Legal Precautions Research Articles

Need for new strategies to improve the recall and avoidance rates of contact allergens: A retrospective cohort study from Turkey.

Previous studies reported a low-to-moderate benefit from patch testing regarding allergen recall and avoidance. To determine the allergen recall and avoidance rates of patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in Turkey. This was a retrospective cohort study based on a phone questionnaire of 465 patients diagnosed with ACD from major allergen groups, that is, metals, preservatives, rubber, fragrances (ubiquitous allergens) and hair dye/black henna, topical drug and resins (nonubiquitous allergens), at our tertiary referral centre between 1996 and 2018. Among 176 responders, allergen groups were remembered better (53.4%) than the individual allergens (36.9%). Age <40 years and keeping the allergy pass had a significantly positive impact on the recall rate of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and nickel, particularly non-occupational nickel allergy from metal jewellery in females, respectively. Exacerbations of ACD (56.3%) were mainly due to reexposures to ubiquitous allergens. 42.9% of patients with occupational ACD changed or quit their job, most of them being construction workers and hairdressers, showing a high share (83.3%) of benefit. The overall rates of allergen recall and avoidance were moderate. New strategies are needed to improve the recall and avoidance rates of contact allergens, such as increased use of allergy pass, smartphone applications and legal precautions.

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KELALAIAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN TUGAS PADA TERBITNYA IZIN PENGEDAR DALAM NEGERI TUMBUHAN LIAR YANG TIDAK DILINDUNGI (Studi Putusan Nomor 36/Pid.B/Lh/2022/Pn Tjk)

The purpose of this study was to find out the reasons why the perpetrators committed the criminal act of coercing permits for domestic distribution of wild plants that were not protected based on Decree No. 36/Pid.B/LH/2022/PN Tjk, Discussing legal issues . Consequences in criminal cases of enforcing permits for domestic distribution of wild plants that are not protected (Review of Decision No. 36/Pid.B/LH/2022/PN Tjk). The research method uses a prescriptive approach. The factors that prompted the perpetrators to commit the criminal act of implementing permits for the domestic distribution of wild plants that were not protected in Decision No. 36/Pid.B/LH/2022/ PN.Tjk based on factors and perpetrators did not consider it. Explaining the consequences of negligent actions, the perpetrator does not know that his actions can lead to unlawful consequences. The perpetrator's negligence in taking legal precautions means that the perpetrator did not exercise due care, intention, skill, prevention or wisdom in carrying out the act. This is the basis for perpetrators to commit crimes without issuing permits according to law. The legal consequence arising from the defendant's actions is a violation of the fourth alternative lawsuit Article 106 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Elimination of Forest Damage. The requirements for negligence in carrying out tasks based on Article 28 letter H are fulfilled in accordance with the law. The defendant's actions violated the fourth alternative charge of Article 106 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Elimination of Forest Damage. Therefore, as a result of the defendant's actions, the panel of judges sentenced the defendant to seven months' imprisonment and replaced him with a fine of Rp. one month.

Development, validity and reliability study of a compliance scale for the COVID-19 outbreak prevention recommendations

During the intense periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, legal measures were taken for its containment. However, since legal precautions cannot be implemented continuously, hand washing, mask usage and obeying social distance rules are important in combating the pandemic. Complying with these rules is mostly individual decisions. The behavior of individuals has a prominent place in the course of the pandemic. In this study, we aimed to develop a scale which could measure compliance with outbreak measures. This study was conducted in two stages after evaluation of the content validity of the item pool formed by the research group by experts. For construct validity, the scale subdimensions were determined in 250 people between the ages of 18-70 years at the first stage and the definitive version of the 20-item scale was constructed. In the second stage, exploratory factor analysis was repeated in a group of 484 people, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, Spearman-Brown coefficients, test-retest methods were used to determine reliability. The variance explanation of the scale consisting of 20 items and two subdimensions in the explanatory factor analysis is 63.434% (n = 484). Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in CMIN/DF = 3.540, RMR = 0.043, NFI Delta 1 = 0.928, TLI rho 2 = 0.939, CFI = 0.947, RMSEA = 0.072, SRMR = 0.0368. Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale is 0.95; and the Spearman Brown coefficient equal length analysis resulted in 0.928. The temporal consistency of the scale was evaluated with the test-retest method (P = 0.893). The structure, content validity, temporal consistency, item discrimination, and internal consistency were evaluated and found to have acceptable valid, reliable properties. The outbreak prevention recommendation compliance scale is a valid and reliable tool with which compliance with the prevention plans can be evaluated.

Kannabis Yasal, Ya Sonra…

Yakın tarihe baktığımızda kannabis gibi psikoaktif etkili maddelerin kullanımı ile ilgili düzenlemelerin belirli dönemlerde sadece bir asayiş sorunu olarak değerlendirilerek, yasal tedbirlerle kontrol edilmek istendiği görülmüştür. Ancak, madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı sorununun, zamanla sadece bir asayiş sorunu olmadığının farkına varılmasıyla, tedavi ve önleme faaliyetlerine de önem verilmeye başlanmıştır. Son yıllarda ise, tıbbi tedaviyi düzenleyen, yasal çerçeve konusunda çalışan ve olayın psikososyal boyutu ile ilgili kişilerin yasal düzenlemeler ve yeni gelişmeler konusunda hassasiyet ile birlikte çalıştığı görülmektedir. Madde kullanımının artık “halk sağlığı ve toplum güvenliği sorunu” olarak beraber değerlendirilmesi ile birlikte, son dönemlerde özellikle kannabise ilişkin düzenlemeler hızla değiştirilmekte, konu birçok ülkede hala tartışılmaktadır. Bu uygulamaların birey ve toplum bazında halk sağlığı ve toplum güvenliği açısından uzun vadede ortaya çıkacak sonuçlarının öngörülmesinin zor olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu makale, konuya ilişkin yapılan çalışmaların derlenerek özellikle eğlence amaçlı (rekreasyonel) kannabis kullanımına izin verilmesi durumunda doğabilecek bireysel ve toplumsal sonuçları özetlemek amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Management recommendations for body stuffers at emergency units.

Managing body packers and stuffers is a challenge to emergency physicians, stuffers in particular, as there is no systematic approach to their treatment. The aim of this study was therefore to review all available literature on body stuffing and propose a guide to manage these patients. We searched Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for published work on body stuffers using key words "body stuffer", "body stuffing", "poisoning", "toxicity", and "treatment" without a time limit and retrieved 290 articles, of which 61 remained after exclusion of those on "body packers" and repetitive documents. This review article evaluates and summarises the information gathered from them. The main step in body stuffer management is observation to make sure that they have passed all the swallowed packages of drugs of abuse. In some cases, imaging can be quite useful. Diagnostic pitfalls may be avoided with abdominopelvic CT without contrast, which is probably the best diagnostic method to determine the presence and the number of packages in these patients. Treatment should be specific for each group of drugs, whether it is opioids, cocaine, or amphetamine. Surgical interventions are indicated for obstruction of the intestines or package rupture. Legal precautions should be taken because of the legal complexity of body stuffing cases.

Legal Precautions on Land Acquisition System for Profit- Oriented Enterprises in order to Promote Economic Growth

Legal Precautions on Land Acquisition System for Profit- Oriented Enterprises in order to Promote Economic Growth

Medicolegal aspects of road side accident victims

Medical professionals are often unsure of the course of action in medico-legal cases. Thus they are rather reluctant to attend to cases of accident for fear of being involved in unnecessary litigation later on. Even in cases of serious accidents, medical professionals hesitate to offer help, sometimes resulting in patient's death. This paper highlights some important legal precautions to be taken care of in cases of road side vehicular accidents. These simple steps, if observed by medical practitioners, will prevent unnecessary litigation.

A research of the attitudes of sports sciences students towards disabled people

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of students who had a class on disabled people and those who did not. The students who participated in the study were studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Ondokuz Mayis University during the academic year 2013-2014. Disabled people generally encounter negative attitudes. Despite all the precautions taken, being disabled is perceived as an “excluded, unaccepted and despised” concept. This behavior causes a negative attitude towards disabled people. The students' attitudes towards disabled people were analyzed in terms of demographic features. 203 (57 female and 146 male) students studying at Ondokuz Mayis University, Yasar Dogu Faculty of Sports Sciences participated in the study. The data was collected through a “Demographic Information Form” developed by the researcher and “Attitude Scale for Disabled People” developed by Prime Ministry Department of the Administration of the Disabled. The level of significance for all statistical procedures was taken as 0.05. All the statistical analyses were made through SPSS package program. The total average score taken by the students on Attitude Scale for Disabled People was 170.93 (n=203, Min: 122, Max:207, SD:20.18). A significant difference was found between the attitude score means of students who took classes about disabled people and those who did not, in terms of gender (p<0.01). The results of the study showed that the students who took lessons about disabled people had positive attitude towards disabled people. The effect of gender on the attitude towards disabled people is a result which is consistent with the literature. Thus, perceptions of the society towards disabled people should change, administrative and legal precautions should be taken to prevent the exclusion of disabled people and their families from the society and societal responsibilities should be fulfilled.

Ten Common Mistakes to Avoid as an Independent Consultant

Errors in assumptions and business practices that limit the success of a nurse consultant, and ways to avoid them, are described. Enthusiasm and dedication must be accompanied by a realistic understanding of the time commitment, financial resources, and objective decision making necessary to succeed. The nurse consultant must be able to identify potential client needs and promote services effectively to a target market. Improper pricing with undervalued services must be avoided. Even with a large client base, poor cash flow management, inadequate legal precautions, and lack of contingency planning are critical concerns. The pros and cons of various business forms, such as partnerships, are explored. Independent consulting can be satisfying and profitable with proper understanding of the pitfalls and how to avoid them.

Hierarchy and the search for social equality at the French constituant assembly, 1789–1791

If the greatest grief expressed by the Third Estate deputies as they arrived in Versailles in the Spring of 1789 concerned ‘inequality’, was the contrary really what they sought? A country ridden by inequalities of all sorts (administrative, fiscal, economic, judicial), France was far from ever having seriously considered a democratic form of life. ‘Diversity’ is the name Fernand Braudel gives the first chapter of his book, L’ldentitk de la France, due chiefly to the wide geographical area covered by the country from North to South. This territory allows for the many existing micro-economies which the Ancien Regime had not been able to unify. Braudel writes: ‘The Ancien Regime had inherited from the past, pell-mell, disorganization, confusion, institutional variety, administrative incoherence, and often impotence.‘* Glancing at town life, even there Braudel sees each village with its own particular structure, all the ‘theatre of a struggle between several powers’ (communal, seigniorial, royal), each trying to overrule the other. Everywhere ‘above the masses of workers without specialization, above the organization of trade guilds, there is a hierarchy headed by the local elite, no matter who they l~.‘~ It is these elites who come to Versailles: elected in the 445 bailiwicks of France they were the local notables chosen to represent the Third Estate. About threequarters of them were lawyers or holders of royal offices: honourable positions, well esteemed by the majority of voters. Of one accord, they all claim the vote by head which they were expecting to obtain ever since the end of 1788 when the government, under Necker, had proclaimed the doubling of the Third Estate. During the long discussions which took place in May-June 1789, two ways of thinking became apparent: those who attacked the Privileged Orders from below, demanding as their natural rights that reform be pushed through (i.e. the vote by head and the union of the three estates in the National Assembly): LeChapelier, Mirabeau, Rabaut de Saint Etienne, Sieyh. The others wished to persuade the Privileged Orders to give in to their requests on a conciliatory basis (Bergasse, Malouet, Mounier). However, no matter which tactics were given preference, all deputies agreed to hold their meetings with the utmost of legal precautions: no pro&-verbal, no official reporting, no formal procedures which could signify that they were meeting officially as the Third Estate. Fear of reprisals on the part of the government and the forces of order was one reason for their cautious attitude. The king might follow the advice of those who advocated strong measures to keep the revolution at distance. However, an equally strong reason (despite the attitude of the Breton deputies) was to obtain