Legal Control Research Articles

Forms of partnership between the public and private sectors and their jurisprudential controls

In his history, man knew many contracts to meet his needs, such as selling, renting, etc. But since man’s needs are endless, and the contracts with which people dealt may not be sufficient to secure their renewed needs, it was necessary to innovate new contracts that were not known at the time the legislation was revealed. Therefore, this research studies the most prominent partnership contracts between the public and private sectors, by clarifying their concept and characteristics, and then revealing the most important legal controls related to these contracts, through the rulings and rules established by jurists that control financial transactions with the rules of the true Sharia.This research was a statement of the importance of knowing the legal controls related to the most prominent partnership contracts between the public and private sectors and activating them in practice, because of the great benefits

‘It’s a magical weed’: an exploration of drug-themed chants in Greek football fandom

This article explores the phenomenon of drug-themed chanting among Greek Ultras. We reviewed 440 chants from 11 Greek football clubs to examine the role of these chants, discussing critically the reasons that led to their genesis and their reproduction. We found multiple references to substances which are used in the lyrics either as analogies, or referring to drug use, or to a ‘state of mind’. The overall low degree of drug normalization in Greece, lead the Ultras to seek spaces and time where they can freely talk about drugs without the fear of social or legal control. In addition, drug-themed chanting is a part of a self-identification process through which Greek Ultras seek recognition by the audience in or outside the stadium. That recognition can be used as a process of distinction and differentiation, and also function as a symbolic opposition ‘against modern football’.

Residues of an anthelmintic veterinary drug (closantel) detected in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Scotland

The contamination of the environment by some veterinary medicines and their impact on wild animals is of increasing concern. However, there is a lack of information about their residues in wildlife. The sentinel animals most commonly used for monitoring the level of environmental contamination are birds of prey, and information on other carnivores and scavengers scarce. This study examined the livers from 118 foxes for residues of a range of 18 veterinary medicines (16 anthelmintic agents and 2 metabolites) used on farm livestock. The samples were collected from foxes, primarily in Scotland, shot during legal pest control activities conducted between 2014 and 2019. Closantel residues were detected in 18 samples, and the concentrations found ranged from 6.5 µgkg−1 to 1383 µgkg−1. No other compounds were found in significant quantities. The results show a surprising frequency and level of closantel contamination, raising concerns about both the route of contamination and the potential impacts on wild animals and the environment, such as the potential for significant wildlife contamination to contribute to the development of closantel-resistant parasites. The results also suggest that red fox (Vulpes vulpes) could be a useful sentinel species for detecting and monitoring some veterinary medicine residues in the environment.

Shaming the Untrustworthy and Paths to Relief in China’s Social Credit System

China’s social credit system (SCS) formalizes reputational regulation, thereby challenging traditional remedial paths. It adds trust assessments and their dissemination to the regulatory repertoire of Chinese state agencies across all realms. This use of adverse publicity, however, entails the loss of the agency’s control over the scope and intensity of the punishment as the punitive action is realized by information recipients, rather than the agency itself. Traditional legal controls are not fit for shaming. We map how the SCS innovates public regulation by implementing a strategy for regulatory shaming from the central level. In a second step, we discuss its consequences, specifically, how undue damages are remedied. Legal remedies for social credit shaming measures are regularly denied, as their position in the law is unclear. Other existing remedial channels likewise do not consider the particularities of shame sanctions such as irreversibility. Social credit reputational regulation might best be controlled by formulating an agency practice that retains control over the scope of punishment.

International legal protection standards personal information

The article examines the specificities of personal data protection at the international level, clarifying the meaning of concepts such as “personal information”, “personal data”, “person” and “identity”. The analysis and synthesis of existing norms of international standards have been carried out, allowing to identify the range of issues requiring elimination of contradictions at the legislative level, in order to increase the efficiency of their application, given the rapid processes of globalisation, development of high technologies and as a consequence – appearance of a new international terrorism form – cyber terrorism, the society requires new approaches and definition of new standards for modern personal data system, resolution of contradictions arising in modern law, legal control over the development of electronic environment and computer systems. To address these issues, the dynamics and specifics of legal regulation in this area have been studied.
 A significant number of monographs and periodicals are devoted to the issue personal data protection. Among them, we can highlight the scientific achieve-ments of M. Bem. K. Bennett, V. Bryzhko, S. Vorren, T. Kostetska, T. Obukhovska, A. Paziuk, K. Polinkevych, I. Sopilko, M. Shvets. Given a large number of statutory regulations and their differences in defining conceptual and categorical apparatus, mechanisms of application of personal information protection standards, a large range of issues in this area of relations are unresolved today, in connection with which their consideration and systematization are relevant.
 Definition of the content and scope of essential features of the "personality", "natural person" and "personal data" terms. The statutory regulations of the European legal system regulating issues related to the protection of personal data are investigated and the most important provisions are highlighted. New European standards in accordance with Regulation 2016/679 are identified.
 It should be noted that international documents in the field of personal data protection have a similar purpose, but at the same time, they do not have a single definition of basic concepts, such as natural person, information, information about a natural person, identified natural person, personal data processing, etc. that complicates their effective understanding and application by all participants of these relations.
 It is worth noting that the adoption of Regulation 2016/67 was a breakthrough in the simplification of the legal regulation. After all, the framework Directive 95/46/EC, which was in force before its adoption, was interpreted differently by each country, which caused many misunderstandings and created obstacles to ensure the human right to privacy. That is why the issue of unification of legal regulation in this area is always relevant and requires continuous improvement and timely response to changes in the information technology space.

Legal regulation of budget control as a type of management activity in the budget

The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of budget control in the budget process. The activity of state institutions aimed at establishing the legality of the activities of participants of budget regulation is analyzed. The problem of ambiguity of application of budget control is revealed and its principles are considered. The possibility to establish how efficiently, rationally, economically and legally the budget funds were used, whether all the reserves were used to fill the revenue side of the budgets is analyzed. Meanwhile, despite the fact of misuse of budget funds, the state can reimburse the losses caused to it. At the same time, budget control can prevent violations of budget discipline, irrational and inappropriate use of budget funds. The solution of this problem is entrusted to the Accounting Chamber, the State Treasury, the bodies of the Ministry of Finance. The author substantiates the interpretation of the term "budgetary control" as a term that establishes the legal status of subjects of financial control and defines its system in many legislative and subordinate legal acts.
 It is summarized that budget control as a type of managerial activity of the budget process can be characterized as the activity of authorized entities regulated by the norms of budget law to carry out operations of comparing the indicators of budgetary and legal reality with the established norms of budget law, identifying and eliminating deviations in order to bring the indicators of budgetary activity in line with the established norms of budget law.
 Sustainability, the realization of goals and the effectiveness of state expenditures depend on the effectiveness of budgetary control measures as a special type of regulation of budgetary legal relations.
 The task of this article is the analysis of legal regulation budget control as a type of management activity in the budget process and the study of legal problems in the field of budget control to systematize proposals for improving the current legislation in this area.

Women’s Work and its limitations in Islam

This article focuses on women’s work and its Islamic limitations knowing that the principle in Islam is that the woman resides in the house, and her leaving it is a license and an exception, as mentioned in the Holy Quran: {And stay in your homes...} [Al-Ahzab: 33]. Then some texts excluded the permission for the woman to go out when there is a need, except that it is not a general exit, rather the Sharia has set conditions, controls and limits for it. One of these needs is working in the public fields. This paper will try to highlight the legal controls for women leaving the house in general and for work in particular, so that it shows what women must adhere to and observe before leaving for work and the manner in which they should go out with the legal veil. The paper also touches on some controls related to the nature of work, and the most important results that One of the most important findings of the research is that Islam did not prevent women from practicing the profession of work, but at the same time it did not leave them neglected, but rather set controls for them that they should observe, just as the husband and whoever has responsibility for the woman, whether she is a daughter or a sister, should undertake her with advice and guidance And a reminder of responsibility, such as taking care of the affairs of her home and raising her children well, with the aim of reconciling home duties with work duties, and not neglecting one side at the expense of another if she is able to do so. The research relied on the inductive approach in collecting scientific material from heritage books, tracking opinions and evidence on the subject, and then using the analytical approach on the subject.

Проблема социального отчуждения и эффективность продовольственного потребления (теоретико-методологические аспекты)

Abstract. In the context of a steadily changing macroeconomic and geopolitical situation and the formation of a new social reality, the issues of the efficiency of food supply and consumption are coming to the fore in the policy of any state. In this regard, the object of this study is to analyze and evaluate the phenomenon of social exclusion in food consumption and its role in the development of the food supply system for the population of our country in the context of macroeconomic instability and turbulence. The objectives of the study are: to identify the most important reasons that cause the persistence of the phenomenon of social exclusion in the field of food consumption in modern Russian society; assessment of the main factors and possible consequences of social exclusion in the socio-economic development of the country; analysis of the relationship between social exclusion, the efficiency of food consumption and the level of poverty in the sphere of food consumption of the population. Methods. To achieve the goal, inductive-deductive, program-target, structural-functional, expert-analytical and historical-retrospective methods were used. Scientific novelty consists in revealing the fundamental causes and main factors of maintaining social exclusion in the sphere of food consumption and determining ways to overcome it in the new social reality. Among the causes of social exclusion in the field of food consumption are endogenous and exogenous factors: the rudimentary preservation of the remnants of the past nomenclature system of catering and its revival in the face of growing bureaucracy; a relatively low share of imported high-quality food products and a high share of low-quality domestic food products; low level of transparency in the organization of food supply; weak legal control and a high level of irresponsibility of officials in the organization of various (especially special) food practices; comparatively high rates of inflation and growth in food prices compared to other groups of goods. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of theoretical and methodological aspects of this problem and the possibilities of its application in the food policy of the state.

Controls Necessary to Activate the Role of Sports Academies in the Selection of Team Sports Players

This study aimed to identify the necessary controls to activate the role of sports academies in the selection of players of team sports (volleyball, basketball, handball, and football) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of survey studies, which was suitable to achieve the goal of the study; this approach describes an object, analyzes it, and extracts relevant facts. The study community comprises faculty members in the field of sports management and the training of team sports, coaches, and employees of the Saudi volleyball federations, basketball and handball, employees of private sports academies, and employees of the General Authority for Sports. The study sample was selected by the random class method and included (145) individuals. The primary tool for data collection was the analysis of documents, records, and questionnaires. One of the study's most important results was to identify the necessary controls to activate the role of sports academies in the selection of team sports players, including administrative controls, technical controls, legal and legislative controls, health and environmental controls, and other controls.

MAPPING THE ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN: A CRITICAL GIS APPROACH

ABSTRACT Bringing together research on human impacts on marine environments, cultural representation, and geographic information systems (GIS), we explore new approaches to digitally representing the anthropogenic ocean. Marine environments present vexing subjects to capture digitally. Complex physical and biological oceanography, invisible boundaries, ambiguous legal controls, conflicts between multiple stakeholders over subsistence and commercial marine resources, and cultural variations in core ocean epistemologies complicate our ability to model historical and contemporary human interactions with the marine environment. Academic focus on the concept of the Anthropocene within geography, together with critical GIS studies, open new possibilities to transcend division between natural and social sciences. We propose an object-oriented, multiscalar framework for a database of anthropogenic ocean layers that represent human-ocean interactions. We outline strategies for digitally representing human experiences of maritime space and introduce a prototype GIS data structure for its delivery.

Accounting and control of foreign economic electronic transactions using cryptocurrencies

Introduction. Digitization of socio-economic processes and the active development of information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of a new phenomenon - “cryptocurrency”, which requires the improvement of accounting and control of electronic transactions. The use of cryptocurrencies in electronic transactions is associated with six stages of their evolution from the accounting and control theory: 1) intangible assets, 2) stocks, 3) investment property, 4) financial instruments, 5) cash equivalents, 6) cash. Today, in international regulations, accounting and control policies, cryptocurrencies are at the initial stage of formation and are positioned as intangible assets. However, the realities of their foreign economic use are ahead of legal and accounting and control regulations. There was a need to transform the methodology and organization of accounting and control of foreign economic electronic transactions using cryptocurrencies.The purpose of the article is to improve the accounting and control of cryptocurrencies in the context of their use in foreign economic electronic monetary transactions.Methods. In the process of the article purpose realization the system, innovative, institutional approaches and methods of economic and mathematical modeling, bibliographic and comparative analysis are used.Results. The need for progressive evolution of the accounting and control understanding of cryptoassets as stocks, investment property, financial instruments and, at the final stage, money is substantiated. The ability of cryptocurrencies to perform the functions of money has been studied: a measure of value, a means of circulation, a means of accumulation, a means of payment, world money. It was determined that cryptographic monetary units can be considered money only in the case of the ability to be a means of international exchange. It has been proven that the final stage of the formation of the concept of “cryptocurrencies” is their recognition as monetary units for international monetary exchange as a component of foreign economic activity. The expressed author’s vision regarding the use of cryptocurrencies in foreign economic electronic transactions, which requires reducing the speculative nature of the cryptocurrency market, avoiding their improper and illegal use, and increasing the level of international control of monetary transactions. It is necessary to establish parity in the control of electronic transactions using cryptocurrencies and confidentiality, which can be implemented with the involvement of international independent audit institutions. An information scheme of an innovative information environment of foreign economic electronic transactions using cryptocurrencies has been developed, in which multi-level integration processes take place with the formation of: An integrated system of electronic communications based on the combination of “Client- bank”, “Internet-bank” and block-chain structuring of account data; Integrated system of information synchronization of banking and accounting and control software; An integrated system of business communications, which connects all participants of international monetary settlements; Integrated accounting and control system.Prospects. The practical implementation of the developed information scheme of the innovative information environment of foreign economic electronic transactions is the basis for the formation of virtual meta-environments in which all financial and economic processes take place exclusively in an electronic format, which requires further research in this direction.

The Legal Issues of Firearms Trafficking in the United States of America

Relevance and subject of research. The circulation of firearms as a source of increased danger is subject to legal regulation and control in the Russian Federation. The use of weapons by police officers is no exception. The norms of the Federal Law of February 7, 2011 No. 3-FZ “About the Police” (hereinafter referred to as the Law “About the Police”) refer to the achievements of domestic administrative science as a result of the work of specialists. In systemic connection with the norms of criminal law, they regulate the conditions and limits for the use of coercive measures by police officers, including firearms. The fundamental ideas of the activities of the Russian police have successfully cooperated with the norms of international law. On the contrary, in the socalled “leading” democratic state – the United States of America, such cooperation does not look well-coordinated, which the Author substantiates when studying the origins of the right of citizens of this state to own firearms, the regulatory regulation of the circulation of weapons in the United States, the negative consequences of this regulation (based on research by American scientists and statistical data), the activities of the US police to counter armed attacks and its legal regulation. One of the US attempts to comply with international law in this area is analyzed, namely the adopted new policy of the US Customs and Border Protection on the use of force, including firearms.The purpose of the study is to determine the state of legal regulation of the circulation of civilian firearms in the United States, the use of these weapons as a coercive measure by police officers in order to identify its positive aspects, in the presence of which the decision on the possibility / impossibility of their introduction into Russian legislation. This led to the setting of the following tasks: to study the constitutional foundations of the right to own firearms by US citizens (historical aspect); to determine the current state of legal regulation of civilian circulation of firearms in the United States and its consequences; analyze the activities of the US police to counter armed attacks and its legal regulation, evaluate them and determine the prospects for their improvement; identify the provisions of American legislation that are of scientific interest, and the possibility / impossibility of their implementation in Russian legislation.The methodological basis of the study was a dialectical approach to the scientific knowledge of social relations associated with the circulation of firearms, the implementation of their state regulation, analysis and synthesis of the results obtained during the study, which made it possible to formulate and substantiate the conclusions. Among the special methods used in the study are the method of studying normative legal acts and documents, the empirical method, the method of processing and analyzing data, and their generalization. Findings. The study shows that the constitutional foundations for the right to own firearms by US citizens developed simultaneously with the emergence of statehood: first in individual states, and then in the very union of these states formed into a single US government. The existing multi-layered legal framework for regulating the circulation of firearms has created a wide range of owners with a relatively simple system of access, which negatively affects the criminal environment, in which armed attacks with mass casualties are of high importance. Cases of armed attacks and other negative illegal acts to a certain extent influenced the processes of militarization of the police, the creation and strengthening of special operations units, the adoption by the police of various types of military equipment, weapons and special means. Detailed legal regulation of the use of lethal force by the police is developing belatedly. The 2014 adoption of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Manual did not prompt other law enforcement agencies to adopt similar rules, indicating the fragmentation of U.S. law enforcement. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection Guidelines on the use of force is of particular scientific interest, and after its careful analysis, it is possible to introduce certain provisions into the legal regulation of the activities of the Russian police, especially the use of lethal force. The fundamental ideas of police activity developed in Russia can be recognized as certain guidelines for the development of the American police. The relatively small number of firearm owners in Russia and the high requirements for the circulation of firearms are a deterrent to the negative developments taking place in the United States.

Improving of the administrative and legal control over compliance with labor legislation and labor protection requirements

Improving of the administrative and legal control over compliance with labor legislation and labor protection requirements

On the experience of France in the preparation, control and qualification requirements for mediators

The article presents an analysis of the legal status and control over the activities of mediators in France. In the country pay close attention on regulating the activities of mediators and associations offering services for the mediation procedure. In order to ensure the proper functioning of conciliators and mediation organizations, control bodies have been established to monitor compliance with the fundamental requirements governing the work of mediators. In order to develop and improve the mediation procedure in the Russian Federation as the most effective way of alternative dispute resolution, the article analyzes on the France Republic regulations, as well as the qualification requirements of specialized organizations for mediators to be included in the list of conciliators at the appellate courts of France. In the second part of the study, the issue of requirements for mediators is discussed on the example of the work of the Commission for the control of mediators in the field of consumption (Commission d'évaluation et de contrôle de la médiation de la consommation). As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that, unlike the Russian legislation regulating mediation issues, the activities, duties, and responsibilities of mediators in France are strictly regulated. Of no small importance is a clear sectoral division of mediators. This practice allows us to conclude that the conditions for the high efficiency of the work of mediators in the republic are created, since each specialist, in addition to having a special professional education, including legal education, is an expert in the area in which disputes arise. Such an organization of the work of conciliators seems to be highly justified, since the persons who have applied for the help of mediators have confidence that the dispute will be resolved with the help of a certified specialist, and not a person who has taken a basic course on the basics of mediation.

Theoretical and Methodological Bases of Developing Save Digital Education Environment in Professional Education: Legal and Technological Aspects

This article is the continuation of the research started in 2020 based at Science and Education Centre “Digital education environment” of department of law at Lomonosov Moscow State University. Research subject are general methodological bases of developing save Digital education environment (DEE), technological and legal aspects of ensuring its safety. In this work, the authors have studied the idea of DEE security. The analysis of tendencies and challenges that influence the safety of DEE were provided. To ensure secure usage of online services and platforms, indicators of digital education environment safety were established and analyzed. Stated indicators are examined through the prism of education quality criteria (based on the previously developed approach). In this article, existing legal aspect of ensuring safety of DEE and its individual constituents are studied. In the context of securing DEE safety and other adjacent problems the authors have examined the prospects of legal and organizational regulation. Namely the licensing and certification, DEE users’ legal status, user identification and control mechanisms of DEE, technological aspects of DEE safety and their legalization, the development prospects of methodological and linguistic tools, safety of micro-teaching via DEE and gamification of DEE.

我国外来物种入侵法律防治的对策研究

我国外来物种入侵法律防治的对策研究

Проблемы правовой регламентации и практики реализации норм УПК РФ об охране прав личности в уголовном судопроизводстве

Introduction. Investigation of criminal cases is associated with the need to apply measures of criminal procedural coercion. Coercion and restriction of constitutional rights of citizens in varying degrees is inherent in most investigative actions. Recognising the necessity of application of procedural coercion to achieve the goals of criminal proceedings, the need for effective measures of legal control over the legality and validity of the application of law-restricting measures is substantiated. Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, CPC of the Russian Federation, as well as scientific publications on the investigated problem of Russian scientists. The research is carried out in retrospect of formation of procedural guarantees of ensuring human rights and freedoms in the domestic legislation. The comparative legal analysis of domestic and foreign legislation is carried out. Analysis. The issues of law enforcement related to the means and ways of realization of human rights in criminal proceedings are studied. Each of the components of the mechanism of ensuring individual rights in criminal proceedings, which only in their totality function as a balanced mechanism, is analyzed. Accuracy, logicality, certainty of legislative prescriptions, which allow to adequately implement the legal regulation of relations, are important factors in the effectiveness of criminal procedural activity. The role of prosecutor’s supervision, departmental and judicial control in the implementation by citizens of their rights and legitimate interests in criminal proceedings is revealed. Results. Problems in the legal regulation of criminal procedural legal relations and the potential risk of violation of human rights, indicate the need for further improvement of the prescriptions of the CPC of the RF, the practice of their application, which must necessarily be associated with the creation of additional mechanisms aimed at ensuring the constitutional rights and legitimate interests of participants in the process.

NORMATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE MARKET CRYPTOCURRENCY AND ACTIVITIES OF CRYPTO EXCHANGE IN UKRAINE AND WORLDWIDE

Purpose. The aim of the article is the determination of the normative and legal regulation of the cryptocurrency market, operations with cryptocurrencies; study of the main draft laws on the regulation of legal relations related to such assets; analysis of the activity of crypto exchanges in Ukraine and the world, prospects and possibilities of state control over trading operations as well as financial operations; studying the peculiarities of legal regulation and approaches to cryptocurrency. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the article is an ordered system of general scientific methods of cognition, scientific deduction and induction, a method of comparison, abstraction and synthesis. Along with this, general scientific methods of research and special methods of scientific and legal knowledge were used in the article: descriptive and analytical, creative and critical, economic analysis. Analytical and synthetic, comparative and legal, hermeneutic, imitative and prognostic, phraseological methodological approaches are applied. This made it possible to find out the possibilities and legality of using virtual assets in entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine and the world; to analyse and compare the content of norms of international acts and norms that reflect the specifics of the legislative regulation of relevant relations; determine the prospects for legal regulation of the use of virtual assets; formulate conclusions, recommendations and suggestions. Findings. The development of the cryptocurrency market was considered. The essence of the main concepts and compliance with the rules in the field of normative and legal regulation of the cryptocurrency market and the activities of crypto exchanges in Ukraine and the world were studied. Features of the unification and consolidation of the legal regulation of crypto exchanges at the national and international levels are revealed. Ways of implementing regulatory and legal mechanisms for the stimulation and development of the cryptocurrency system in Ukraine at the current stage of economic development are proposed. Originality. An analysis of the legislation of Ukraine was conducted and the experience of foreign countries in the field of legal control over trading operations with cryptocurrencies and activities of crypto exchanges was substantiated for implementation in domestic practice. It is proposed to finalize the legislative framework for the regulation of the cryptocurrency market and the activity of crypto exchanges in Ukraine. Practical value. The results of the conducted research can become the basis for further scientific investigations regarding the normative and legal regulation and use of cryptocurrencies, the functioning of crypto exchanges in Ukraine for the harmonization and unification of legal norms at the national and international levels. Key words: cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency market regulation, virtual asset, digital economy, virtual assets, digital assets, civil rights object, money, means of payment, cryptocurrency, crypto market, law, bill, adaptation, financial circulation.

Reichweite und Grenzen der völkerrechtskonformen Interpretation in Österreich

According to case law and doctrine, there is a principle of interpreting domestic law in con-formity with international law in Austrian law. This principle follows in particular from Ar-ticle 9 para. 1 of the Austrian Federal Constitutional Law and aims at preventing violations of international law as far as possible. All international law that has become binding for Aus-tria by way of Articles 9 and 50 of the Federal Constitutional Law can serve as a standard of interpretation in conformity with international law, regardless of whether it is directly appli-cable. Inversely, all domestic law must be interpreted in conformity with international law. This obligation is independent of the domestic law’s rank in the hierarchical structure and thus also includes constitutional law. The legal control of the principle of interpretation in conformity with international law is proceduralised. This means that those who apply the law have procedural obligations to take the relevant international into consideration and to pro-vide reasons for their respective decisions.

Specifičnosti tužbe za poništaj odluka odbora za žalbe decentralizovanih agencija EU

There are ten EU decentralised agencies empowered to take decisions that are intended to produce legal effect vis-à-vis private persons in the context of regulating the internal market. In order to ensure effective protection of the rights of private persons against these agencies, EU law establishes mechanisms of internal and external legal control of their decisions. Internal control is achieved through the mechanism of administrative appeals before the Boards of Appeal (BoAs) established within each of the agencies. The BoA's decision on the appeal is final and legally binding on the parties to the appeal proceedings. It is therefore the subject matter of an action for annulment before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which ensures external control of the agency decisions. The action for annulment of the BoA's decision is subject to the same rules that apply to the annulment of any act of EU law intended to produce legal effects vis-à-vis third parties, but there are certain peculiarities in the context of the judicial review of the agency decisions. These peculiarities exist in four aspects of the action for annulment, namely: 1) the jurisdiction of the CJEU; 2) the grounds for annulment - the scope and intensity of the review performed by the BoA; 3) the effects of the first-instance judgment - alteration of the BoA's decision in some agencies; and 4) the appeal against the first instance judgment - filtering mechanism under Art. 58a of the CJEU Statute. These peculiarities are the subject of this paper.