Legal Action Research Articles

The position of the PPAT Deed in its function as a means of evidence and its registration contains juridical defects

Sale and purchase is an agreement that is made by an authentic deed made by a Land Deed Official (PPAT) which has perfect evidentiary power As an authentic deed, a PPAT deed must fulfil the procedures for making a PPAT deed as prescribed by law and other regulations. Making a PPAT deed must be made by an authorised official, namely a PPAT, because a PPAT deed made before a PPAT has a function as evidence and also as a condition for registration by a PPAT. The purpose of the research is to find out how the position of a PPAT deed made before a PPAT has evidentiary power as evidence for the parties and becomes a condition of registration of the deed if it contains juridical defects. The author conducts research with normative juridical research methods, descriptive analytical research typology, and qualitative data analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that the PPAT deed has two functions, namely as evidence of certain legal acts regarding land rights and as a registration tool for changes in land registration data. When there is a transfer of land rights, the function of the PPAT deed as a registration tool is completed and leaves the PPAT deed as evidence of legal acts. The function of the PPAT deed is that it must be a requirement so that the transfer of land rights can be registered at the land office in accordance with the regulations regarding land registration and the implications of the juridical defects of the PPAT deed in the Decision result in the legal actions carried out, namely the sale and purchase, having no legal effect, the Sale and Purchase Deed is considered never to have been born even though it has been registered before, it has implications for the land office which requires to restore land rights. because it was previously registered by the land office to return to what it was before the Sale and Purchase Deed was born.

Legal Protection for Debtors in the Execution of Fiduciary Objects in Indonesia

In financing agreements, the phenomenon of debtors defaulting is very possible or occurs, so this causes creditors to take steps such as parate execution by using coercive debt collector services. This is justified because it is under the legal umbrella of the Fiduciary Guarantee Law. After the judicial review of Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019, the execution parate was abolished and the execution of fiduciary guarantee objects must be carried out by submitting a request for execution to the head of the district court, but in the case of Decision Number 157/Pdt.G/2021/Pn Skt, the judge actually rejected the plaintiff's petitum as a debtor who argued that the execution parate by the defendant (creditor) was an unlawful act. The formulation of the problem in this research is how to analyze the judge's legal considerations in determining whether the execution of fiduciary guarantees is valid in Decision Number 157/Pdt.G/2021/Pn Skt? And how is legal protection for debtors related to Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019? This research is included in the type of normative juridical research with a statutory approach. The purpose of this research is to determine the analysis of the judge's legal considerations in determining the validity of the execution of fiduciary guarantees in Decision Number 157/Pdt.G/2021/Pn Skt and to determine the legal protection for debtors in connection with Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019. The theoretical benefit of this research is a contribution to legal science, while the theoretical benefit is aimed at legal practitioners. The results of this research are that the plaintiff is not a party who voluntarily surrenders the object of the fiduciary guarantee and is not a party bound by an agreement to determine default, so the judge was wrong in rejecting the plaintiff's petitum which argued that the defendant was valid in the execution parate, and legal protection for the debtor was linked to Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 is contained in Article 23 paragraph (2) and the plaintiff can take legal action to appeal solely to seek correction of the results of a decision that is considered wrong.

The logic as an element of legal considerations and its application in the process of drawing up legal documents

The article analyses logic as an element of legal reasoning and its application in the process of drafting legal documents. Mastering the art of drafting legal documents is an invaluable skill in the professional legal activity of representatives of various legal professions, which can ensure their comprehensibility and clarity, and accordingly, the proper protection of rights. An integral part of this skill is logic as an element of legal reasoning, the correctness of its application. Representatives of various legal professions, whose work is related to legal norms and the drafting of legal documents, refer to elementary rules of logic. Legal reasoning related to the interpretation of normative legal acts and their application to cases, during the evaluation of evidence and making final decisions, which are reflected in legal documentation, is an important means of achieving the rule of law. Due to the special legal thinking, lawyers get the ability to consider any thing from a concrete and not an abstract point of view. Every successful lawyer must be well versed in the laws of formal and informal logic, the rules of operating concepts, judgments, and inferences. Logic is the science of how we should reason if our goal is to discover truth. Neglecting the laws of formal logic in the process of drafting legal documents (identity, contradiction, excluded third party and sufficient grounds) leads to errors. The lack of necessary skills can manifest itself in the composition of the text of legal documents in the form of errors, which, in turn, can cause serious consequences in the form of violations of human rights and freedoms and, as a result, the principle of the rule of law. Knowledge of formal and informal logic, the peculiarities of its application, will contribute to the development of the skills of correct and effective legal reasoning, which will master the art of drafting legal documents – an invaluable skill in the professional legal activity of representatives of various legal professions, which is the unconditional foundation of the observance of human rights and freedoms in our state, as well as implementation of the rule of law principle.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE PADA ARTIKEL TERINDEKS SINTA

Basically, maximizing profits is the company's main goal. Tax avoidance is one way to maximize profits. Tax avoidance is a legal action that takes advantage of loopholes in the law so that companies can pay small amounts of tax. This research aims to analyze and review previous research regarding the relationship between profitability and leverage on tax avoidance. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach to strengthen arguments with information collected in articles published in the national journal SINTA with a sample of 25 articles. The results of this study prove that profitability and leverage have no effect on tax avoidance

A Critical Analysis of the UAE Federal Decree-Law No.: (38) of 2021 on the Protection of Copyrights and Neighboring Rights

Recently, by virtue of Federal Decree-Law No.: (38) of 2021, the United Arab Emirates has passed a new legislation for the protection of copyrights and neighboring rights; a legislation that is meant to replace the prior Copyrights and Neighboring Rights Law No.: (7) of 2002. In this regard, this new Decree-Law is consisted of Fifty-Three (53) Articles; hence, it is somewhat similar to the prior law, except for the addition of some new amendments for certain details as mentioned herein in this paper (e.g. Smart Applications are added to the list of Digital Works).For instance, pursuant to this new Decree-Law, it is now impermissible for the author to request cessation of the circulation of his digital works; and that is as an exception to his moral right to withdraw his work from circulation after its publication. In addition, this new Decree-Law has granted people with special needs the right to alter the published work, without prior permission of the author or his successor, so that those people may be capable of using those works in a way that is suitable to their conditions. Furthermore, the new Decree-Law has permitted the formation of a Grievances Committee at the Ministry of Economy, presided by a competent judge; and that is in order to hear all appeals submitted against decrees of the Ministry of Economy, concerning the rejection of works registration, the rejection of works' transcription or translation for scientific purposes, or any other decrees issued by the ministry concerning copyrights and neighboring rights. In this sense, the executive regulation of this new Decree-Law has been issued under No.: (47) of 2022, including Twenty (20) Articles, duly covering the following aspects and procedures: a) the regulation of works' collective management; b) the stated procedures for works registration; c) the legal actions concerning the financial rights of works; d) the stated procedures of mandatory licensing from the Ministry of Economy for the works' transcription or translation for scientific purposes; and e) the stated procedures of appeal against decrees of the Ministry of Economy before the Grievances Committee. The object of research is to critically examine the similarity between the Federal Decree-Law No.: (38) of 2021 on the Copyrights and Neighboring Rights and the previous Law No.: (7) of 2002 on the Copyrights and Neighboring Rights, and to identify the new changes brought by the new legislation. The study reveals that the new law limits the right of the author, granted certain rights to the people with special needs, and provision for formation of the Grievance Committee. The study recommends for the unification of all legislations that relate to intellectual property, and create a separate provision for each type of intellectual property.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLIGENCE AND LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL REALITY: RISKS AND VALUES

Background. The work examines the phenomenon of intelligence from the point of view of its functioning within the framework of university legal education and in conditions of imbalance of social structures, as well as the formation and functioning of modern risks. Materials and methods. The leading hypothesis of the work is that intelligence as a syncretic subjective-personal quality allows one to transmit the values of the legal profession in the educational process of educational organizations of higher education, which allows one to carry out legal activities in practice in a high-quality and morally oriented manner. The study is based on a risk-oriented approach, systemic, axiological and functional analyses. Discussions. Information, digital and global network processes occurring in modern society objectify unprecedented challenges and threats to humanity, lead to the erosion of traditional values, their replacement by utilitarian interests and the multiculturalization of public consciousness. Legal education as a phenomenon, process and result is designed to provide the public, private and public sectors with specialists in the field of law who are the pillar of law and order, create a comfortable and equal operating environment, talentedly implement law-making functions and protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens. Digitalization and informatization, as well as trends in imposing the needs and interests of the global «consumer society», have not bypassed the legal profession, which also affects the content of legal education. Results. In such conditions, intelligence as an active phenomenon acts as an intellectual-emotional and value-semantic quality that can unite the educational process, consolidate disparate social subjects, support the transmission of good social aspirations, and also orient legal education towards creative, humanistic, intellectual and active ones. and social-constructive functions. The formation and development of intelligence within the framework of legal education allows us to form a domestic legal tradition and resist global ideological and legal expansion on the part of globalists and supporters of the «consumer society». The intelligentsia, as a purely domestic cultural phenomenon, acts as a social group and authority that is capable and ready to take responsibility for the value-semantic development of society and the preservation of traditional Russian values.

Mencegah Kenakalan Remaja dan Narkotika Melalui Penyuluhan Hukum bagi Siswa- Siswi Remaja SMKN 6 Kecamatan Kasemen Kota Serang

Juvenile delinquency and the dangers of narcotics among secondary school children are social phenomena that must be immediately addressed together. Juvenile delinquency that often occurs nowadays seems to have lost its indication of delinquency and has led to criminal acts that can endanger the safety and comfort of people's lives. In this regard, the Bina Bangsa University PkM team has a program for implementing community service to provide solutions to the problem of juvenile delinquency and narcotics in the Kasemen District area which is rampant and never resolved. This service program takes the form of legal counseling to prevent and combat juvenile delinquency and narcotics abuse. Thus, there are several stages that constitute the method of implementing community service, namely, the observation stage, the preparation stage, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage. The results of these legal counseling activities are that the PkM Program at Bina Bangsa University has had a positive impact and significant results on the legal awareness of teenagers in Kasemen District, especially students at SMKN 6 Serang City. Providing counseling about literacy and the dangers of narcotics provides benefits, insight and experience. new for partners to fight the influence of narcotics, providing education regarding the indications and losses of juvenile delinquency, providing legal awareness for partners not to engage in deviant juvenile delinquent behavior. PkM activities, which take the form of legal counseling to educate Kasemen teenagers so they can fight the influence of narcotics and juvenile delinquency, can minimize crucial legal problems in the Kasemen District which are rampant.

Pengaruh Leverage, Profitability, Sales Growth, Age, Size dan Institutional Ownership terhadap Tax Avoidance

Tax Avoidance is defined as a legal activity (efforts made by taxpayers to minimize the tax burden).The objective of this research is to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of Leverage, Profitability, Sales Growth, Size, Age and Institutional Ownership (variable X) on Tax Avoidance (variabel Y) with the object of research on manufakturing companies listed on the indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 – 2021 years.The population in this study was obtained using sampling technique with purposive sampling method where this study amounted to 195 company data. The results of this study explain that Sales Growth, Age, Size, and Institutional Ownership have no effect on Tax Avoidance. While Leverage positif effect and Profitability Negative effect on Tax Avoidance.

Prevalence and Impacts of Body Shaming on Social Media among University Students in Bangladesh

Body shaming is a social disease that has spread to different segments of society. It has been constantly growing in the hands of the media, especially social media and the commercial world. Objective: The objectives of the study are to examine the prevalence and impacts of social media on body shaming faced by university students in Bangladesh. Methodology: This study followed the quantitative research methodology to conduct the research. It was from 08 June 2024 to 14 June 2024, when the researcher collected the data through an online survey consisting of 35 questions. A total of 477 students participated in the study; the target population was formed with part of the students at Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur. Results: The study found that 66.45% of the students were faced with body shaming, and 42.76% of these happened through social media. Female students reported a higher prevalence of body shaming (37.11%) than that of male students (29.14%), with an odds ratio of 1.493, indicating that females were almost 1.5 times more likely to experience body shaming. Most of the students were body shamed for their body shape and weight. Students perceive that bullying tendency, lack of understanding, jealousy, and low self-confidence are the major causes of body shaming. According to the research, the impacts of body shaming are multifaceted in most of the students; with issues such as emotional distress (47.59%), body anxiety or dissatisfaction (40.25%), depression and inferiority (39.62%) coming up as a high rate of result. Alarmingly, 10.27% of students reported noticing suicidal tendencies in themselves due to body shaming. Female students generally reported higher rates of negative impacts compared to male students across most categories. Conclusion: There is an urgent requirement for awareness campaigns and legal actions to be taken against body shaming on social media. Educational institutions should also implement awareness programs for the younger generation to make them aware of the negative consequences of body shaming.

Edukasi Sadar Hukum Mengenai Bahaya Judi Online dan Pinjaman Online Ilegal di Kalangan Remaja di SMK Pariwisata Anyer

This research aims to provide education about legal awareness at the Anyer Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) in an effort to prevent the practice of online gambling and illegal online loans among teenagers, as well as to understand the legal impacts that teenagers involved in these activities may face. Through legal education activities regarding online gambling, this is one form of effort to provide education to students at Anyer Tourism Vocational School. In this community service, the author uses methods of presentation and discussion regarding the prevention and handling of online gambling and illegal online loans. The specific target of this service is that the students of Anyer Tourism Vocational School can be well educated regarding understanding, understanding, legal basis and efforts to prevent and overcome cases of online gambling and the risks of making illegal online loans. The main aim of holding this activity is to make students aware of the dangers of online gambling and that illegal loans are very vulnerable to risk. The risk of online gambling addiction is that students will not focus on their lives and if the perpetrator does not have the money to play online gambling, the result is that online gambling players will look for illegal loans to be able to continue playing online gambling.

MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN TENTANG ASPEK HUKUM PERKAWINAN CAMPURAN BEDA KEWARGANEGARAAN: BERDASARKAN HUKUM INDONESIA DAN JEPANG

Mixed marriages between spouses of different nationalities present a number of legal issues. As mixed marriages involve two different legal systems, it is important to understand which system applies. This understanding is important for the diaspora of Indonesians in Japan, given that the number of Indonesian citizens in Japan continues to increase, according to data from the Japanese Ministry of Home Affairs and Communications. This situation increases the potential for mixed marriages between Indonesian and Japanese citizens. This community service activity aims to provide legal insight on how to determine the applicable law and the conditions for mixed marriages. The method employed in this legal counselling is descriptive. Answers to questions asked are based on legislation and principles of private international law. Legal counselling on the legal aspects of mixed marriages for the Indonesian diaspora community in Japan can be said to be effective and appropriate. The participants indicated that there had been no previous legal counselling on the subject of mixed marriages, particularly in the context of comparing Indonesian and Japanese laws. They expressed hope that further legal counselling activities could be conducted via Zoom facilities on other legal issues.

Legal Protection for Debtors in Online Transactions: Evaluating Safeguards in E-Commerce

This study aims to examine the legal protection afforded to consumers in electronic commerce transactions. Consumer protection is crucial for ensuring legal certainty in online transactions. The research adopts a normative legal research approach to assess the effectiveness of the protection provisions outlined in Law No. 19/2016. The study identifies two primary concepts of legal protection in the context of electronic transactions: preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection encompasses measures designed to prevent potential harm to consumers before transactions occur. In contrast, repressive legal protection involves legal actions taken to address and resolve disputes arising from violations in electronic transactions. The findings indicate that these two concepts of legal protection are complementary in creating a secure and fair environment for electronic commerce. Preventive legal protection aims to provide consumers with a sense of security by ensuring that service and product providers adhere to established standards before transactions take place. On the other hand, repressive legal protection ensures that consumers have mechanisms to seek justice if violations or damages occur post-transaction. This research offers insights into the current regulatory effectiveness and underscores the need to strengthen legal protection mechanisms to address challenges emerging from technological advancements. It highlights that in the rapidly evolving digital era, regulations and legal protections must swiftly adapt to new forms of electronic commerce. Strengthening legal protections will not only enhance consumer trust but also promote healthier and more sustainable growth in the digital economy.

Forensic Investigation, Challenges, and Issues of Cloud Data: A Systematic Literature Review

Cloud computing technology delivers services, resources, and computer systems over the internet, enabling the easy modification of resources. Each field has its challenges, and the challenges of data transfer in the cloud pose unique obstacles for forensic analysts, making it necessary for them to investigate and adjust the evolving landscape of cloud computing. This is where cloud forensics emerges as a critical component. Cloud forensics, a specialized field within digital forensics, focuses on uncovering evidence of exploitation, conducting thorough investigations, and presenting findings to law enforcement for legal action against perpetrators. This paper examines the primary challenges encountered in cloud forensics, reviews the relevant literature, and analyzes the strategies implemented to address these obstacles.

The land development plan as a legal act and administrative instrument for planning and managing the development of the municipality. A legal, political and socio-economic study

The paper deals with the subject of the spatial development plan as a key instrument for managing the development of a municipality. The essence of the spatial planning process is presented, as well as the applicable legal rules and procedures for the creation of this document, together with a description of the competences of the various authorities and public institutions in the spatial planning process. It also presents a statistical view of the functioning of plans throughout the country. Particular attention was paid to the negative consequences of the lack of use of this instrument in the context of the development processes of territorial units. The analysis presented includes a legal analysis of planning processes, taking into account administrative proceedings, planning annuities and local development processes. The arguments presented above proving the extremely important role of spatial planning processes in improving the quality of life of local communities should be reflected in the number of communes in which such plans are in force, and more precisely, it is to indicate the area of the entire country covered by the adopted local plans.

Effect of Gender-Sensitive Training on Police Response to Domestic Violence in Colombia

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of gender-sensitive training on police response to domestic violence in Colombia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study on the effect of gender-sensitive training on police response to domestic violence in Colombia found that such training significantly improved police officers' attitudes and responses towards domestic violence cases. Officers who underwent gender-sensitive training demonstrated enhanced empathy, understanding, and commitment to addressing domestic violence more effectively. The training led to a marked increase in the quality of police interventions, including better handling of sensitive situations and more appropriate legal actions. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Feminist theory, social learning theory & organizational change theory may be used to anchor future studies on effect of gender-sensitive training on police response to domestic violence in Colombia. Implement regular refresher courses to reinforce the principles of gender-sensitive training. Make gender-sensitive training a mandatory component of police education and professional development. Policies should ensure that all police officers, regardless of their rank or role, receive this essential training to create a uniform standard of response to domestic violence.

Legal regulation of Fintech in the Kingdom of Belgium

Fintech technologies have achieved great success in expanding access to payment services in some countries of the world. They are used by major digital platforms to fill gaps in the traditional payment system. More and more companies around the world are embracing Fintech and moving to the latest technologies that can lead to significant efficiency gains in the financial sector, including payments, financing, investments, asset management and insurance. However, they can also pose risks to the stability and integrity of the financial system, especially when they operate outside the scope of financial regulation and supervision. Every country in the world is unique, each country has its own legislation and its own approach to legal regulation of Fintech. Currently, there is no single legal act in the world that would regulate Fintech in absolutely all countries. Just as there is no single tax code in the world, there cannot be a single regulatory act regulating Fintech, because each country has its own legislation, traditions, culture, etc., so the approach to Fintech in each country is individual. The article analyzes the experience of legal regulation of the Fintech market in the European Union and examines in depth the experience of the Kingdom of Belgium. The Fintech legal regulation of the Kingdom of Belgium is based on EU directives, regulations, resolutions and other legal acts, which are the basis of Belgian law. Belgian fintech legislation is adapted to the norms of the European Union and defines the “rules of the game” for Fintech services in Belgium, allowing Belgian authorities to carry out financial regulation, supervision, control over Fintech platforms for their compliance with relevant laws, regulations, standards, which enable government agencies to fight cybercrime, money laundering, bring perpetrators to justice, and provide Fintech platforms with corporate transparency, integrity, and consumers with protection from cybercrime, fraud, and other crimes.

Environmental and legal aspects of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine

The article examines the environmental and legal aspects of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The problems of bringing the aggressor state to responsibility for ecocide are analyzed. Having found a legislative enshrinement in the national criminal law (Article 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), ecocide has not been enshrined in international criminal law. It is not recognized as a crime either in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court or in any other international legal act. As of today, Russian crimes against the environment can be investigated by the International Criminal Court as war crimes. The author of the article supports the proposal regarding the need to include the crime of ecocide in the Rome Statute. The ecological and legal aspect of the formation of an international compensation mechanism is studied, the components of which are: 1) an international register of damages; 2) compensation commission (which will consider individual applications for compensation by the Russian Federation for losses from citizens, companies and the state); 3) compensation fund (which will accumulate funds to pay commission decisions, including at the expense of confiscated Russian assets). The mechanism of compensation for environmental damage caused as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is analyzed, and ways of its optimization are proposed. The future compensation mechanism should be based on the «ecosystem services approach», which will significantly increase the amount of environmental damage that the Russian Federation will pay to Ukraine. The international practice of compensation for environmental damage caused by the aggressor as a result of military actions and temporary occupation was studied and analyzed. The author emphasized the need to reform the state environmental monitoring system. Without reliable monitoring data, it is difficult to prove a causal relationship between the illegal actions of the aggressor state and the damage caused to the environment.

Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Islam Terhadap Penambangan Pasir Ilegal Untuk Bahan Pembangunan Proyek Di Pasaman Barat

The sand mining activities taking place in West Pasaman, specifically in the Paku River area, Kinali Nagari, Kinali District, are unauthorized or illegal mining activities carried out by several parties. The consequences of this mining have led to environmental damage, prompting local residents to report the matter to the West Pasaman District Police for legal action. This study aims to examine Islamic criminal law related to illegal sand mining used for construction projects in West Pasaman. The method used in this research is empirical juridical research using primary and secondary data. Factors that contribute to illegal sand mining in the Paku River area, Kinali Nagari, Kinali District, West Pasaman Regency include economic needs, demand for building materials, lack of supervision and legal socialization on mining, and the difficulty of obtaining people's mining licenses (IPR) or special mining business permits (IUPK). The results of the study show that illegal mining is regulated under Law No. 3 of 2020, specifically in Articles 158 to 164. Unauthorized sand mining is regulated in Articles 158 to 164 of Law No. 4 of 2009. From the perspective of Islamic criminal law, illegal sand mining that causes environmental damage is considered a prohibited act (jarimah), as explained in Surah Al-Baqarah 205, which emphasizes that humans have a responsibility to manage and utilize natural resources wisely to achieve prosperity and to protect the environment in all contexts.

The Validity of Land Sale and Purchase in Depok City: A Case Study of the District Court Decision No. 87/Pdt.G/2018/Pn.Dpk

**The Sale and Purchase of Land According to Customary Law** refers to the transfer of rights, characterized by being *cash*, *real*, and *clear*. However, in practice, there are still instances where land sales do not fulfill the requirement of *clarity*, as in the case of District Court Decision No. 87/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Dpk. In this case, the land sale conducted between Agus Ariyanto and Sunaryo was not formalized through a deed before a Land Deed Official (PPAT), but was only evidenced by a receipt and a statement of sale and purchase. The issues raised are whether the land sale based only on a receipt constitutes a valid legal act, and whether the legal considerations and decision of the judge in case No. 87/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Dpk regarding the land sale, supported only by a receipt, align with Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. This research is a type of normative legal research and descriptive in nature. The data used are secondary data supported by primary data and analyzed qualitatively. The method of conclusion in this study employs deductive logic. Based on the results of the research, the sale and purchase of land between Agus Ariyanto (Buyer) and Sunaryo (Seller) can be considered valid under the provisions of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and meets the material requirements. However, the legal considerations and the judge's decision do not comply with the provisions of Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 concerning the Regulations on the Position of Land Deed Officials.

The Nature of The Role of State Attorney Prosecutors in Legal Assistance in the Civil and State Administrative Fields

Objective: This research aims to find out, analyse and discover the nature of the role of the State Attorney in legal assistance in the field of Civil and State Administration, assess the effectiveness of the role of the State Attorney in legal assistance in the field of Civil and State Administration, and identify factors that affect the effectiveness of the role of the State Attorney in legal assistance in the field of Civil and State Administration. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework used in this research combines normative legal research and sociological legal research. Normative legal research analyses regulations and laws governing the role and function of the State Attorney, while sociological legal research assesses how these regulations are applied and perceived in practice by the public and related institutions. Method: The type of research conducted is descriptive, using a mixed approach between normative and sociological legal research. Data was collected through the study of legal documents, interviews with State Attorneys, and field observations at various agencies related to the Civil and State Administrative fields. Results and Discussion: The State Attorney plays a role in representing the legal interests of the state, government, BUMN/BUMD, and the community through legal assistance, law enforcement, legal considerations, services, and other legal actions. However, its role in resolving legal disputes in the civil and state administrative fields is still less effective, both through litigation and non-litigation channels, which are influenced by the substance of the law, human resources of the apparatus, facilities and infrastructure, public legal awareness, and legal culture. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of [insert field of study]. These implications could encompass [list impacted areas or sectors]. Originality/Value: The essence of the role of the State Attorney is to represent the legal interests of the state, government, BUMN / BUMD, and the community through various forms of legal assistance and action, but the effectiveness of its role in resolving legal disputes in the fields of Civil and State Administration is still less than optimal, influenced by legal substance, human resources, facilities and infrastructure, public legal awareness, and legal culture.