiers have been central to the discursive production of value among collectors.

Yaşamak İçin Savaşmak: Türk Kültüründe Boksun Tarihsel Gelişimi

Sports have been an integral part of Turkish culture since ancient times, with Turks valuing physical abilities, agility, and strength. This article explores the historical and cultural significance of sports in Turkish society, focusing specifically on boxing. It highlights the historical significance of sports as a means of physical and mental preparation for war, while also acknowledging the contemporary achievements and aspirations of Turkish boxing in the international arena. The article begins by explaining the connection between sports and warfare in Turkish culture. The nomadic lifestyle of Turks, which required them to be constantly wandering and on the verge of danger, led them to prioritize physical strength and combat skills. This emphasis on sports as a means of survival and preparation for war can be traced back to the pre-Islamic era, as evident in ancient epics and inscriptions. As an example, one of the great writers of the 16th century, Sudi's book "Hediyet-ul Irfan Fimahr-ul Gulistan" includes boxing. Sudi referred to the "punch shooters" game in his work and stated that some of the students who came to Samarkand to receive training after learning how the game was played while he was in Damascus were masters of boxing demonstrations. In Divanu Lugati't-Turk, the oldest known Turkish dictionary, written by Mahmud of Kashgar between 1072-1074 in Baghdad, it is reported that boxing can be observed in Turkish history in this period, based on terms similar to boxing. Furthermore, the body shapes of legendary figures like Oguz Kagan, depicted with images of powerful animals, reflect the importance placed on muscle strength in Turkish culture. Throughout different Turkish states, including Hun, Gokturk, Seljuk, and Ottoman, various sports branches such as hunting, archery, wrestling, horse riding, and sword handling emerged and developed. These sports evolved from practical war preparation to become inseparable parts of Turkish daily life. Sports were not only valued for their physical benefits but also played a role in children's upbringing, the selection of Khans and Sultans, and even wedding ceremonies and traditions. The paper then goes into the historical evolution of boxing in modern Turkiye. While boxing has roots in ancient Turkish civilizations, its modern form was introduced by Monsieur Goury, a French Literature Teacher, during the late Ottoman Empire. Boxing gained popularity during the occupation of Istanbul, as competitions between foreign soldiers took place. The interest in boxing continued to increase after the War of Independence, leading to the establishment of the first boxing clubs and the organization of competitions in the early 20th century. The establishment of the Turkish Boxing Federation in 1923 marked an important milestone for the sport. Turkish boxers began participating in national and international competitions and achieved success in the Olympic Games, including a gold medal in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, which was the first Olympic gold medal in Turkish boxing history. The article concludes by acknowledging the progress made in Turkish boxing and highlighting the ongoing efforts to popularize the sport, train successful athletes, and increase the number of licensed active participants. While Turkish boxing has a rich history, there is still room for further development and modernization. However, the achievements in recent years and the commitment of the Turkish Boxing Federation point towards a promising future for the sport in Turkiye.

Game Asset Design As A Culture Conservation Effort Through New Media

Indonesia has a very rich culture, but not much is known by the wider National community, even though some are known but are slowly being forgotten because they have been defeated by technological developments. The purpose of this research is to conserve culture in Toba Batak through new media packaged in digital game technology. Through this method, it is hoped that it can indirectly introduce regional culture to its target audience, namely youth people from the millennial generation. The methods Narrative Literature Review (NLR) that used are collecting data, analyzing data, determining assets, illustrating assets (sketching, coloring), assisting with asset illustrations, revising, and finalizing 2D asset designs. This design asset is succeeded creating 6 (six) game assets design in the form of 2D illustrations of the Batak Toba culture. That is, legendary figures, traditional clothing (men and women), traditional houses, traditional weapons, traditional food, and landscapes. In the future, this asset design will be made into a 3D model to be implemented into the game engine.

"The Terrors of Kingly Power": The Unusual Dental Pathology of King Pyrrhus of Epirus.

Pyrrhus of Epirus, widely respected and feared by his contemporaries, was a legendary figure in the ancient world. In this paper, we investigate Plutarch's description of the king's unique dental pathology. There are several possibilities to explain the ancient king's presentation, including several different types of developmental dysplasia.However, our conclusion is that it was likely due to a significant dental calculus overgrowth, often seen in the ancient Greek diet of the time. Whatever the underlying cause, Pyrrhus' intimidating visage helped secure the king a legacy that lasts to this day.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OPPRESSOR AND THE OPPRESSED IN GOROGLU EPIC

The Koroglu Epic, one of the most important epics of Turkish folk literature, recounts the epic life of Koroglu, a legendary figure whose birth date and place are unknown. A poet and folk hero who lived in Bolu and Ankara in the sixteenth century. Koroglu is recognized by all aspects of Turkish and world literature. However, the sources of factual and accurate information about him are very limited. Although this situation diminishes our opinion of him, there are plenty of research opportunities because his saga is so widely circulated. Being a folk hero, the poet lived in Bolu, Turkey. Bolo Bey, who oppressed his people, opposed his father, and with his father's death at the hands of Bolo Bey, his hatred, anger and rebellion increased. Given that he lived around the 16th century and participated in the wars during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Murad III, the history of the epic is very old. His conflict with Bolo Bey, a gentleman who oppresses his people, is instrumental in making him a folk hero. Koroglu, who could not find the justice he was looking for and did not want to remain silent against oppression, went to the mountains and became a bandit. In this case, it could be considered a kind of cruelty. Where in fact, on the contrary, he went to the mountains and challenged the government because he did not give in to persecution. The words harsh and oppressive are of Arabic origin and are used in the same sense in Turkish. Al Qasi means the oppressor, and the oppressed means the person who is persecuted by the oppressor and condemned to live under an unjust system. When our field of study is Koroğlu, questions such as what is cruel and oppressive or how is this situation assessed? In this study, we will study the revolution of the popular poet known as Koroglu against oppression, and the relationship between oppression, the oppressed, and the oppressed, within the framework of the Koroglu Epic

Between and Betwixt the Other Theatre and the Theatre of the Other:

This article deals with the legendary figure of Eugenio Barba as a paradigmatic case to demonstrate the difference between the other theatre and the theatre of the other. Its main objective is to discuss the juxtaposition of performativity as (re)presenting, showing, and self-awareness by narrating the myth of Barba. The argument is presented through six interconnected caveats: the legend and its myth; The Moon rises from the Ganges: the story inside the myth; the critique of western civilization: an insider's story of self-reflexivity; the other theatre is not the theatre of the other; the life-world of the myth of Barba; and finally, performing otherness, othering performance. The article is addressed mainly but not exclusively to readers with a background in cultural anthropology, performance studies, theater studies, hermeneutics, phenomenology, history of civilization, literary theory, colonialism, and representation of the other.

Between Legalism and Mystical Intuism: Sunan Kalijaga’s Qibla Direction in Pati and Demak Grand Mosque

This study aims to discover the process of determining the direction of the qibla by Sunan Kalijaga (one of Walisongo), employing a mystical and intuition (divine inspiration) method. This study is a qualitative field research using a socio-cultural approach. The research objects are the Baiturrahim Gambiran Pati Mosque and Demak Grand Mosque, Central Java. These mosques were built by Sunan Kalijaga. The results of this study revealed why the people of Gambiran Pati and Demak Grand Mosque still use the Sunan Kaljaga version of the qibla direction compared to the qibla direction using scientific technology. Some factors that influence include, first, the historical value factor of the Baiturrahim Mosque and Demak Grand Mosque as the guardian mosque and also the legendary figure of Sunan Kalijaga. Second, The socio-cultural characteristics of the Gambiran Pati and Demak communities are familiar with the mystical Kejawen.Contribution: This research contributes to understanding the method of determining the direction of the qibla by Sunan Kalijaga using mystical and intuitive approaches. It focuses on two historical mosques, the Baiturrahim Mosque in Gambiran Pati and the Grand Mosque of Demak, considering their historical, religious, and socio-cultural factors.

Editor's Desk. As a Byzantine Eagle

Welcome to the seventh special issue of the international journal Ekistics and the New Habitat: The problems and science of human settlements. On behalf of the Advisory Editorial Board, I would like to briefly introduce the present special issue: Ekistics- Related Research in Greece (Part 1 of 2): A Critical Approach to the Ekistics Legacy. This issue is dedicated to Panayis Psomopoulos (1926-2017), a legendary figure in Ekistics whose efforts to lead the organisation and the journal Ekistics secured its legacy and laid the foundation for the current journal. It is in his memory that the contributions to this issue have been prepared. .....

Study of Margaret Atwood’s Writing Study in Effect on Feminist

Through Margaret Atwood's works, the research explores the woman's struggle for survival as it defines her role as a woman in modern society. Her books deal with the theme of survival as shown by the female characters. Her books' major themes include failure and fertility, multiculturalism, nature vs humanity, the search for one's own identity, Southern Ontario Gothic, unlikely legends, urban versus rural, and women's empowerment. She has tried to include all of her experiences as a woman, a female, and an essayist because she is recognized as a women's movement author of the 1960s. Patriotism has a strong hold upon Atwood. Her sense of feminism, patriotism and both the Canadian and female characters is also connected to her feminism. Her fundamental compositions reveal her awareness of gender and struggle for existence. Her characters and their personalities are subtly revealed in her stories, which transport the reader to a previous memory through which the present is seen and experienced. Atwood controls women's comfortable and realistic interactions in her books, and she creates a self-portrait of women as artisans and legends who are reliable to their own internal paths. She paints a portrait of a legendary figure whose persona doesn't require depth or tenderness. The protagonists and the novels have a remarkable relationship that allows for the recording of their emotions and dreams.

The diffusion of Bruner's psychological research in China and its impact.

Jerome S. Bruner (1915-2016) is a legendary figure in psychology and one of the most influential psychologists and educators of this era. His research interests were diverse, and his achievements were impressive. Although Bruner's contributions are significant, no studies have been undertaken to investigate the value and impact of his theories outside the United States, to the detriment of scholarship. To fill this research gap, this article analyzes Chinese research on Bruner's work to determine the influence of such research in China. Through a systematic historical investigation and theoretical interpretation, this article indicates the different stages of transmission, outstanding contributions, and future development path of Bruner's influence on Chinese psychology. This serves to expand the field of research psychology. Promoting the diversified integration of psychology and obtaining an in-depth understanding of the frontier issues that this international psychologist was concerned with has important academic significance for the future development of Chinese psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Red Banners, Books, and Beer Mugs: The Mental World of German Social Democrats, 1863–1914

Red Banners, Books, and Beer Mugs: The Mental World of German Social Democrats, 1863–1914

Bishnu Prasad Rabha from an Indian Perspective: A Revolutionary and Cultural Icon of Assam

On January 31, 1909, Bishnu Prasad Rabha was born in Dhaka, which is now in Bangladesh, but was a part of pre-independence India. Gopal Chandra Rabha was Bishnu Prasad Rabha's father, and Gethi Das was his mother. During his time in college, Rabha actively participated in the Indian independence struggle. His active involvement in the fight against the British meant that, although attending several colleges, including Karmail Academic in Rongpur, Victoria College in Cooch Behar, and St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College in Kolkata, his academic education was never fully completed. In 1930, he took part in Gandhiji's Non-Cooperation Movement. Following India's independence in 1947, Rabha began to rebel against the wealthy landowners, known as Jamindars, who were abusing the common people. As a result, he became animosity with the government and had to hide from the watchful eyes. He joined the Communist Party in support of the freedom of the underprivileged and oppressed ordinary people. He carried a pen in one hand and a stein-gun in the other, both dedicated to the people's liberty. An equitable society was Bishnu Rabha's utopian vision. This research paper aims to examine Bishnu Prasad Rabha's involvement in the fight for India's independence, as well as his activism as a Communist Party member for the emancipation of the impoverished and oppressed common people. A legendary figure's life story and historiography can accurately reflect the social progress of a given era. Bishnu Prasad Rabha was a true bohemian and artist in arms who, against the backdrop of the eastern Indian subcontinent's liberation movement, emphasised a crucial role in the development of revolutionary ideas of a society. Rabha was recognised as the Assamese people's symbol, "Kalaguru.". In this paper, Bishnu Prasad Rabha a revolutionary and cultural icon from Assam is seen from an Indian perspective.