Legal Rights Research Articles

The Role of Religious Education on Islamic Legal Awareness in Relation to Marriage in Kuantan Hilir: Case Study of Unrecorded Marriage Practices

ChatGPT This research aims to implement Islamic Religious Education (PAI) to raise awareness of Islamic law regarding unregistered marriages in the Kuantan Hilir District. Employing a qualitative method with a case study approach, primary data was gathered through in-depth interviews with 3 sources and direct observation of 12 perpetrators of serial marriages. Secondary data was collected from various related literature sources. The findings revealed 12 couples in the area engaging in unregistered marriages, predominantly due to pregnancy out of wedlock, with two cases involving arranged marriages. Understanding Islamic law underscores the significance of registering marriages at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) to safeguard the legal rights of partners and children, particularly in instances of pregnancy out of wedlock. Knowledge of Islamic marriage procedures underscores the imperative of complete registration at the KUA, especially in cases of pregnancy out of wedlock. Awareness of the legal consequences emphasizes the curtailment of rights for children and wives from unregistered marriages, particularly in situations of out-of-wedlock pregnancy. Attitudes towards Islamic legal education stress its role in diminishing the incidence of unregistered marriages and underscore the importance of marriage registration, particularly in cases of out-of-wedlock pregnancy. The experience of addressing unregistered marriage cases underscores the significant legal issues faced by such couples, particularly concerning children born out of wedlock without registration. Overall, this research underscores the criticality of marriage registration and Islamic legal education in safeguarding the legal rights of spouses and children.

P-339 Identifying essential information for a valid informed consent (IC) of egg donors: An international Delphi study

Abstract Study question What information does an international group of professionals and egg donors consider relevant and morally necessary for prospective egg donors to provide valid IC? Summary answer In the first round, participants considered 56% of the information items relevant (e.g. all legal aspects) and 50% of the items as morally necessary information. What is known already Disclosure of relevant and adequate information is essential for IC in medical procedures like egg donation (ED). However, studies reveal inadequate risk awareness among donors. This raises questions about the adequacy of the provided information. The “Egg Donor Informed Consent Tool” aims to assess donors’ understanding of the ED process and its risks. However, Skillner et al. developed the tool exclusively with American endocrinologists and donors and do not touch upon all legal aspects or alternative hormone stimulation. No international study to date has determined what information professionals and egg donors consider relevant and morally necessary for prospective donors. Study design, size, duration This modified Delphi study used a survey in an iterative process of three rounds to reach a consensus on what information items are relevant and morally necessary for a valid informed consent of candidate egg donors. Invitations to participate were sent out in November 2023 and the first round lasted six weeks. Reminders and additional invitations were sent out every two weeks. Currently (January 2024), we are preparing the second round with 35 professional participants Participants/materials, setting, methods The 35 participants were experts in ED across diverse fields (social and medical sciences, bioethics, psychology, fertility medicine and law) from 14 countries. The egg donor part of round one is ongoing. The survey consisted of 13 categories and 118 information items, which participants score for relevance via a 4-point Likert scale and moral necessity on a dichotomous scale (yes/no). Content Validity Index (CVI) will be calculated for measuring relevance. A comment section was available. Main results and the role of chance Research shows that high content validity (“consensus”) is reached when there is an I-CVI (CVI per item) of .78 or higher. The same cut-off was selected to reach consensus for Moral Necessity. The following results are based on the first round, results from all three rounds will be presented at the congress. For 58 out of 131 information items, the I-CVI was lower than 0.78. The percentage of moral necessity was below 0.78 for 65 items. The relevancy for the total survey (S-CVI/Ave) for the first round was 0.80. Four information items reached a CVI of 1: all experts thought it was relevant for a candidate donor to know that 1) the need to undergo ovarian stimulation and 2) a pick-up procedure, as well as 3) her legal rights over the donated eggs after the pick-up procedure and 4) her legal right to withdraw consent. The latter is the only information item that scored a 100% of Moral Necessity. All 16 information items in the categories “issues concerning multiple donations”, “legal aspects” and “financial aspects” reached a consensus in relevance, but two of these items’ did not reach the cut-off of 0.78 for moral necessity. Limitations, reasons for caution There was a relatively low response rate of 24 percent, which can be attributed to the demographics of our population. These professionals typically have limited availability for participation and for some professionals the email addresses we found were outdated. Wider implications of the findings The final results can give professionals a standard of essential information to provide to make sure the women are adequately informed and know what to expect when they decide to donate. It also gives researchers a potential standard to evaluate the quality of the informed consent in fertility clinics. Trial registration number Not applicable

Liberal-conservative asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies are partly explained by psychological differences in a nationally representative U.S. sample

Based on theory and research in political psychology, we hypothesized that liberal-conservative differences in right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political system justification would contribute to asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies. These hypotheses were tested in a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (N = 1557). Results revealed that conservatives were less supportive of political equality and legal rights and guarantees and more willing to defect from democratic “rules of the game” and vote for anti-democratic candidates, even after adjusting for political extremism. Mediational analyses suggested that conservatives’ anti-democratic tendencies were partially attributable to higher levels of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Conservatives also scored higher in political system justification, which was associated with support for free speech and mitigated anti-democratic tendencies. Democrats and Republicans who approved January 6, 2021, insurrectionists were more conservative and higher in right-wing authoritarianism than those who did not. Implications for social psychology and society are discussed.

Exploring the International Humanitarian Law Status of Foreign Fighters in the Ukrainian International Legion of Territorial Defence

This paper explores the international humanitarian law classification which applies to foreign fighters that have been enlisted in the Ukrainian International Legion of Territorial Defence pursuant to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The paper explains the legal rights, obligations and consequences which attach to mercenary, combatant and prisoner of war status; and explores how these foreign members of the Ukrainian International Legion of Territorial Defence fit into this legal landscape. This paper challenges the legality of Russia's decision to classify these individuals as mercenaries. The paper supports the argument that these foreign members of the Ukrainian International Legion of Territorial Defence are entitled to combatant status including full combatant immunity from prosecution upon capture. The paper explores the prisoner of war rights and protections which these individuals should be afforded upon capture and details their denial. The paper re-iterates the international humanitarian law fair trial guarantees which are activated when combatants fall into enemy hands and questions the procedural legality of the trials being conducted in the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Russia.

Observational study of sociocultural candidates of legal termination of pregnancy

Background: ILE (legal interruption of pregnancy) is a legal right of all people with the capacity to gestate that was promulgated in January 2021 – Law 27,610, its application being mandatory throughout the Argentine Republic. ILE provides the interruption up to the 14th week of pregnancy and the procedure must be performed up to ten days after the interruption has been requested. The law is applicable to any age, including adolescents under 16 years of age, and in these cases, it is not necessary to submit an affidavit, since any activity that involves children is considered sexual violence. TheMedical teams must guarantee privacy, autonomy, confidentiality, and dignified treatment. Material and methods: A series of anonymous data was compiled from patients at the Ana Goitia acute maternal and Child specialized hospital of patients who requested ILE during the first trimester of pregnancy to establish the socio-cultural profile of these patients. Results: An analysis was carried out on 522 women who requested ILE in 2021 and 2022, and it could be inferred that the number of patients who requested ILE according to age was (10.5%) of patients aged 10 to 19 years, (51, 3%) of the patients with 20 to 29 years, (33.3%) of the patients with 30 to 39 years and (5.0%) of the patients with 40 to 49 years. In addition, within the MAC (contraceptive methods) chosen by these people after adequate counseling and the procedure, the IUD was chosen by (50.9%), the SIU had a percentage of (100%), the ACI (45.2 %), the ISD had a (50%) and the ACO (55.2%).Conclusion: It has been verified that not only counseling about contraceptives is important, but also social, family, and economic support as a support resource for the most vulnerable groups, before and after the legal interruption.

Community Guidance Model for Women's Empowerment

Women in Indonesia currently have the opportunity to receive equal education to men in Indonesia. However, this may not be commonly found in remote corners of Indonesia. Women in Indonesia currently also have the same legal and political rights as men. This is different from the rights and social norms that still discriminate against women, and even harm women. Supposedly, with equal education, equal minds and minds, all discrimination in women's rights and freedoms would no longer exist. Even so, in fact there are still many people who differentiate between men and women in social contexts. Guidance and guidance services in the community need to be carried out by educational personnel who work together with all government officials in order to provide assistance or assistance so that the community's paradigm of all forms of harm to itself and preparation for the future will be achieved. Guidance and counseling function to help a person's life run smoothly and successfully, meaning that intensive guidance and guidance in the community will have an impact both directly and indirectly which will ultimately return to the person's success. The community guidance model for developing women's empowerment prioritizes increasing women's abilities and skills. Second, realizing sensitivity and concern for women from all over society, policy makers, decision makers, law enforcement planners and the renewal of legal products containing socio-cultural values and justice with a women's perspective. The third target is to optimize coordination in the management of women's empowerment, especially housewives, which includes aspects of planning, implementation, control, monitoring, evaluation and reporting.

O acesso à justiça em Cabo Verde – As expectativas do 25 de Abril e as lições da experiência brasileira

Access to justice is one of the conditions of democracy, especially in countries that, like Cape Verde, are in the mature phases of development, after consolidating their independence. However, it is worth revisiting a set of situations that occur in the country, especially when the expectations of 25 April 1974 are revived, when the open doors to decolonization and democracy were announced. However, after five decades, we can observe, on the one hand, the maintenance of social inequalities that have an impact on the slowness of justice. Without access to justice there is no sustainable development. There are several factors that make access to justice difficult, putting at risk one of the fundamental legal rights, embodied in the terms of article 22 of the Constitution of the Republic of Cape Verde. On the other hand, and in the case of a country that made a transition to democracy, the case of Cape Verde is highlighted and compared with some parameters of the Brazilian system that gained prominence in access or facilitating access to justice. The underlying question in this comparison is whether the Portuguese post-colonial model followed by Cape Verde in this plan will be the most appropriate, or whether other models, such as the Brazilian one, would not represent factors for improvement.

Assessment of Legal Rights of Workers in Bangladesh: A Study on Selected Industrial Sectors

Assessment of Legal Rights of Workers in Bangladesh: A Study on Selected Industrial Sectors

Fiqh Contestation on Women's Public Leadership in Indonesia and Malaysia: Reproducing Qur'anic and Hadith Interpretations

This paper discusses the contestation of women's public leadership discourse among feminist activists in Indonesia and Malaysia and how the reproduction of fiqh on women's public leadership in both countries takes place. This research is a field study with data collection through interviews and direct interaction with women activists in both countries and documenting their works. Using the Islamic activism approach, it was found that: 1) The issue of women leaders in Indonesia and Malaysia is complex. Women are often held back by culture, religion and politics. Muslim feminist groups face resistance from conservative groups when they try to challenge gender inequality. Furthermore, some sharia law make it harder for women to get legal protection and justice. More legal rights and support for women are therefore required to make politics more equal. 2) Feminist activists in Indonesia and Malaysia have reinterpreted Islamic texts to promote gender equality. They offer gender-responsive interpretation of the Qur'an and Hadith deemed to be fairer while supporting support social justice and gender equality. 3) The fiqh product of leadership concludes that the moral ideal in the Qur'an and hadith is for leaders to be competent (qawwām). People who fit this profile are well-suited to lead, particularly in a country that adheres to democratic principles.

The Legal Basis for Sustainable Development as a Human Right

Concern for sustainable development, but human rights are considered the most important issues that concern the world, and our dear country has witnessed many transformations in all fields and at different levels in the country, especially those that have a large majority in human rights, and we all know that Iraq has witnessed many challenges. After the events of 2003 until now, because the human being is the subject of the right and the rights, and the international community and the international and local organizations all insist on the activation, investigation and development of this right and the human rights. Where we have not seen any mechanism of operational and investigative mechanisms, I must focus on the effects of the activation and non-activation of this right, and from this point of view, pay attention to the statement of what is meant by sustainable development and developments, and do not forget the role of the United Nations in promoting the cycle of sustainable development, with the basic statement Legal and comprehensive human rights, stating the position of the Iraqi legislator for the year 2005.

Urgensi Ratifikasi International Labour Organization 169 Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Masyarakat Adat

Introduction: Judging from the cases of indigenous peoples disputes, the efforts of the Indonesian state to speed up the ratification of ILO convention 169 will minimize the occurrence of cases that occur in indigenous peoples because there is protection for the indigenous peoples themselves. This situation prompted the development and adoption of ILO Convention 169, which aims to protect indigenous peoples and their rights.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to examine and find out about ILO Convention 169 which regulates legal protection for indigenous peoples and why it is important for ILO Convention 169 to be ratified as a form of legal protection for indigenous peoples.Methods of the Research: The type of research used in this paper is normative legal research. As for answering the problems in this study, the authors use three approaches to the problem, namely the statutory approach (statute approach), and conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The procedure for collecting legal materials carried out by the author is by searching for and collecting laws and regulations related to the legal issues at hand. Legislation in this case includes both legislation and regulation. Analysis of legal material uses qualitative methods, namely studies related to legal norms contained in international law legislation and legal norms that exist in society.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that the ILO Convention 169 which regulates the legal protection of indigenous peoples, to ensure the implementation of the contents of this Convention, the responsibility lies in the hands of the government (ILO member ratifying ILO Convention No.169) to develop, coordinate and take systematic action in order protect the rights of Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Peoples, and ensure recognition of their integrity. ILO Convention 169 is important to ratify as a form of legal protection for indigenous peoples and to strengthen the legal rights of Indigenous Peoples who mostly live in forest areas, the human rights of minorities are very difficult to be able to enjoy their rights on their own land.

Skin cancer decision-making in dementia patients

This is an ethical scenario around the decision-making process in skin cancer patients, who lack capacity. It explores how to assess capacity, legal rights of family members, GMC recommendations and how best to support and care for these patients.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMERCIAL LAW CONTRACTS IN THE NEW ECONOMIC REALITY

<p>Commercial law contracts, whether named or unnamed contracts, represent the legal basis for the economic development of any country. Their specificity, on the basis of which they are receptive and in conjunction with institutions of higher education, the economy and government at any level, is reflected in the fact that the obligation contracts are mainly of a dispositive legal nature and as such allow the contracting parties to freely regulate their legal relations, rights and obligations in accordance with the law. The countless possibilities offered by commercial contracts as legal instruments such as: license contract, franchising contract, leasing contract and to a certain extent factoring and forfeiting contract, which although in a certain way are distinguished as banking transactions or Banking Law transactions, are certainly the transfer of the right to use industrial property, the use of movable and immovable things through a leasing contract, without the transfer of ownership rights, and the franchising contract as a combined sui generis contract, they contribute to economic development by making savings when acquiring means of production, without realization of ownership rights. In this paper, all methods that could contribute to its better quality will be used. Primarily referring to the methods that are characteristic of social research, in which scientific description and content analysis (with synthesis) will be distinguished, then inductive-deductive, historical and comparative analysis.</p>

Makroekonomske, institucionalne i financijske odrednice deficita tekućeg računa u Sjevernoj Makedoniji

The role of current account balances in macroeconomic policy is progressivelyhigh, especially in transition countries. Using yearly level data for a 1994-2022period, based on co-integration analysis, this research empirically investigates themacroeconomic, institutional, and financial determinants of the current accountdeficit in North Macedonia. The results of the study reveal that a country’s currentaccount deficit is significantly affected by domestic demand factors like realeffective exchange rate, output gap, and trade openness, the fiscal-related factor ofgross debt position, the institutional-related factor of economic freedom, legal andproperty rights, regulatory index, control of corruption, government effectiveness,as well as financial development captured by money supply. The study also findsout that the country has recorded more deficit in the current account thanpotentially expected during two time periods, the pre-financial crisis period 2001-2008 and during the COVID-19 crisis period 2019-2022.

The Constitutional Constraints on Altering Property Rights After Relationship Breakdown

Section 79(2) of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) provides that the court shall not make an order altering property rights unless it is just and equitable to do so. This article argues that s 79(2) is required by the constitutional foundations upon which the power to alter property rights rests. The discretion of trial judges may be wide, but it is constrained by the parameters of constitutionality and by the purposes for which Parliament may authorise the alteration of property rights. Because existing legal and equitable titles are the starting point for consideration in family property proceedings, courts must always ask whether there is a sufficient justification for stripping a party of their legal or equitable rights. The fact of relationship breakdown is insufficient. While the broad discretion given to courts to alter property rights was originally seen as a means of providing justice for women who took on the role of homemaker and parent, the practice of the family courts of giving little weight to legal title has often worked a profound injustice to women. An understanding of the constitutional constraints on judicial discretion is also very important to give effect to the assumptions that underpinned the marital relationship.

Social and Economic Challenges Faced by Minor Female Sex Workers in Delhi and NCR: A Sociological Analysis

The research paper presented here highlights some of the social and economic issues faced by the minor female sex workers in Delhi and NCR. In this vein, the authors use a sociological approach in analysing socio-economic factors that make such subjects vulnerable, and exploitable. As presented in this paper, based on the synthesis of the available literature analysis and the assessment of secondary data, it is possible to identify the systematic causes that maintain the cycle of poverty and abuse. In this case, it was discovered that minor female sex workers struggle with poverty, lack education, and health care and experience stigma. These challenges are worsened by the poor evidence of legal rights and inadequate provision of support services. In addition, this study reveals the crucial importance of policy actions that meet not only the short term, but also the long-term needs of these individuals. Understanding the socio-economic status of the minor female sex workers in Delhi and NCR of India will help in designing appropriate intervention and policies to protect the category of girls who are vulnerable and endangered in society.

Pencegahan Perilaku Seks Bebas Melalui Pendidikan Seks (Sex Education) Terhadap Anak-Anak Jalanan

The aim of this article is to analyze the importance of preventing promiscuous sexual behavior among street children through sex education as well as analyzing legal protection rights for street children who have the same rights as the successors of the younger generation in the future. The author focuses on street children in the Bekasi City area. This research was carried out using qualitative methods and data collection was carried out using empirical and juridical approaches. The author merges into the environment of a group of street children without being contaminated by their interactions. The data collected includes several data, namely 1) factors that cause the emergence of street children, 2) the impact of not introducing sex education to street children and 3) legal protection that should protect street children from the negative impacts that could occur due to free sex. Data is measured through observations in their environment and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that it is very important to teach and instill sex eduction in street children, because otherwise it will have negative impacts such as free sex, various crimes and the destruction of the future of the prospective young generation in the future. The results of the research conclude that sex education is very important and legal protection to protect and efforts to improve the behavior and lives of street children really need to be carried out and given attention in order to save the future of this country.

Attitudes Toward Mononormativity and Polyamorous Legal Rights in the US

IntroductionRecent research shows an increase in polyamory and acceptance of polyamorous relationships. However, there is still limited research on broader attitudes toward monogamy and polyamory, particularly regarding legal rights and with a national sample. This study examines the impact of cohort, sexual orientation, and contact with polyamorists on attitudes toward monogamy and polyamorous legal rights. This research has the potential to bring more attention to polyamorous relationships, disrupt heteronormative views of relationships, and consider legal rights for those in relationships involving more than two people.MethodsWe use data from a sample of 2665 adults from the 2021 American Marriage Survey, a national survey focused on attitudes toward marriage post-marriage equality, to consider the relationship between cohort, sexual orientation, contact, and attitudes toward mononormativity and polyamory.ResultsOverall, there is support for the idea that monogamy is the norm while people are generally not supportive of granting legal rights for polyamorous relationships. Younger cohorts, LGBQ individuals, and those who know a polyamorous person are less likely to support mononormativity and more likely to support legal rights for polyamorous relationships. Furthermore, contact has a stronger impact on attitudes of Millennials and LGBQ individuals.ConclusionWhile mononormativity remains the norm and polyamory is not widely supported, given patterns of greater acceptance among younger cohorts and LGBQ individuals, there is a good possibility that acceptance will increase over time.Policy ImplicationsThis research has the potential to bring more attention to polyamorous relationships, disrupt heteronormative views of relationships, and consider legal rights for those in relationships involving more than two people.

Managing the Right to Disconnect—A Scoping Review

In recent years, several countries have introduced ‘right to disconnect’ laws to protect workers’ rest times, giving workers legal rights to disconnect from work-related communication outside normal working hours. This is a response to growing concerns for the digital wellbeing of workers, the state of hyperconnectivity created by today’s digital technologies, and how it can result in constant connectivity to work. The aim of this paper is to review the existing academic literature available on this topic, in order to identify key themes and potential research gaps relating to the right to disconnect and derive practical implications for managers needing to adopt this policy. Using the scoping review method and keywords ‘right to disconnect’, n = 9966 records were retrieved from the databases APA PsycNet, EBSCOhost, Emerald Insight, Gale, ProQuest Central, Scopus, and Web of Science, from which a final sample of n = 21 journal articles from n = 15 different countries were eligible for analysis. These articles were found to primarily span three academic disciplines: law, health, and business. Four key themes were highlighted—work–life balance, scope, governance, and health and wellbeing—as being critical factors for the successful implementation of the right to disconnect, as a sustainable digital wellbeing initiative for employees.

Institutionalization of Islam and Adat: The Legal System of Hak Langgeih in Aceh

This study aims to discuss the institutionalization of custom and Islam in the Fatwa of Aceh’s Ulama Consultative Council (MPU). Local genius and adat have recently emerged as essential role of the legal pluralism discourse in the age of globalization. This fatwa was issued in an effort to preserve Muslim land and property ownership in Aceh, Indonesia, after the tsunami. The effort has its dynamics, considering the existence and control of property by non-Muslims. The problem in this study is how the dynamics of the legal system, encompassing legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture, interact with the institutionalization of legal rights in Aceh's MPU Fatwa. This research is socio-legal research. The results of this study indicate that adherence to adat, mediated by ‘hak mieung’, has placed adat structures as dispute resolution processes. Legal culture is of greater significance than legal structure and substance in the institutionalization of hak langgeih in Aceh.