Legal Accessibility Research Articles

Prawna dopuszczalność rezygnacji z wybranych dochodów własnych gmin

LEGAL ACCESSIBILITY OF GIVNIG UP SELECTED OWN INCOME OF MUNICIPALITIESLocal-governmental fees, especially those that are associated withan increase inproperty value, are and probably will continue to bean important form of a fiscal standpoint source of revenue for municipal budgets. So, current question remains at the nature charges still and entitlement of self-governed organ result from there. Hence thecontinued interest of representatives of both thescience and practiceissues are related to them.The publication raise done of the major problems associated with the assessment and collectionof fees, and for their obligatoriness. The problem is so complex that the construction standarizing these charges can be very varied, andthe legislature does not use the uniformand consistent definitions, which clearlylead to the conclusion that all revenues from the sefees are to betreated as a mandatory or their optionality may be decided by municipal body.

Research Data Management in Austria – A manageable task for Austrian research institutions?

See video of the presentation.At the start of 2015, scientific and artistic-scientific personnel of all 21 universities and three non-university research institutions in Austria were given the call to participate in an Austria-wide survey focusing on research data. The survey was conducted within the framework of the e-Infrastructures Austria (www.e-infrastructures.at) project funded by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economics (BMWFW) and facilitates the evaluation of the actual, practical handling of digital data.The participants were asked about the following topics: data types and formats, data archiving, backup and loss, ethical and legal aspects, accessibility and reuse as well as infrastructure and services. The findings form the basis for a consecutive optimization of the e-infrastructure and services available in this area in accordance with the needs they have expressed.Solid research data management is the foundation for cooperative, open research and thus for their comprehensibility and verifiability. The issue is equally relevant and up-to-date for researchers, funding bodies and senior posts of scientific institutions, which is currently being demonstrated by the pilot for research data from the European Commission.The lecture provides insight into the planning, implementation and evaluation of this ambitious undertaking and presents the main results that will have an impact at national level. For the first time, the status quo of domestic data management is being presented in a manner that represents all disciplines. Organizational, structural and strategic measures for the development of e-infrastructures for individual institutions can then be derived using this data. In addition, it is possible through the co-ordinated, Austria-wide approach to identify common areas of responsibility and to establish central services.

ФАКТОР РОЗВИТКУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ МОРСЬКИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ СИСТЕМ НА СТАДІЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Formation of modern maritime transport industry is stipulated by the transformation processes in the system of international division of labor. The dynamism of this process is one of the most important factors in the development of maritime transport capacity. In this connection, the character of the balance of value of the potential traffic and carrying capacity of the fleet changes significantly. At the same time the role of certain maritime countries in ensuring of the stability of the transport service of foreign trade relations changes too. Factor of functional legal accessibility to transport ensuring of operators of foreign economic relation is marked out. At the same time, the role of the factor of asymmetry of market development of maritime trade and the need to implement the principle of stability of individual national subsystems is increasing. Therefore, the article considers the basic features of necessary reaction to a set of changes in the global maritime transport industry.

Summary of the Legal and Policy Landscape Surrounding Accessibility and 911

This white paper summarizes the current landscape of federal, state, and local regulations as they relate to provisioning 911 emergency service for deaf, hard of hearing, and speech disabled communities in Colorado. This document also looks ahead to those regulations that are currently under consideration at the federal, state, and local levels that may affect 911 accessibility.Our research was conducted at the request of the Colorado Public Utility Commission’s 911 Task Force. Next-generation 911 (NG911) applications such as text-to-911 (TT911), are especially important to people who are deaf, hard of hearing, and speech disabled, who may not be able to directly access emergency services through traditional means. In addition, NG911 access will benefit all members of a community by offering additional means of access during emergencies when calling may not be feasible or safe. Much of the focus of this paper reflects the current state of technology used, with TT911 at the forefront of NG911 technologies being implemented. It is important to note that TT911 and other NG911 applications currently being considered at the federal, state, and local levels may not directly serve the Deaf/Blind community or even all members of the deaf and hard of hearing communities. Further research is necessary to determine how TT911 may resolve the emergency access problems facing these communities, and how or whether other NG911 technologies such as video or multi-mode communications may better address the accessibility of emergency services.In Colorado, the decision to upgrade to NG911 rests largely with individual public-safety answering points (PSAPs). The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has authority over wireless carriers, but almost none over PSAPs. The Department of Justice (DOJ) has issued PSAP requirements for ensuring 911 accessibility for all users, but has not taken action on that issue in more than four years. Several Colorado counties have implemented TT911 already, but many more have not due to budget or logistical reasons.The paper concludes by exploring several case studies of TT911 implementation in other states, including states with total TT911 across the state.

The effects of marijuana exposure on expiratory airflow. A study of adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Study.

Given the inconclusive science on the long-term effects of marijuana exposure on lung function, the increasing tetrahydrocannabinol composition of marijuana over time, and the increasing legal accessibility of the substance, continued investigation is needed. To determine the independent association between recent and chronic marijuana smoke exposure with spirometric parameters of lung function and symptoms of respiratory health in a large cohort of U.S. adults. This is a cross-sectional study of U.S. adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles from 2007-2008 and 2009-2010, using the data from standardized spirometry and survey questions performed during these years. In the combined 2007-2010 cohort, 59.1% replied that they had used marijuana at least once, and 12.2% had used in the past month. For each additional day of marijuana use in the prior month, there were no changes in percent predicted FEV1 (0.002 ± 0.04%; P = 0.9), but there was an associated increase in percent predicted FVC (0.13 ± 0.03%, P = 0.0001) and decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio (-0.1 ± 0.04%; P < 0.0001). In multivariable regressions, 1-5 and 6-20 joint-years of marijuana use were not associated with an FEV1/FVC less than 70% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7-1.6, P = 0.8, and OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8-1.8, P = 0.4, respectively), whereas over 20 joint-years was associated with an FEV1/FVC less than 70% (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1-3.9; P = 0.02). For each additional marijuana joint-year smoked, there was no associated change in the mean percent predicted FEV1 (0.02 ± 0.02%; P = 1.00), an increase in percent predicted FVC (0.07 ± 0.02%; P = 0.004), and a decrease in FEV1/FVC (-0.03 ± 0.01%; P = 0.02). In a large cross-section of U.S. adults, cumulative lifetime marijuana use, up to 20 joint-years, is not associated with adverse changes in spirometric measures of lung health. Although greater than 20 joint-years of cumulative marijuana exposure was associated with a twofold increased odds of a FEV1/FVC less than 70%, this was the result of an increase in FVC, rather than a disproportional decrease in FEV1 as is typically associated with obstructive lung diseases.

Geometria e acessibilidade: uma experiência com Alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental

This paper will present an educational activity developed in two classes in the ninth year of Pedro Ivo Campos Elementary School located in the city of Joinville/SC involving geometry content with a focus on accessibility in schools. The activity was developed through the project "Inclusive Transit at School" where the mathematical content was introduced using the project methodology at the school where the students were initially made aware of the topic of accessibility and then asked to build scale models of the school providing ramps for disabled people according to legal accessibility standards.

'Ego-dystonicity' in homosexuality: An Indian perspective.

Homosexual persons are targets of verbal and physical abuse, discrimination and face legal disadvantages in many countries, including India. These external factors could play a role in determining discomfort with their sexuality. We ascertained the association between ego-dystonicity of sexual orientation and indices of perceived acceptance, stigma and awareness of possible normative lifestyles. Fifty-one self-identified adult homosexual men were assessed using online questionnaires that covered information including their socio-demographic details; a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) that measured their degree of discomfort with their sexuality; Reactions to Homosexuality Scale, Perceived Acceptance Scale, Modified China Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) Stigma scale; and trait version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. The participants were also asked to provide a written narrative of their experiences which influenced their comfort with their sexuality. Discomfort with sexuality significantly correlated with education, acceptance by friends and family, legal disadvantages, awareness and accessibility to non-heteronormative lifestyles and support systems and trait affect. Only acceptance by friends and awareness showed significance on linear regression. Qualitative analyses revealed external attributions for discomfort. Modifying external factors, reducing legal restrictions and improving societal acceptance and support systems could reduce 'ego-dystonicity'. 'Ego-dystonicity' as a determinant for psychiatric classification and intervention needs to be reexamined.

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Abstract Technology Understand how assistive technology can help students with learning disabilities Know what tools can help students who struggle with organization Collaboration Create awareness of your unit among adult learners through instructors Support adult students with disabilities by understanding, addressing their unique struggles A Brief Conversation with … Elizabeth G. Harrison Work with faculty development unit to advocate for accessible course design Of Counsel Address students with disabilities' dangerous behavior but avoid common mistakes Managing Your Office Small daily changes can add up to big professional growth Etc. Proposed bill would provide institutions greater flexibility in notifying parents of students' troubling behavior BEYOND ACCOMMODATION Keep open mind when evaluating therapy animals requests Legal Roundup ACCESSIBILITY Inspection reveals accessibility issues at World Music Festival DISCRIMINATION Voluntary withdrawal from law school resolves student's disability complaint POLICIES &amp; PROCEDURES Interactive process doesn't always follow written policy ACCOMMDOATION University agrees to resolve student‐teacher's complaint Seizure‐alert dog can attend school with student FERPA Student complains after disability is revealed to class, grievance panel DISCRIMINATION Athlete with dyslexia says coach, AD caused her emotional distress Punishment for content deletion doesn't include suit dismissal PERSONNEL Accommodations do not have to satisfy professor's preferences QUICK STUDY

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Abstract Cover Story Inaccessible classroom seating often leads to ‘table wars’ Learn how to best provide accessible classroom seating Use these tips to ensure equal access to classroom seating A Brief Conversation with … Cheryl Muller/Alberto Guzman Avoid disability simulations in favor of more meaningful awareness‐raising activities Of Counsel Mixed signals on documentation for emotional support animals make considering such requests difficult Orientation Take cues about orientations from institutions across country Get the word out to ensure participation in orientations for students with disabilities Collaboration Work with Student Affairs to promote universal design Use these tips to encourage universal design Managing Your Office Improve understanding of your unit's policies with Information Mapping® Etc. Institution reaches settlement in technology lawsuit UNIVERSAL DESIGN Quick tips for creating accessibility for all Simple teaching strategies can help student with ADHD BEYOND ACCOMMODATION Make time to self‐assess disability services to ensure your unit is running smoothly Legal Roundup ACCESSIBILITY University agrees to implement accessibility plan ACCOMMODATION OCR faults college's handling of academic requirement in volunteer practicum Failure to accommodate student results in obligations for university GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES OCR finds fault with delay in addressing grievance ACCESSIBILITY Football stadium passes ADA muster under ‘program accessibility’ standard DISMISSAL Restraining order gives student a chance to stay in RN program DISCRIMINATION Failure to show impairment dooms former student's claim PERSONNEL Alcoholic employee failed to show discrimination under Title II QUICK STUDY

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Abstract Cover Story Program for students with severe disabilities offers accessibility, support services Accessible dorms anchor comprehensive program for students with severe disabilities Peer support is essential component of Beckwith program Use these tips to better serve those with severe disabilities A Brief Conversation with … Rebecca C. Cory Promote universal design by working through faculty Of Counsel Court vacates ruling allowing access to campus housing for Oakland student with intellectual disabilities Trends Change in definition of ‘autism’ in DMS would require added vigilance of autistic symptoms Collaboration Teach members of your campus community to communicate with students with disabilities Managing Your Office Effective mentoring relationships require a 2‐way information flow Etc. Report details challenges of providing accessible learning materials UNIVERSAL DESIGN Quick tips for creating accessibility for all Appointing class note‐takers ensures equal access to notes BEYOND ACCOMMODATION Create consortium to work on common disability issues Legal Roundup ACCESSIBILITY Changes toward accessibility resolve OCR complaint DISCRIMINATION 54‐year‐old student gets debt discharged, plus official transcript POLICIES &amp; PROCEDURES New procedures, staff training address noncompliance issues ACCOMMODATION Staff training plus chance for student to retake course resolve OCR complaint DISMISSAL Failure to show that disability limited major life activity dooms case DISCRIMINATION Court rules isolated, sporadic negative comments do not constitute discrimination ACCOMMODATION Inmate's request for educational testing denied on appeal QUICK STUDY

Robberies in Chicago: A Block-Level Analysis of the Influence of Crime Generators, Crime Attractors, and Offender Anchor Points

The effects of crime generators, crime attractors, and offender anchor points on the distribution of street robberies across the nearly 25,000 census blocks of Chicago are examined. The analysis includes a wide array of activities and facilities that are expected to attract criminals and generate crime. These include a variety of legal and illegal businesses and infrastructural accessibility facilitators. In addition to these crime attractors and generators, the role of the presence of motivated offenders’ anchor points, as measured by offenders’ residence and gang activity, is assessed. The analysis also includes crime attractors, crime generators, and offender anchor points in adjacent census blocks. The findings demonstrate the strength of the effects of crime generators and attractors and offender anchor points on the frequency of street robbery at the census block level.

&lt;b&gt;Acessibilidade na agenda da inclusão social e educacional&lt;/b&gt;

O presente estudo objetiva desvelar o percurso legal das propostas de acessibilidade, buscando realizar uma reflexão dentro dos dispositivos que fundamentam o processo da Inclusão social e educacional. Desta forma, utilizou-se de estudos na área, fazendo referencia também às políticas direcionadas para a acessibilidade. Assim, este texto não almeja o esgotamento da temática, mas sim, apresentar pistas para uma discussão acerca do binômio acessibilidade-inclusão no olhar da Educação Especial. Há um resgate sobre a legislação da acessibilidade compreendendo a Lei nº 7.405 de 12 de novembro de 1985, a Lei nº 10.048 de 8 de novembro de 2000, a Lei nº 10.098 de 19 de dezembro de 2000 e o Decreto nº 5.296 de 2 de dezembro de 2004. Além disso, perpassa na discussão as idéias da atual proposta da educação inclusiva, que faz referência ao acesso de todos ao ambiente educacional. Nota-se que existem políticas consistentes quanto à acessibilidade, no entanto, no que tange ao universo escolar, as barreiras não estão restritas somente aos aspectos arquitetônicos, de comunicação ou de infra-estrutura. É preciso que se estabeleçam, também, adaptações curriculares e atitudinais, bem como um olhar acerca da formação profissional. Palavras-chave: Acessibilidade. Inclusão. Educação Especial.

An Assessment of Web Accessibility Knowledge and Needs at Oregon Community Colleges

A needs assessment determined Oregon community college staff knowledge of (a) accessible information technology (IT) guidelines, (b) IT-related disability laws, (c) legal obligations regarding Web accessibility, and (d) perceived level of current Web accessibility. Training needs were assessed and training suggestions were solicited. IT staff demonstrated higher levels of Web accessibility guidelines knowledge, and disability/student services staff best understood disability laws. At most schools, knowledge of disability issues and IT were not integrated. Needs identified included provision of: comprehensive resources about accessible Web design, hands-on trainings in accessible technology topics, strategies for fulfilling legal accessibility obligations, training for students and staff regarding their responsibilities in the area of accessible IT, and a Web site accessibility testing service.

Comparison of methods for sampling Thysanoptera on basswood ( Tilia americana L.) trees in mixed northern hardwood deciduous forests

Canopy arthropods play integral roles in the functioning, biodiversity, and productivity of forest ecosystems. Yet quantitative sampling of arboreal arthropods poses formidable challenges. We evaluated three methods of sampling the introduced basswood thrips, Thrips calcaratus Uzel (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), from the foliage of basswood canopies with respect to statistical variability and practical considerations (legal, economic and logistical accessibility). All three methods involved removal of foliage, which was performed using a pole-pruner, shotgun, and certified tree-climber. We also tested a fourth method, in which the tree-climber enclosed samples in a plastic bag to estimate losses that occur when branches fall to the ground, even though this is often not practical. The climber plus bag and pole-pruning methods obtained the highest numbers of thrips. Mean number of larval thrips did not vary significantly among the three main sampling methods. Site had a stronger effect on the number of larval thrips obtained than on the number of adults. A significant method by site interaction was observed with adults but not larvae. Significant collection date (which corresponds to thrips life stage) by site interaction was also observed. We regressed sampling methods to determine if the number of thrips obtained using one method can be used to predict the number obtained with another. Tree-climber and pole-pruner data were highly predictive of each other, but shotgun data cannot be used to estimate other methods. Pole-pruning is the most cost-effective and legally permissible technique, but is limited to trees with accessible lower branches. The shotgun method is cost-effective and useful in sampling trees at least up to 27 m, but is prohibited close to human activity. The tree-climber is effective and broadly applicable, but incurs the highest costs. This study shows the need to evaluate a variety of techniques when sampling arboreal insects with respect to predictability, pragmatics and life stages.

Regulatory policy and abortion clinics: implications for planning.

The practicalities of formulating regulatory policy associated with elective abortion often place public health officials at the center of political controversy. Resulting conflicts can inhibit a rational consideration of long-term objectives in implementing a national policy which assures legal accessibility to all who would select abortion as an alternative to term birth. Regulation which uses primarily structural criteria for monitoring and evaluating services tends to de-emphasize the importanc of contraceptive counseling as a component of abortion services. Our process/outcome evaluation of abortion clinics located in Chicago suggests that contraceptive counseling provided at the time of the abortion procedure has a potential long-term impact in terms of reducing the need for elective abortion. We suggest that regulation policy should include process and outcome criteria which support the eventual reduction in need for abortion as a long-range policy goal and suggest key issues for consideration when such a policy is formulated.