Legal Restrictions Research Articles

Constitutional legal limits to privacy protection

Relevance. The right to privacy, as one of the basic constitutional rights of man and citizen, is subject to protection in accordance with Art. 23, 24 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. On the basis of constitutional justice and the scientific views of theorists, the content of the law in question is disclosed, problems of a legislative and terminological nature that affect its content and the establishment of limits of constitutional legal protection are described.The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions that contribute to the deepening of scientific knowledge about the protection of the constitutional right to privacy, its content and the limits of constitutional legal protection.Objectives: to analyze the practice of the Constitutional and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in cases of protecting the right to privacy and the scientific positions of scientists regarding its concept; describe the state of constitutional and legal protection and the content of the right in question; identify legislative and terminological gaps impeding its proper protection; define the boundaries of constitutional legal protection.Methodology. The study was carried out using methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, documentary, formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical methods. The results of the study are formulated theoretical provisions characterizing the content of the right to privacy and the objective limits of its constitutional and legal protection.Conclusion. In the theory of constitutional law and the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, there is a change in the trend in the interpretation of the right to privacy from «negative» to «positive». It is transformed by supplementing the concept of private life with new types of information that make it up (the right to genetic inviolability, inviolability of personal data, secrecy when using reproductive technologies, etc.). A forecast is given on the modernization of the system of personal human rights with the recognition of an independent right to protect personal data.

Legal Limits on Creativity: Understanding Film Censorship in India

Legal Limits on Creativity: Understanding Film Censorship in India

MPC-Based Dynamic Velocity Adaptation in Nonlinear Vehicle Systems: A Real-World Case Study

Technological advancements have positively impacted the automotive industry, leading to the development of autonomous cars, which aim to minimize human intervention during driving, and thus reduce the likelihood of human error and accidents. These cars are distinguished by their advanced driving systems and environmental benefits due to their integration of cutting-edge autonomous technology and electric powertrains. This combination of safety, efficiency, and sustainability positions autonomous vehicles as a transformational solution for modern transportation challenges. Optimizing vehicle speed is essential in the development of these vehicles, particularly in minimizing energy consumption. Thus, in this paper, a method to generate the maximum velocity profile of a vehicle on a real road, extracted using online mapping platforms while ensuring compliance with maximum legal speed limits, is proposed. A nonlinear model, closely aligned with real-world conditions, captures and describes vehicle dynamics. Further, a nonlinear model predictive control strategy is proposed for optimizing the vehicle’s performance and safety in dynamic driving conditions, yielding satisfactory results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

Should cannabis self-cultivation be part of a public health‒oriented legalization policy framework?

Cannabis control policies are increasingly being liberalized, including the legalization of non-medical cannabis use and supply in multiple settings, for example inCanada, with main policy objectives focusing on improved public health. An important while contested matter has been the appropriate design of legal cannabis supply structures and sources. These, in most Americas-based legalization settings, have included provisions for (limited) 'home cultivation'. Recent data suggest that about 8% of active consumers engage in cannabishome cultivation for their own supply, while approximately 14% are exposed to it in/around their home. Home cultivation commonly exceeds legal limits and/or occurs where not allowed, and is disproportionately associated with high-frequency and/or other risk patterns of cannabis use. In addition, home cultivation may facilitate exposure or diversion of cannabis to minors, as well as pose possible environmental exposure risks especially when occurring indoors. Given its placement in private spaces, related regulations are largely shielded from enforcement. Home cultivation, therefore, bears substantive potential to circumvent or work counter to public health‒oriented legalizationpolicy objectives. Recent assessments of health outcomes from cannabis legalization show mixed-including multiple adverse-results, implying the need for regulatory revisions towards protectingpublic health outcomes. Especially in settings where extensive (e.g. commercial) retail systems were established to provide regulated, legal cannabis products to consumers, it is questionable whether home cultivation overall serves primary public health‒oriented objectives; relevant data should be expanded and used to review related provisions.

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act and workplace genetic testing: Knowledge and perceptions of employed adults in the United States.

Workplace wellness programs are an emerging avenue for health-related genetic testing, with some large employers now offering such testing to employees. Employees' knowledge and concerns regarding genetic discrimination may impact their decision-making about and uptake of workplace genetic testing (wGT). This study describes employed adults' objective knowledge of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) and evaluates how this knowledge correlates with attitudes and beliefs regarding wGT. Analyses utilized data from a large, national web-based survey of employed adults (N = 2000; mean age = 43 years; 51% female; 55.2% college educated). Overall, most respondents (57.3%) said they were unaware of any laws protecting against genetic discrimination. Specifically, 62.6% indicated they were not at all familiar with GINA. The primary study outcome was respondents' score on a 13-item measure assessing knowledge of basic facts about GINA. Participants had low overall GINA knowledge (M = 4.6/13 items correct (35%), SD = 2.9), with employees often presuming GINA offers greater legal protections than it does (e.g., 45.3% erroneously endorsed that GINA protected against discrimination in life insurance). Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between GINA knowledge and employees' demographic characteristics, prior experience with genetic testing, and attitudes regarding wGT. Variables significantly associated with GINA knowledge included higher interest in wGT (aOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.77), self-reported familiarity with GINA (aOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.50), and favorable attitudes toward wGT (aOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.52, 2.44). Results indicate public knowledge of GINA remains low over 15 years after its passage. These findings highlight the need for employee education on GINA before participating in wGT, as well as broader public education on GINA's legal protections and limitations. Genetic counselors lead GINA education efforts in clinical and public settings and can play a pivotal role in ongoing public education initiatives about GINA.

Technologies Versus Justice: Challenges of AI Regulation in the Judicial System

The article examines issues of using artificial intelligence in such a sensitive area of human activity as justice. The authors refer to numerous facts on attempts to create a kind of “smart court” in various countries. At the same time, these attempts run up against circumstances that indicate the need to establish legal restrictions on the use of artificial intelligence in the administration of justice. Moreover, according to the authors’ reasoned conviction, there are areas in which the robot judge turns out to be powerless to replace human intelligence. Based on the philosophical and legal approach to assessing such a phenomenon as digitalization and the phenomenology of legal judgment, the authors conclude that the adoption of a court decision that meets the requirements of the principle of justice is something beyond the reach of artificial intelligence. Such a decision can only be made by a human judge, but not by a robot. AI systems in the judicial system should support rather than supersede judges.

A hidden form of mass event: the law, politics, and practice of single pickets in Russia

ABSTRACT Single picketing, in which an individual stands in public holding a sign, emerged as a new form of protest in Russia in recent years under the context of increased political repression, and is the last form of protest that does not require prior authorization from authorities. In this article, I develop an understanding of single pickets by examining the evolving dynamics between the state and protestors. I argue that the current practice of single pickets developed as the result of increasingly harsh legal restrictions on public gatherings, and while the Russian state seeks to manage public political action through legal means, protesters continuously find ways to work around or exploit loopholes in the law, in turn shaping new forms of legality in daily life. My analysis is based on tracing the evolution of the laws governing single pickets and online ethnography I conducted during 2020–2021.

Heavy episodic drinking among French adolescents between 2005 and 2022: decreasing prevalence rates and increased risks.

To study the prevalence of alcohol use among French adolescents over time and factors associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED) among drinkers. Our analysis relies on six waves of a standardized cross, sectional survey conducted in mainland France between 2005 and 2022. The overall sample size comprises 179905 adolescents aged 17 (90166 males and 89739 females). Two outcomes were considered: declaring past month HED (at least one) and repeated HED (at least three) in the past month between 2005 and 2022. Relative risks and probabilities according to years of survey, gender and frequency of alcohol use (past 30 days) were estimated using modified Poisson regressions controlling for grade retention, schooling, living out of parental household, socioeconomic status, and other substance (tobacco, cannabis, other illicit substances) use. Despite a steady decline in alcohol use among French adolescents over the past two decades, the prevalence of HED still concerned one, third of 17-year-olds in 2022. The reduction in alcohol use conceals an increased likelihood of HED among occasional drinkers (<10 times a month). Moreover, the probability of HED among females is similar to that of males, or even higher depending on the frequency of use. HED is becoming an increasingly common behavior among adolescent drinkers. The decline in prevalence conceals a homogenization of behavior between genders. Our results also question underage access to alcohol, despite increasing legal restrictions. These results support general prevention in early adolescence aimed at all drinkers, and not only at the most frequent or "at-risk" drinkers.

Prospects for the Convergence of the Legislation of the EAEU Countries Regarding the Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence

This study is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the convergence of the legislation of the EAEU countries regarding the legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI).Aim. To identify the need and identify the prerequisites for supranational legal regulation of AI in the EAEU. Tasks. To list the features of AI that necessitate supranational legal regulation in the context of analyzing the consequences for the purposes of the EAEU. To make a classification and analyze the prerequisites for the formation of the will of the EAEU member states to bring together the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI.Methods. The problem-theoretical, formal-legal, logical, system-structural method and the method of comparison are used.Results. The study showed that such features of AI technologies as the ability to cause cross-border harm and the ability to autonomous processes require: a) the establishment of legal limits for delegating human authority to a machine that are uniform for the EAEU states, which is achieved by establishing administrative responsibilities for participants in the life cycle of AI systems and applications; b) developing a unified approach to eliminating the “responsibility gap” for the harm caused by AI and its legal consolidation in the law of the EAEU, which is achieved through supranational regulation of AI on these issues. The lack of “uniform norms” regarding the distribution of responsibility for harm produces legal conflicts that contribute to the creation of obstacles to the functioning of internal markets and asymmetries in the development of AI within the EAEU. The results of the analysis of the prerequisites for the formation of the will of the EAEU member states to bring together the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI allow us to state the absence of prerequisites for a unified policy of the EAEU countries in the creation and use of AI, and consequently, the prospects for the convergence of legislation in the field of public relations through the formation of supranational legal regulation. However, the EAEU law does not contain obstacles to the implementation of a unified AI policy in the future.Conclusions. The specifics of AI technologies require supranational legal regulation of AI, at least in matters of allocation of responsibility for harm caused by AI in order to avoid legal conflicts that contribute to the creation of obstacles to the functioning of internal markets and asymmetries in the development of AI within the EAEU. Despite the current lack of prerequisites, the EAEU law does not contain obstacles to the convergence of the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI in the event of such a decision.

NFL’s dangerous strategies of marketing football to youth: shades of big tobacco

ABSTRACT Comparisons have been made between the tobacco industry’s historic tactics in defending their products with the responses of some key actors in the sports world to head injuries. Both, it is said, have deployed deceptive marketing and advertising techniques to entice youth to engage with a subjective pleasure-producing product that has undeniable short- and long-term health detriments. Unlike what is called euphemistically, ‘Big Tobacco’, however, the National Football League (NFL) has evaded legal restrictions on the promotion of an inherently dangerous product that targets youth. By contrast, in 1997, the Federal Trade Commission charged tobacco company R.J. Reynolds with violating federal law by using a cartoon character, Joe Camel, to allure children under age 18. The NFL has partnered with Nickelodeon to produce programs such as NFL Rush Zone and NFL Slimetime that target youth by using cartoon mascots, bright colors, 3D iconography, and other child-friendly symbols. In addition to fostering positive associations between tackle football and cartoons, these broadcasts have explicitly minimized the risks of tackling. For example, one NFL Playoffs on Nickelodeon announcer equated a forceful head collision with a scrape of the knee that a child might experience during school recess. The NFL’s marketing strategies deflect public attention away from the risks of repetitive head collisions, concussions, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), portraying football as an appealing activity. The ongoing connections between the NFL and youth-oriented television programming raise crucial questions about how risk is communicated in a sport with inherent dangers of long-term cognitive damage. As long as tackle football is portrayed alongside beloved cartoon characters such as Spongebob Squarepants, impressionable children are likely to form undilutedly positive perceptions of the NFL and ignore the substantial risks of repeated, full-body collisions when enchanted by brightly-colored slime, animated bubbles, and goofy dance moves.

Integrating Renewable Energy Produced by a Library Building on a University Campus in a Scenario of Collective Self-Consumption

Rising fossil fuel costs and environmental concerns are driving the search for new energy sources, particularly renewable energy. Among these sources, solar photovoltaic (PV) is the most promising in southern European countries, mainly through the use of decentralised PV systems designed to produce electricity close to the point of demand and primarily to meet local energy needs. In an urban scenario, a decentralised energy system usually operates in parallel with the grid, allowing excess power generated to be injected into the grid. Solar carports and rooftop systems are excellent examples of distributed photovoltaic systems, which are far more sustainable than large centralised systems because they do not compete for land use. Despite their operational advantages, these decentralised photovoltaic production plants, which are in most cases financed by specific energy efficiency programs, present challenges in a regulated market where the injection of energy into the electricity grid is restricted by law and support programs. The aim of this work is to integrate two different photovoltaic systems within an academic campus where the only PV source currently available is a solar car park, a solution designed both to provide shaded space for vehicles and to produce energy to be consumed within the facilities. Due to legal restrictions, surplus electricity cannot be sold to the national grid, and solar batteries to store the generated energy are expensive and have a short lifespan. Therefore, since the campus has two different grid connections and a 102.37 kWp PV system, the newly designed system to be installed on the library roof must be calculated to support the installed electricity system during the most critical working hours, determining the specific angle and orientation of the solar panels. On this basis, the energy management of a school campus is fundamental to creating a collective self-consumption system, the basis of a local energy community that can meet energy, environmental, and social objectives.

Supercritical fluids for the isolation and formulation of bioactive substances

Technologies involving sub- and supercritical fluids offer the possibility to obtain new products with special characteristics, which are especially needed in the pharmaceutical industry. The use of sub- or supercritical fluids for processing can also address legal limits for solvent residues and restrictions on the use of conventional solvents, while enabling new processes that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Extraction of substances from plant materials, their in situ formulation in products with specific properties, particle formation, foaming, deposition, and sterilization have attracted much attention among the applications of supercritical fluids. This short overview reports the current status and expected future developments of research into sub- and supercritical fluid technologies.

Internalized homonegativity and mental health among sexual minority couples and parents

This study examined the indirect effect of relationship and parental status on mental health through internalized homonegativity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Prior research suggested that being in a relationship and becoming a parent may improve the mental health of LGB individuals, acting as protective factors against stigma and discrimination. However, the role of internalized homonegativity in mental health disparities between LGB individuals in relationships/parents and those who are not remains unclear. Therefore, we surveyed 491 LGB cisgender Israelis aged 18–64 years (M = 33.51, SD = 9.09) assessing relationship status, parental status, internalized homonegativity, depressive symptomatology, and life satisfaction. Indirect effects were explored using the PROCESS macro. Results showed that LGB individuals in romantic relationships reported lower depressive symptomatology and higher life satisfaction compared to those not in relationships. Similarly, LGB individuals who were parents reported lower depressive symptomatology and higher life satisfaction compared to non-parents. Significant indirect effect was found for couplehood/parenthood on depressive symptomatology/life satisfaction through internalized homonegativity. This study deepens the understanding of the interplay between couplehood, parenthood, and internalized homonegativity and their contribution to mental health of LGB individuals. It provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, highlighting the potential role of couplehood and parenthood in the mental health of sexual minority groups facing legal restrictions on marriage and parenting.

A study of irrigation conflict in Khageri irrigation project

While Nepal is rich in water resources, there are also plenty of water related problems. Issues like water scarcity; improper water allocation, distribution, collection of water fees, farmers’ cooperation, performance of water users association etc give rise to water-induced conflict. As there is a wide range of such issues, this article examines only the conflict of water in the sector of irrigation and its management practices. This article assesses the major dimensions of irrigation management and how these dimensions give rise to conflict using a case study of the Khageri irrigation project (KIP). This study is based on the qualitative design including key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussion (FGD) and participant observation. The informants cover key stakeholders like members of water users associations, elderly farmers, local government officials, etc. Some of the major issues concern to conflict is the denial of riparian rights, repair and maintenance activities related to the canal, resource rights dilemmas, human encroachment to the canal, park control and legal restrictions etc. In addition, impact of climate change is one of the major factors that escalate conflict in the study area. Theory of co-management, Hardin’s tragedy of commons -position, interest, and needs (PIN), the best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA), etc. were used as a theoretical lenses to analyze the findings. Analysis through these theories has further given rise to some other new theoretical models like neo-liberal socioeconomic resource management.

P-341 From cross-border reproduction to embryos and gametes transit: the peculiar italian case examined from ethical, legal, and comparative standpoint

Abstract Study question Is the transportation of gametes and embryos by land or air from a foreign country the solution for the lack of donors supply in Italy? Summary answer In Italy, post-2014 Court ruling made heterologous fertilization legal. Yet, gamete acquisition is tough, pushing clinics to foreign banks, facing transport risks. What is known already The international flow of human gametes, expanding due to the growth in reproductive medicine, is regulated by European Directives aiming for uniform EU regulations to maximize health protection via standardized quality and safety. However, diverse national regulations, especially regarding gamete donation, create complex scenarios. In Italy, for instance, regulatory constraints and insufficient legislative support force ART centers to import gametes, mainly from Spain, leading to ongoing cross-border transport of biological material, a process fraught with challenges. Study design, size, duration This study reviews European and Italian regulations on human cell and tissue circulation, focusing particularly on Italy. Directive 2004/23/EC, initiated by the European Parliament and Council, aims to regulate the use of human reproductive biological material, promoting donorship and uniform quality and safety standards across EU member states. Later Directives, including (EU) 2015/566, specifically address gamete transfer within the EU, differentiating between intra-EU distribution and import from non-EU countries. Participants/materials, setting, methods We have meticulously analyzed the legislation applied by the European and non-European states included in the study, examined the role of the European legislator, and conducted a comparative analysis of the effects produced on society. Official data published on this topic by the Italian Ministry of Health have also been collected and analyzed. Main results and the role of chance Aligning with both national and European legal frameworks, as well as adhering to scientific guidelines, is crucial for the secure transport of gametes and embryos. The importance of effective risk management and minimizing liability cannot be overstated, requiring clear communication about consent, transport methods, data sharing, and managing unforeseen events. Despite efforts, European legislation struggles to harmonize effectively, ensuring uniform rights across the continent. In Italy, the demand for donated sperm and oocytes has surged following the invalidation of certain legal restrictions on the use of donated gametes. However, the availability of donated human gametes within Italy falls short of meeting this demand. According to the Italian Ministry of Health, in 2020, there were over 3,100 requests for donated oocytes, but only 60 instances of fresh oocyte donations were recorded in Italy, necessitating imports primarily from Spain. A key factor in the low donation rates is Italy’s ban on compensating donors for their inconvenience and lost work time. Similarly, semen donations in Italy are inadequate, with 75% of male gametes imported from abroad. The lack of financial incentives, coupled with the significant influence of the Catholic Church and limited public awareness about infertility issues, contributes to Italy’s shortage of donors. Limitations, reasons for caution Not applicable. Wider implications of the findings The absence of a decision by the Italian legislator regarding the issue of donors leads to various problems: we refer to the costs that affect the centers, inevitably impacting patients who opt for treatment in Italy; or, conversely, in the travel costs for those who decide to seek treatment abroad. Trial registration number not applicable

USE OF CONSUMER DATA FOR BEHAVIOURAL ADVERTISING WITHIN MARKETPLACE PLATFORMS

Advertising plays an important role in consumer market, as it can awaken previously non-existent needs in the consumer and, due to its too much economic potential, has encouraged the creation and use of various engagement strategies. Some marketplace platforms store consumers’ data without proper consent and uses them for the development of advertising according to their behavior. Thus, the issue is based on the absence of regulation regarding such advertising strategy in the Brazilian legal system, since this conduct may violate the privacy of consumers, besides enabling a disproportionate advantage over other suppliers. It seeks to demonstrate what are the legal limits for the development of this practice, as well as to relate the Law of Consumer Relations to the Competition Law, since behavioral advertising unbalances the use of data allowing a non-egalitarian development of the trading system. Therefore, the methodological procedures used for this analysis consist of applied research, with a qualitative and hypothetical-deductive approach and descriptive objective, given to socioeconomic applicability. It is concluded, in view of this, that although behavioral advertising does not yet have a specific regulation in the Brazilian consumer microsystem, when the collection of data is not expressly authorized by consumers, this conduct can be considered abusive, based on Article 39 of the CDC, due to the violation of consumer privacy and the configuration of unfair competition.

Design and implementation of an alcohol detection driver system

A technology called an alcohol detection driver system is used to stop drunk driving by identifying alcohol in a motorist's breath or blood. This technology correctly measures the amount of alcohol a driver has in their system using sensors and algorithms, and it stops the car from starting if the amount is more than the legal limit. The number of fatal accidents and traffic fatalities caused by drinking could be greatly decreased thanks to this technology. The main focus of this project is to carry out the experiment in lowering the number of alcohol-related incidents on the road. Alcohol detection devices come in a variety of forms right now, including ignition interlocks, passive alcohol sensors, and in-car breathalyzers. Although these systems have reduced the number of drunk driving accidents, there remain questions about their efficiency, dependability, and cost. According to the sensor's specs, the output voltage of the MQ-3 sensor reduces by 69% during the sensor's recovery period of 30 seconds at 69% of baseline resistance. To assess the long-term viability and efficiency of these systems in lowering alcohol-related accidents and enhancing traffic safety, more research is required.

Blockchain-based Management for Organ Donation and Transplantation

Organ donation and transplantation systems now face a variety of requirements and obstacles in terms of registration, donor-recipient matching, organ removal, organ delivery, and transplantation, all of which are hampered by legal, clinical, ethical, and technical restrictions. As a result, a comprehensive organ donation and transplantation system is essential to provide a fair and efficient procedure that improves patient experience and confidence. In this work, we present a private Ethereum blockchain-based system for managing organ donation and transplantation in a completely decentralised, secure, traceable, auditable, private, and trustworthy manner. We create smart contracts and offer six algorithms, along with information on their implementation, testing, and validation. We assess the performance of the suggested solution by conducting privacy, security, and confidentiality assessments and comparing it to current solutions.

Drinker driver flyer diver.

Blood alcohol concentrations above defined levels are detrimental to cognitive performance. Empirical and published evidence suggest that nitrogen narcosis is analogous to alcohol intoxication with both impairing prefrontal cortex function. Nitrogen narcosis is also known to have been a factor in fatal accidents. To examine the effects of nitrogen narcosis, a recent publication used the Iowa Gambling Task tool, to simulate dynamic real-life risky decision-making behaviour. If the reported outcomes are corroborated in larger rigorously designed studies it is likely to provide further evidence that divers may well experience the negative effects of a 'narcotic agent', even at relatively shallow depths. These deleterious effects may occur regardless of diving experience, aptitude or professional status. In 1872, English law made it an offence to be 'drunk' whilst in charge of horses, carriages, cattle and steam engines. Understanding the danger was easy, establishing who is 'drunk' in the eyes of the court required a legal definition. Driving above a 'legal limit' for alcohol was made illegal in the United Kingdom in 1967. The limit was set at 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. It took just short of one hundred years to get from first introducing a restriction to specific activities, whilst under the influence of alcohol, to having a clear and well-defined enforceable law. The question surely is whether our modern society will tolerate another century before legally defining safe parameters for nitrogen narcosis?

ANALISIS PANCASILA SEBAGAI WELTANSCHAUUNG BAGI KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA

Pancasila as a weltanschauung has a very important role in directing the behavior and life of Indonesian society. By integrating the noble values ​​of the Indonesian nation, Pancasila becomes a moral compass and guideline in society and the state. The implementation of Pancasila values ​​in national and state life covers various aspects, such as social, political and cultural life. However, the implementation of Pancasila is also faced with various challenges and obstacles, such as limited awareness, limited resources and legal limitations. To overcome these challenges, strong awareness and commitment is needed from the community and government in developing the values ​​of Pancasila and maintaining a peaceful and prosperous national and state life. The approach taken is a literature study by examining several sources that are relevant to the analysis of Pancasila as a part of national life. Based on a literature study approach where the author collects data and information in the form of documents, discussion books, journals, articles and others.