Legal Education Research Articles

A Bottom-Up Analysis of Societal Belief in Judicial Independence in Russia

The study represents a first effort to explore societal sources of support for judicial independence under authoritarianism. Contemporary Russia, which is characterized by legal dualism, under which judges pay close attention to the governing law when resolving mundane cases but routinely twist this law beyond recognition in politicized cases, presents an ideal case study. Drawing primarily on two national representative surveys, fielded in 2008 and 2018, the author finds that a majority of Russians believe their judges to be under the control of political officials. Higher education and prior court experience are key predictors of skepticism. The study complicates the relationship among these factors by singling out Russians with legal education. Despite their high levels of knowledge and experience, law graduates are more likely to believe in judicial independence than other university graduates. This suggests the importance of drawing a contrast between those with profound knowledge, such as lawyers, and those with superficial knowledge. Thanks to their educational socialization and deeper understanding of the messy reality of courts, Russian lawyers are more forgiving of the courts’ shortcomings.

Improve children’s legal knowledge and skills through School Tasking: your time starts now

ABSTRACT School Tasking is a university primary outreach project that started life as a small pilot at the University of Warwick in the academic year 2021–22 and has since become a national competition in thirty-two universities across the UK and Ireland. The project has two principal aims: (1) to introduce pupils from less advantaged backgrounds to the idea of university (and particularly, legal) study, with the objective to widen access to higher education; and (2) to introduce pupils to the concept and study of law through interactive and engaging skills-based learning. By drawing on the School Tasking project data, this article will focus on the second of these aims, with the intention of showing that early legal education may broaden children’s understanding of law and thereby possibly disrupt their preconceptions about what it is, how it works, and who it is for.

Legal Education as Factor for Public Security

Security in modern society means more than just protecting territory and sovereignty. The dynamics of the existing and emerging new threats in the modern world, require ensuring security in society. Security is closely related to legality. Achieving security is directly related to the presence of trust and respect for the rule of law as a factor of fundamental importance for citizens to have confidence in public institutions. Without the existence of such trust, democratic societies cannot function. Legal education is the one that provides knowledge but it also forms personalities. Individuals who can be a provider of guarantees for stability and security in our society.

Cultural, philosophical and legal aspects of volunteering in Kyrgyzstan: Current challenges

The relevance of the study of volunteer activity in Kyrgyz society is due to the epistemological need for a comprehensive understanding of this sphere of human activity at the current stage of development of Kyrgyzstan. This is due to the insufficient conceptualisation of this issue in the country's scientific space. This study uses two main theoretical and methodological approaches: axiological and praxeological. The survey method was chosen for the empirical part of the study. The total number of participants in the study was 284. The purpose of the study is to analyse the motivation and features of volunteering in Kyrgyzstan, taking into account historical contexts, current conditions, legal framework, and potential areas of development. Volunteers in Kyrgyzstan actively support educational and cultural projects, focusing on the development of society in these areas. Social projects are less of a priority. The main motivations for volunteers are social responsibility and personal interests, while traditional and religious factors are less important. The professionalisation and standardisation of volunteering is becoming increasingly prominent, given the rational motivations. The main challenges for volunteers and volunteer organisations in the country are lack of funding and resources, difficulties in organising projects, and limited access to professional training for volunteers. Social and legal aid, education, youth support, healthcare and medical care remain priority areas for volunteering in the current environment. Most respondents expressed optimism about the future of volunteering in Kyrgyzstan. They are confident that it will continue to develop and play a more important role in society. Improved funding, stronger cooperation with government agencies by introducing a legal framework for volunteer activities, development of the infrastructure and global cooperation are seen as key factors for effective organisation of volunteer activities and addressing social and legal challenges in the future. The study contains valuable information for government institutions related to volunteering and will be useful for the development of high-quality state policy in this area

IoT-inspired teaching for legal education: AI-based learning based on decision tree algorithm

IoT-inspired teaching for legal education: AI-based learning based on decision tree algorithm

Social justice in the Curriculum of Legal Education: Quo Vadis?

Objective: The purpose of this study is to This writing brings up the study on what is necessary to be included in the conventional curriculum of legal education to be able to produce law graduates who can be agents of change in the social construction of social and justice that is impaired. Method: The research methods used are conceptual approach, socio-legal approach, and hermeneutic to portray and analyze, and also to dissect the problems in curriculum of legal education and social justice education in particular as an attempt to answer the problems of law in the society. Results: Legal education is one of the vehicles to achieve the socially just society through the infusion of values and social justice study in the learning curriculum of law in law schools so that the institutions of legal education can create reliable profiles of graduates in practicing law in a sense that these graduates hold legal and social capacity to construct a socially just society.

Analisis Link Aggregated Group Interface Pada Switch Untuk Sistem Link Redudancy Di Universitas Widyatama

Widyatama University is a Legal Entity Private Higher Education Institution under the main institution of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek). Providing superior private universities is one of the results of performance, management and maintaining service quality. Link Redundancy is one of the technologies in the network that is used to maintain the stability of a network connection by using several physical network paths simultaneously. Link Redundancy is needed for performance and services to run well. Link Aggregation Group (LAG) is one of the link redundancy models whose way of working is to combine several physical interfaces into a single interface at the Layer 2 network layer (Data Link Layer). Implementation of Link Aggregation Group (LAG) makes network connections more secure by increasing bandwidth, dividing bandwidth loads, increasing network path availability, and having a minimal risk of data duplication of data errors.

Weaving "Equity, Belonging and Power/Authority" for Pasifika into the Law Schools and Universities in Aotearoa New Zealand

The report (Fofola na ibe) of the "Improving Pasifika Legal Education Project" concluded that the law schools in New Zealand have not served Pasifika peoples well. The reasons for this are diverse, and the range of possible solutions are complex. For many Pasifika peoples, the law school is inherently foreign to their views and values. Armed with the findings and recommendations of the report, this article uses the Pasifika weaving conception to reflect on the ways that law schools in New Zealand can ensure, through discussion, dialogue and action, that they are a just, equitable and welcoming place for Pasifika law students.

Optimizing the Improvement of Judge Competence in Settlements of Sharia Economic Disputes in Religious Courts

Introduction: This is motivated by the increasingly widespread sharia economic disputes being handled by the Religious Courts, so that an institution is needed that can create the character of judges that are in accordance with the expectations of society. The institution is the Research and Development Agency for Legal and Judicial Education and Training of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia (Balitbang Diklat Kumdil MA-RI).Purposes of the Research: This paper describes the legal symptoms or legal facts related to the ability of religious court judges to decide cases related to sharia economics and studies the education and training curriculum for judges within the scope of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 4 of 2019 concerning Procedures for Simple Claims and Supreme Court Regulation No. 14 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Settlement of Sharia Economic DisputesMethods of the Research: This paper uses a normative juridical approach.Results of the Research: Implementation of the curriculum at the Ministry of Education and Training Research and Development of the Supreme Court ‘Kumdil’ aims to improve the ability to organize training. The capacity building referred to is one of the certifications of sharia economic judges which is aimed at forming the quality of judges' resources in the technical field of justice who are professional, have integrity and are independent in resolving sharia economic disputes.

Clinical Legal Education and Access to Justice During and Beyond COVID-19: Some Reflections of Indian Experience

Legal education aims to impart legal skills and training to law students and develop them into professionals who can render legal services. Clinical legal education (CLE) bridges the gap between the theory and practice of law. CLE has dual purposes of imparting lawyering skills to law students and achieving the social justice mission of law. CLE imparts certain skills and values to students for social justice. Students’ involvement in legal aid clinics makes them more justice-oriented, empathetic and ready for social change. With such orientation, they can assume larger leadership roles as ‘social engineers’. The access to justice crisis compels us to think about legal education’s scope and purpose. In this article, we argue that CLE is indispensable for the attainment of access to justice. During the COVID-19 pandemic, students supervised by clinicians at legal aid clinics worked with communities on issues of ‘migration’, ‘health’ and ‘education’. We argue that the COVID-19 pandemic was instrumental in revealing that legal aid clinics can play a larger role in the attainment of access to justice even during ‘normal times’. This article offers recommendations in order to achieve the goal of securing access to justice for the masses.

Integrating Sustainability Into Curriculum of Legal Education in Latvia: An Insight Into the Main Issues

Abstract For the last few decades, there has been an ongoing academic debate about the integration of sustainability into the curricula of higher education institutions to address various global challenges. Legal education is no exception. Taking into consideration that the new generation of legal professionals will be responsible for the development of regulations as well as for advocating for the individuals’ interests related to global issues, they need to be equipped with knowledge and skills to tackle these complex problems effectively. In this context, teachers1 play a crucial role, since they can instill in their students a sense of responsibility towards the future generations. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the concept of sustainability can be integrated into the curriculum of legal education in general and in Latvia in particular. To achieve the aim, the following research methods are used: legal analysis to examine the meaning and the place of the concept of sustainability in the context of legal education in Latvia and a scientific literature review to investigate the concept of sustainability in the context of integrating it into the curriculum of legal education. The main conclusions of the article: the future strategy for law schools and law faculties in Latvia should involve the incorporation of sustainability into the learning outcomes of law programs and specific courses, teaching strategies, and research opportunities for students; also, by broadening interdisciplinarity of the programs and involving students in collaboration with various stakeholders to promote sustainable development.

Penyuluhan Bantuan Hukum Cuma- Cuma bagi Masyarakat Tidak Mampu di Kota Singkawang

The lack of public knowledge about Legal Aid and guarantees of public understanding regarding the Procedures for Obtaining Legal Aid that can be received free of charge by underprivileged people causes losses for the community. The aim of this writing is to obtain a clear picture of the reallife system of society, explore understanding of the law and legal problems that exist in society, and help the public obtain free understanding and assistance in resolving legal problems experienced in everyday life. The method in this writing uses empirical legal research methods. So, in this writing we found important steps to increase public awareness about people's rights and how to get access to the free legal assistance they need. Legal education about free legal aid can help people who are unable to understand people's rights and how people can take advantage of free legal aid to overcome the legal problems they are experiencing.

Formation of modern regional judiciary in Russia: a case study of courts of general jurisdiction of Novosibirsk Oblast

This study outlines results of the study on regional judiciary conducted in the Novosibirsk Oblast and summarizes analysis on its socio-demographic and professional composition and sources of formation. The study is interdisciplinary in nature; sociological (questionnaires and in-depth interviews) and legal research methods (historical and legal, formal legal, comparative legal) have been applied, 192 judges of courts of general jurisdiction of the Novosibirsk Oblast have been interviewed during the research. The analysis of the outcome of the study shows that a modern regional judge is a young woman who received a full-time legal education at a classical university and has a predominant professional experience in court. The study acknowledges further rejuvenation and feminization of the regional judiciary, due to specifics of personnel policy. The dominant source of replenishment of the regional corps of judges is the court apparatus; this method is most significant for the formation of justices of the peace (JPs) and judges of district courts. The main reasons for the predominance of representatives from the court apparatus in the judiciary corps are the scope of work and requirements for the professional qualities of a judge, among which adaptability to high workloads, significant amount of paperwork, control over procedural deadlines, and effective compliance with the key indicators of the judge’s work form the core. We believe that the trend to form the judiciary mainly through internal sources may negatively affect the authority and status of the judicial profession.

Legal Status and Problems of Exercising the Rights and Obligations of the Educational Process Subjects

Introduction: Nowadays, the globalization processes and the growth of trade and economic competition associated with them pose new challenges for states. Science and education traditionally underlie any country's economic progress. Meanwhile, the state is called upon to satisfy society's educational needs to achieve its development's strategic goals. Objective: The research discusses problems of exercising the rights and obligations of the subjects carrying out their activities in the educational environment. By general and special research methods, the theoretical and empirical material is analyzed and generalized. The research outcome is revelation of tendencies of developing the individual rights in the educational environment and a prospect of the further improvement of the laws in the sphere of education. Problems of regulating the educational activities are discussed in the context of debates held by various authors about the form and content of the phenomenon under research. According to the research results, conclusions are made that in the sphere of education a lot of important social relations are regulated by extralegal social regulators. There is a need for improvement of a legal status of subjects of the educational process and of legal groundwork for the educational activities by means of developing the promising areas of legal regulation of the educational activities. Method: During the research, the main legal acts in the sphere of education were analyzed. These acts include the Constitution, the Law “On Education”, the Law “On Status of the Teacher, the Labor Code. These are the main legislative acts regulating the relations between subjects of the educational process. Other legal acts were also considered, which, in a sense, deal with the sphere of education. This is the Code “On People’s Health and Health Care System”, and the following laws: “On Social and Medical-Pedagogical Correctional Support for Children with Special Educational Needs”, “On Culture”, “On Physical Education and Sports”, “On Military Service and Status of Servicemen”, “On Law Enforcement Service”, “On Special Government Agencies” and other legal acts. The research used the general scientific methods - dialectics and axoilogy, general scientific methods - analysis, synthesis, comparison, a predictive method, and private methods of legal research. Results: As a result of analyzing various view points and opinions, the following theoretical results were obtained. The research showed the basic groups of subjects, among which the mutual rights and obligations are supposed to be built. The groups under consideration are characterized by the primary signs that are driven by their functional rights and obligations. Conclusion: The research substantiates a necessity to improve the legal relations in the educational environment, discusses the contradictions driven by an insufficient level of legal education and upbringing. By researching the theoretical sources, importance of further improvement of a legal status of teachers, students and pupils, and other subjects of the educational process is discussed.

Implementing artificial intelligence in civil procedure and legal education: challenges and perspectives

Implementing artificial intelligence in civil procedure and legal education: challenges and perspectives

Human rights and corruption as manifestation of their violation

This article examines the state of implementation and compliance with generally recognized legal principles and norms of international law in the field of fundamental human rights 
 © Корж І.Ф., 2023
 and freedoms in Ukraine. It is noted that human rights should be understood as the defining principles of a person’s legal status, which belong to them from birth, are natural and inalienable, without which a person cannot exist as a full-fledged social being, and therefore they are a necessary element of citizens, society and the rule of law. The concept of human rights is based on two basic values – human dignity and equality. Human rights are defined and formalized primarily by international law, which includes a number of basic international legal acts, such as: Universal Declaration of Human Rights; European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its protocols; Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Ukraine, which noted its further development in the direction of integration into the EU, formalized the rights of its citizens in the Constitution adopted in 1996, which enshrines a whole series of both traditional and new guarantees of human and citizen rights and freedoms, which allow each citizen to choose the type of his behavior, to use economic and socio-political freedoms and social benefits both in personal and public interests. It is emphasized that the establishment of human rights in Ukraine as the highest social value is complicated by a number of factors, which is mainly determined by the low legal culture of both the general public and civil servants and is confirmed by the fact that for many years Ukraine occupied one of the first places among the member states of the Council of Europe by the number of cases of violation of citizens’ rights that were pending in the European Court. This indicates the existing problems in the state regarding legal education, legal awareness, legal culture, etc. of citizens who are primarily in public authorities, and which manifests itself in the manifestation of corruption, as legal nihilism of citizens. This becomes particularly cynical during the period of fighting against Russian aggression, as evidenced by numerous reports in the mass media. Such manifestations of corruption scandals in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, in civil-military administrations, in local self-government bodies, in other state bodies of the country testify to the presence of a deep political and legal crisis in the state administration bodies of the country, as a result of the lack of program documents on the implementation of state personnel policy, inactivity legal mechanisms to fight corruption. Even the Law of Ukraine “On De-Oligarchization” was subjected to devastating criticism not only from the Ukrainian public, but also from the “Western” community. Confirmation of the relevance and importance of the need to solve the problem of corruption in Ukraine is evidenced by the fact that our ally the USA put forward clear conditions for further support of Ukraine in its fight against aggression and aspiration to join the European Union. The future success of Ukraine depends on accelerating the pace of reforms that remain unimplemented and the immediate implementation of identified priority transformations in Ukraine.

Assessing the Benefits of Online Learning in Higher Education and its Impact on Law Students

The present study aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, focusing on the importance of understanding how legal education can benefit from online learning. The problem under investigation resided in asking what the benefits of online learning for legal education are and how it impacts law students. For this study, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to recollect and analyze the existing literature available regarding legal education and online learning. This process entailed a comprehensive search across academic databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ProQuest, with the help of keywords and research criteria in order to enhance the study’s result and establish a collection of literature that would help the study’s research questions regarding legal education and its impact on law students. The main hypothesis established that law students are capable of fully embracing online learning thanks to today’s level of adaptability, and while the results show that a vast number of students have access to mobile technology and are aware of the benefits of online learning, law schools need to gradually implement this methodology in order to start experiencing mentioned benefits and have an effective applicability of this methods in their teaching programs.

Legal Culture of a Police Offi cer: Essence, Features of Formation and Development

The article examines the essence of legal culture. Its constituent elements are reviewed and analyzed. Issues related to its formation and development are considered in detail. Legal education and self-education are key elements in the developmentof an employee both at a departmental university and after graduating from other educational institutions. The problems of legal education and training of police offi cers, as systemic and dynamic processes, are also touched upon. Particular attention is paid to the legal thinking and consciousness of the employee, as well as issues of legal epistemology.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОНКУРСНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ВЫБОРОВ НА КАДРОВЫЙ СОСТАВ ГЛАВ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ ЧЕЛЯБИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

This article is devoted to the practice of using the «competitive model» of replacing the head of local self-government. The authors examine the advantages and disadvantages of the use of competitive selection in the election of heads of municipalities. It is noted that the introduction of a «competitive model» of elections has significantly increased the influence of governors on the selection of heads of municipalities. Based on the conducted research, the results of its application and the nature of its influence on the formation of the personnel of the heads of urban districts and municipal districts of the Chelyabinsk region are studied. The assessment of the corps of heads of local self-government is given according to such parameters as: gender, age, type of education and experience in leadership work. A comparative analysis of the personnel composition of the heads of municipalities formed by the results of the municipal elections of 2015 and 2020 was carried out. The analysis of the parameters of the elected heads of municipalities made it possible to identify the selection criteria that guided the regional state authorities in the selection of candidates. The new competitive selection mechanism made it possible to nominate persons with work experience in municipalities, most of whom received legal and economic education, to the post of head, which had a positive impact on the renewal of the staff. Based on statistical and biographical data of the elected heads of local self-government, a collective portrait of the head of the municipality of the Chelyabinsk region was compiled.

Пропаганда бизнес-этики в России: правовые основы

Introduction. In the context of the significance of the development of the Russian economy, the culture of business communications of business entities is of particular importance. Its enhancement and stimulation are supported in every possible way by the state, and popularization of entrepreneurship and formation of a positive image of the entrepreneur among the population become the most important area of activity in achieving state goals and objectives. Though, the process of forming business ethics and legal regulation of the promotion of business ethics in the Russian legislation are still at the stage of active development. Theoretical analysis. The modern legal field primarily reflects promotion of the values of competition, promotion of social responsibility norms among entrepreneurs, promotion of legal entrepreneurship and formation of a positive image of the entrepreneur. However, most often, the legislator creates the prerequisites for the behavior desired by business in the existing legal conditions, without directly enshrining the “propaganda of business ethics”, with examples from current legislation and law enforcement practice being confirmation of that. Empirical analysis. Fragmented legal regulation of the promotion of business ethics, both at the federal and regional levels, emphasizes the lack of a systematic approach to understanding business ethics, which, in turn, may affect the effectiveness of the future formation of fair commercial practices. Result. In the legal field, business ethics should be considered as a complex, collective and still developing concept, including an attitude to the social responsibility of a business entity, corruption, healthy competition, combining elements of management ethics, corporate culture, ethics of interaction with government agencies, environmental awareness, etc. Introduction to the legal field of promoting business ethics is a natural process. Legal education remains an effective measure to promote business ethics among business entities, that pursues preventive goals, and only in conjunction with measures to support and encourage such activities at the present time, since ensuring the standards of business ethics is closely related to the absence of illegal forms of economic struggle, to building measures of economic security in the context of corporate social responsibility, rejection of corruption, etc.