Legalization Of Same-sex Marriage Research Articles

Marriage Equality and the Transnational Flow of Skilled Labor: The Impact of Same-Sex Marriage Legalization in the United States on the Inflow of Skilled Labor

This paper examines the impact on skilled labor migration to the United States of same-sex marriage legalization in European countries and US federal recognition of foreign same-sex marriages. Analyzing US Department of Homeland Security data, we find that European legalization decreased skilled labor admissions to the United States by 22 percent, most notably after six years. However, US recognition of foreign same-sex marriages mitigated this effect post-2013, indicating that such legalizations facilitate skilled labor movement between nations.

DEDE OETOMO: HIS STRUGGLE AGAINST DISCRIMINATION OF HOMOSEXUALITY FROM 1978 TO 2016

Dede Oetomo, born in 1953, is Indonesia’s first LGBT (currently popular with LGBTQ+) activist. He uses the LGBT organisation GAYa NUSANTARA as a vehicle for LGBT to obtain safe sex education, to gain their emancipation in same-sex marriage, and to struggle anti-social and political discrimination. In this research essay, I will explain Oetomo’s struggle from his childhood to adulthood when he struggled for the LGBT emancipation in Indonesia, a Muslim-majority country. I use qualitative method to conduct the research begun with collecting primary sources like old magazines and photos from the GAYa Nusantara website. The result of the research shows that although Oetomo has had some minor success with his LGBT organisation to gain legal same-sex marriage and abolishing discrimination against LGBT, Oetomo keeps struggling to bring LGBT emancipation acknowledged in the Indonesian law.

Marriage Equality Around the World: A Myth or Reality

Abstract: First comes love, then comes marriage, then comes the baby in the carriage." This children's riddle shows that the right to marry and start a family is granted to many, but not to all. The prominent Call for legalizing same-sex marriage is growing around the world, but whether and to what extent that acceptance will lead to amplified social acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. As the relationship of lesbian and gay couples has been considered taboo for centuries. The legalization of same-sex unions, or marriage equality, has been a persistent global concern. The rights of the LGBT+ community have seen a considerable shift in recent years, with the legalization of same-sex marriages in many nations. By 2023, 34 nations have allowed same-sex Marriage; the Netherlands was the first to do so in 2001. Only one nation in Asia (Taiwan) and one nation in Africa (South Africa) permit same-sex unions, with the majority of these nations being in Europe and the Americas. The LGBT+ community still experiences prejudice and persecution in many nations where same-sex marriage is illegal. Even the death penalty is used as punishment for homosexuality in some nations. Despite this, the initiative for marriage equality is still flourishing, with more and more nations recognizing same-sex couples' legal rights to marry and getting the same protections and advantages as opposite-sex couples.

A Pious Paradox

The divergent trajectories in the legalization of same-sex marriage amidst disparate levels of religiosity challenges conventional wisdom about the relationship between religion, state, and society. Contrary to the conventional belief that higher religiosity in countries fosters conservative views and resistance to progressive social reforms, Argentina and Chile present an intriguing anomaly. Utilizing data from the World Values Survey and examining the historical, political, and social contexts of each country, this paper seeks to understand why Argentina, with its higher religiosity and constitutional favoritism towards Catholicism, became the first Latin American country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2010, while Chile, less religious but more socially conservative, followed much later in 2021. The paper explores the divergent pre and post-dictatorship economic philosophies, governmental structures, sociopolitical landscapes and the distinct roles of the Catholic Church in 21st century Chilean and Argentine politics. It argues that in Argentina, individual political views and a vibrant civil society have developed independently of religious beliefs, fostering a political culture more open to progressive social reform. Conversely, Chile’s entrenched neoliberal policies and the Catholic Church’s sustained influence in Chilean civil society align with more conservative social values, impeding similar progress. These findings challenge the assumption that higher levels of religiosity necessarily correlate with social conservatism and underscore the complex interplay between religion, government, and social values. This research not only illuminates the nuanced dynamics at play in the legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Latin America but also suggests broader implications for understanding the impact of religiosity on political and social attitudes globally.

Beyond Gender Norms: Deepening Understanding of Transgender Individuals in Taiwan

<p>隨著同性婚姻合法化，社會對性少數議題關注增加，但跨性別相關議題仍未受到足夠重視。本文從不強調生理性別、不隨意幫人出櫃、以及適當的稱讚方式等方面，提出對跨性別者的互動需注意的要點。在臨床和日常生活中，尊重性別認同、避免刻板印象，有助於建立更友善、尊重的溝通氛圍。</p> <p> </p><p>Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in Taiwan in May 2019, Taiwanese citizens have become increasingly aware of the concerns of sexual minorities. One subgroup of sexual minorities that continues to be underappreciated is transgender individuals. This article offers several recommendations for sensitively interacting with transgender individuals, such as not emphasizing their biological sex, refraining from outing individuals against their wishes, and avoiding inappropriate words of praise. In both clinical and daily settings, respecting gender identity and avoiding stereotypes helps establish a friendly and respectful atmosphere.</p> <p> </p>

Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage in terms of Islamic Law: a Comparative Study of Indonesia and Germany

Marriage is the behavior of creatures created by God Almighty so that life in the natural world develops well. Marriage is recommended and regulated in Islam because it has a noble purpose. As time progresses, marriages which were initially only carried out by heterosexual couples are now seeing the emergence of the phenomenon of same-sex marriages or marriages by LGBT people. What is worrying is that the LGBT phenomenon is growing rapidly in Indonesia due to increasingly open freedoms. This raises pros and cons. Same-sex marriage in Indonesia, a Muslim-majority country, has caused controversy and is considered illegal deviant behavior. However, there are also several countries in the world that have legalized same-sex marriage, including Germany, where Muslims are a minority. In 2017, Germany officially passed regulations regarding same-sex marriage including the right to adopt children. This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the topic of same-sex marriage among LGBT actors in Germany and Indonesia using a socio-legal approach. This research has the results of a study that the phenomenon of same-sex marriage by LGBT people that occurs in Germany and Indonesia are two different things and cannot be equated. Several factors behind this are the socio-cultural context which causes society's reactions and the implementation of government regulations regarding same-sex marriage to be different.

Strategi International Lesbian, Gay, Bixesual, Transgender, and Intersex Association (ILGA) dalam Mendorong Legalisasi Pernikahan Sesama Jenis di Taiwan

The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) is an international organization formed in 1978. ILGA was establisehd with the aim of voicing equal rights and calling for anti-discrimination against LGBT groups. Taiwan, in 2019 became the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage. This policy cannot be separated from ILGA's influence. Through this writing, the authors review the strategy implemented by ILGA in supporting the legalization of same-sex marriage in Taiwan in 2019 using qualitative research methods and the policy influencer concept. This research describes ILGA's strategies, including; getting Taiwan government political support, how ILGA carries out political lobbying, building pro-LGBT alliances and encouraging dissemination and public knowledge regarding LGBT and same-sex marriage.

When to Marry, if at All?A Qualitative Exploration of How Sexual Minority Young Adults in the US Think About Marital Timing

According to prior research, the average age at first marriage has steadily increased in the US due in large part to the significance that young adults place on marriage and their evolving conceptions of marital readiness. However, despite the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage in 2015, there is a significant oversight of sexual minorities in this research. To address this, we draw upon qualitative data collected through an online survey to explore how our sample of unmarried sexual minority young adults (N=256) think about marital timing. The results of our thematic analysis show that those in our sample often think about marital timing in terms of “checkpoints,” circumstances or conditions such as financial security, college education, and/or personal maturity that they hope to achieve prior to getting married. Our survey respondents also reported considering their families and broader norms regarding age at marriage, and even those who indicated not wanting to marry reported that they might do so if their partner wants to marry, or they suddenly need the legal rights or benefits associated with marriage. These results suggest that sexual minority young adults think about marital timing and readiness in ways that are quite like heterosexual young adults.

What Did Obergefell Change? Clearance of Intimate Partner Violence Before and After the Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage.

Historically, same-sex intimate partner violence (IPV) was ignored, and victims often experienced high rates of harassment and intimidation from police, leading to low reporting of same-sex IPV incidents, victims' unwillingness to cooperate with the police, and common arrests in such incidents. Although the Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) legalized and legitimized same-sex marriages and relationships in the U.S., mandating the inclusion of same-sex partners in protective order laws and yielding collateral benefits for victims of same-sex IPV, it is unclear if the decision has had a positive effect on same-sex IPV clearance rates. This study uses National Incident-Based Reporting System data to compare IPV clearance (arrest, dual arrest, victim noncooperation, and prosecution declined) pre (2013/2014) and post (2016/2017) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015). Regression results show no substantial changes in same-sex IPV clearance after Obergefell v. Hodges (2015). Compared to opposite-sex IPV, same-sex IPV was less likely to be cleared by arrest but much more likely to be cleared by dual arrest, victim noncooperation, and prosecution declined. Same-sex IPV involving Black couples and married partners were also less likely to be cleared by arrest but more likely to be cleared by dual arrest than Black/White same-sex IPV and incidents involving unmarried partners, respectively. Moreover, same-sex IPV victims experience unfavorable criminal justice outcomes in states with mandatory arrest policies but fare better in states that supported same-sex relationships prior to Obergefell. The implications of these findings for practice and research are discussed.

“I Would Like to, But My World Wouldn’t End If I Didn’t”: Marital Aspirations Among Sexual Minority Young Adults

Despite the legalization of same-sex marriage across the US, research on young adults’ marital aspirations has tended to overlook sexual identity altogether or focus exclusively on those who are heterosexual. To address this, in this article, I draw upon quantitative and qualitative data from an online survey to describe the marital aspirations and motivations of a convenience sample of sexual minority young adults ( N = 256). Descriptive analyses indicate that although a majority of respondents would like to marry someday, a similar number claim that getting married is not “a major life goal.” Those who want to marry cite several primary reasons, including companionship and lifelong commitment, but also qualify their marital aspirations in several ways, including by questioning both the necessity and normativity of marriage. The relatively small number of respondents do not want to marry express similar concerns and critique marriage as a heteronormative institution.

Confucian Family Ideal and Same-Sex Marriage: A Feminist Confucian Perspective

AbstractThis article engages the views of PRC Confucian scholars who responded to the United States Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy's citing of Confucius in his majority opinion on same-sex marriage in 2015. It questions their separation of tolerance for homosexuality from legalization of same-sex marriage and argue that tolerance is not enough. The arguments in the mainland Confucian discourse about same-sex marriage highlights the historical and persistent entanglement of Confucianism with patriarchy. Instead of reviving traditional patriarchal society, further entrenching and increasing gender inequality, contemporary Confucianism could shape its own unique modern society that aspires to (and hopefully one day achieving) gender equality together with sexual inclusivity by deconstructing the patriarchal Confucian family and reconstructing a different Confucian family ideal. Accepting same-sex marriage would lend weight to the latter, and there are Confucian reasons for legalizing same-sex marriage and recognizing its ethical value.

Labor Market Outcomes of Same-Sex Couples in Countries with Legalized Same-Sex Marriage

Labor Market Outcomes of Same-Sex Couples in Countries with Legalized Same-Sex Marriage

Ethico-Moral and Legal Implications of Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage in the Philippines

Marriage, as a fundamental personal right granted to men and women, bears a special function. Under the Philippine law, family law is based on the policy that marriage is not a mere contract, but a social institution in which the State is vitally interested. However, these statutory provisions which gave high regard and value, and therefore highlights the importance of marriage as a social institution is only true in marriages contracted between a man and a woman. These fancies are not true with the same-sex couples which also hope and dream to become married. Same sex relationship has recently been criticized by many not only on grounds of being immoral but also as a practice that erodes certain values attached to marriage and procreation. In this study, the researcher ascertained the respondents’ level of agreement on the possibility of legalizing same-sex marriage. The same study also discussed the proposed bills legal implications including several provisions which contradicts the provisions of the already existing Family Code of the Philippines. The moral implications of the proposed law would revolve on the already existing and conceived concept of marriage by the catholic church. There will be clash between the moral standard of the society regarding marriage to the new idea of marriage which includes marriage between the same sex. The findings suggests that the best remedy for this same-sex marriage issue is to look at it on a legal and not on a moral sense.

Measuring the Effects of Obergefell v. Hodges: Revisiting Same-Sex Marriage Legalization and the Demand for Mortgage Credit

Measuring the Effects of Obergefell v. Hodges: Revisiting Same-Sex Marriage Legalization and the Demand for Mortgage Credit

동성애 가족에 대한 대학생의 태도 연구

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine same-sex marriage legalization in Korea, occurring at a time of different opinions on homosexuality, and through this, the attitude of college students toward same-sex families. The paper describes the participants' views on same-sex marriage legalization and the reasons behind these perspectives, and explains their opinions on the experiences of children in same-sex families after the legalization.
 Methods: 58 college students attending metropoli tan higher-learning institutions participated in this s tudy. They were divided into groups for protocol description, and focus group interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the constant comparison and focus group interview analysis methods.
 Results: The results of this study were as follows: First, respect for individual freedom and human rights was the primary core value for college s tudents in forming views on same-sex marriage legalization. Second, they were concerned that the legalization of same-sex marriage would be in conflict with the values of heterosexual families and create social confusion. Third, even if their views on legalization were positive, participants showed reservations about same-sex families based on van ous difficulties that such children may face during their development. Fourth, college students emphasized that same-sex parents should guarantee their children's right to self-detennination and protect them from social stigma.
 Conclusion/Implications: This study explores college students' attitudes toward same-sex marriage and same-sex families contrary to heterosexism. Amid van ous discussions on the legislation of same-sex marriage currently underway, the results of this study may contribute to scholarly discourse on children of same- sex families.

Islamization of Western Social Contract Theory from the Perspective of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas

The secular social contract as the basis of democracy gives birth to policies and laws that are far from religious principles and norms. For example, the legalisation of same-sex marriage and the legalisation of prostitution in most Western countries. This is certainly not in line with Islamic values and needs Islamisation. For this reason, this article aims to explain al-Attas' idea of Islamisation and social contract theory as an example, in order to become an alternative way of Islamic politics. Through literature research with a content analysis approach, it can be concluded that first, the Western social contract is based on an anthropocentric and secular paradigm. Second, the agreement between people with the general will becomes the determinant of policy, third, there is a need for Islamisation of social contract theory with the concept of bai'ah which has a theocentric or tawhidi paradigm, as an alternative way of Islamic politics

Queer Stigma on Social Media: A Sentiment Analysis of YouTube Video Comments

This paper is based on a sentiment analysis conducted on comments of YouTube videos about the Supreme Court of India’s verdict of October 17, 2023 concerning the legalisation of same-sex marriage. The paper attempts to analyse the prevalence of anti-queer sentiments in online comments and understand them in context of the social stigma surrounding the queer community in India. First, the prevalence of anti-queer sentiments, pro-queer sentiments and neutral sentiments are quantified. Second, the different themes significant to a particular sentiment are identified. Finally, the relevance of anti-queer sentiments in propagation of messages stigmatising the queer community is discussed.

How does legalisation of same-sex marriage affect stigma against lesbians across different age cohorts in Taiwan

Structural stigma assumes a central role in shaping both individual and interpersonal processes of stigma, while also contributing to health disparities . The recognition of the right to marry serves as a critical benchmark for evaluating a society's commitment to eliminating this structural stigma that affects marginalized groups. The legal sanctioning of same-sex marriage can serve as a protective macro-environmental factor with substantial implications for the psychological well-being and health of same-sex couples. Previous research has predominantly explored how LGBTQ+ individuals make sense of the legalization of same-sex marriage, but it has generally neglected to examine variations across different age cohorts. Also, discussions regarding the impact of same-sex marriage legalization in non-Western contexts remain conspicuously underdeveloped. The present study seeks to bridge these gaps by centering its investigation on Taiwan as the research site and exploring the influence of same-sex marriage legalization on the stigma experienced by lesbians of marriageable age.

Analisis Yuridis Eksistensi Hukum Homoseksual dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia

This research examines the existence of homosexual laws within the framework of legal regulations in Indonesia. The close relationship between law and human rights (HAM) is the main focus, with the issue of homosexuality causing divisions in society. In the context of human rights, universal principles emphasize that every individual has the same rights without discrimination. However, laws and regulations in Indonesia do not yet provide clear guidance regarding the existence of homosexuals. This results in divisions in society. This research uses a normative juridical method with a regulatory and conceptualization approach. The results show that the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law of the Republic of Indonesia no. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights recognizes human rights without discrimination, but must be in line with religious values, morality and law. Marriage arrangements in Indonesia emphasize marriage as a bond between a man and a woman, based on the principle of belief in one Almighty God. The legalization of same-sex marriage raises various problems, including conflict with religious norms and a decline in birth rates. In the context of criminal law, the spread of ideology that is contrary to Pancasila can be subject to sanctions. Therefore, the movement to legalize homosexuality in Indonesia may face legal obstacles. Indonesian National Work Competencies in the Field of Forensic Audit.Forensic Audit.

Exploring the Necessity and Potentials of Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in China

In recent years, the LGBTQ+ community in mainland China has been gaining attention of the society. More and more studies have focused on the issue of affirmative action for the LGBTQ+ community, but a more detailed discussion on the legalization of same-sex marriage in mainland China is still lacking. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the necessity of legalizing same-sex marriage in China and potentially feasible ways to better protect the right to freedom of marriage that the homosexual community deserves. It is expected that this study will advance the process of legalizing same-sex marriage in China to better safeguard the legitimate rights of the homosexual community.