Legacy Of Past Research Articles

Legacies of an imperial past in a small nation. Patterns of postcolonialism in Belgium

ABSTRACTOblivion and recognition are equally important components in the public use of history. In dealing with their contentious past, many countries have gone through a cycle of denial, repression, recognition, debate and ways of finding a new consensus. Both forgetting and remembering played a key role in European politics of history after the Second World War and since the end of Communism. Similar patterns can be identified after colonialism came to an end. Postcolonial societies are now forced to rethink and rewrite their colonial past. In comparison with its neighbouring countries, Belgium has attracted relatively less attention in the international scholarship on the history of colonialism and postcolonialism. Belgium was a ‘latecomer’, both as former colonial empire and in opening a public and scholarly debate on this episode. The last turn of the century marked the beginning of a shift in perceptions of Belgium's colonial past. This paper addresses three cases, which exemplify the transformation from a culture of denial and neglect to a more critical narrative on the colonial era: the historiographical debate on colonialism and genocide, the Lumumba Commission and the renewal of the Royal Museum for Central Africa.

Trouble in paradise: Competing discourses and complex governance in the Romanian danube delta

In this paper, the complicated governance of the Danube Delta is discussed on the background of a thorough description of the history and evolution of this place. Sulina is taken as a case in point, as the only town of the Romanian delta and site of an extensive anthropological fieldwork (2006–2017). The paper interrogates the more or less subtle conflicts inside the community and between the local community and other actors, and their consequences for governance; it describes the legacy of the communist past as it has impacted the governance of the delta in terms of path dependence; it delineates the different, sometimes competing discourses that currently shape the fate and governance of the Delta and illustrates the elusiveness of discursive constructions of “nature” and “Delta”; finally, the paper argues for a reassessment of the role of local community and local narratives and needs for a comprehensive governance.

Putting on a show; Collecting, exhibiting and performing wayang at the Tropenmuseum from colonial times until the present

The Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam has a rich history in collecting, exhibiting, and presenting wayang performances. This paper traces this history of collection, exhibition, and performance practice of wayang at the Colonial Institute, from 1950 known as Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from colonial times until the present. It demonstrates the entanglement of colonial and postcolonial power structures, collection, and exhibition legacies of the colonial past. The paper will show that from the moment wayang puppets entered the museum’s collection there has been continuous interaction between collecting and exhibition practices and performance practices. The emphasis on tangible elements of performance practice in collection and exhibition practices contributed to a dominant and static understanding of wayang.

CSR and social conflict in the Brazilian extractive sector

ABSTRACTCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is an important means to address conflicts, support local development and build trust between businesses and civil society. Yet CSR often fails to live up to its ambitions and can even exacerbate conflicts between companies and communities. In this article we consider how changing CSR strategies over the past four decades between Brazilian company Vale to Norwegian company Hydro have fomented or mitigated company–community conflicts in Northern Brazil. We find that paternalistic and philanthropic approaches of Vale over time led to deep resentment and mistrust due to underdevelopment and environmental damages. Moreover, while Hydro’s more modern CSR strategies sought to deepen community engagement and build legitimacy, the company has struggled in addressing the legacies inherited from Vale and past and current civil society grievances. The case suggests that even forward-thinking CSR approaches are vulnerable to failure where they prioritise business risk over community engagement, neglect to account for past legacies in areas of operation, and fail to create a shared vision of future development. It suggests that EI companies should both understand and engage with their social and environmental impacts in the past, present, and future and create shared economic benefits in the short and long term in order to address social conflicts.

Trump and the legacy of a menacing past

ABSTRACTThe inability to learn from the past takes on a new meaning as a growing number of authoritarian regimes emerge across the globe. This essay argues that central to understanding the rise of a fascist politics in the United States is the necessity to address the power of language and the intersection of the social media and the public spectacle as central elements in the rise of a formative culture that produces the ideologies and agents necessary for an American-style fascism. In this project, education is central to politics, which demands understanding and critically interrogating, in particular, the role of the conservative media in suppressing history, normalizing a discourse of racial hatred, and advancing the most poisonous elements of neoliberalism. The essay calls for a comprehensive notion of politics and education that draws from history, imagines a present that does not imitate the future, and employs a language of critique and hope in the service of building a new broad-based political formation. If fascism begins with language so does the possibility of a radical social imaginary in which to envision a democratic socialist order that both challenges the menacing momentum of a fascist politics and the savagery of neoliberal capitalism.

Learning from another SBU: strategizing growth at SEE-Tech

Supplementary materials Teaching Note includes case synopsis, assignment/discussion questions, suggested readings, teaching plan, methodology, case analysis, what happened, references and data in exhibits. Learning outcomes Appreciating the role of process innovation in enabling growth; Understanding why replication is time consuming and not straight-forward; distinguishing formal and informal dimensions of coordination-mechanisms; Analyzing the differences in replication using template and principles. Case overview/synopsis Entrepreneurs desire to grow their businesses. They look for opportunities, in this case, when an opportunity came in year 2006, the entrepreneur successfully en-cashed. This lead to formation of a strategic business unit (SBU) that grew faster and also became role model. However the main SBU, for which the firm is known, continued past legacy. It is only when they found it difficult to grow, they decided to emulate. However, transition was not easy, it took much higher efforts. In the transformation, the older-SBU found that it is only inspiration, direction and fundamental principles that they can take from the newer-SBU. They have to fight their own battle and evolve solutions themselves. The older-SBU finally did succeed in the replication. The case experiences decision-making on template versus principle route to replication giving the participants enough exposure and thinking on the subject. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Complexity academic level For MBAs and working professional’s training. Subject Code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship

Ambiguous Neutrality: Kompas’ Position Amid the Wave of Political Polarization During the Presidential Election 2014

This study aims to examine the position of Kompas daily newspaper amid the wave political polarization during Indonesian presidential election 2014 and explain the underlying reason behind it. Based on six months on site observation within the daily’s newsroom as well as content analysis to 278 of Kompas’ article during the presidential campaign, this study found that the actual position of the daily has been ambiguous. On one hand, it claimed to be neutral in its editorial policy, but on the other hand, most of its editorial elites as well as its reporters had personally supported Jokowi. Furthermore, even though the daily has managed to be in a relative balance in term of space in its coverage, it has favored Jokowi in term of tone. This study argues there are political, economy as well as cultural reasons underlying this ambiguous position. Politically, Kompas took position to be neutral to stay close, and to avoid conflict, with whoever might win the election. Economically, this position was taken to maximize its economic interest to maintain its readers whose supports were also divided to the two pairs of candidates and to keep the chance to get advertising revenue from both candidates. Finally, this position has been justified by the shared cultural values among the journalists that this is important to remain neutral to avoid direct confrontation with either Presidential candidate. This values has been embodied as part of the habitus of the journalists which its development primarily took place under the previous authoritarian era. This situation is surprisingly similar with the case in the post authoritarian South American countries, in which the legacy of the authoritarian past still takes hold to the current state of its journalism.

Is forensic architecture the new muralism of the Mexican state? A reflection on racialized violence and the construction of Mexican identity

Abstract In Mexico, the art of historical representation from the last 100 years has influenced and been influenced by the way we understand ourselves as Mexicans. The racial divisions of our society and the racialized state violence have been part of this process of representation. To me, the arts as a medium and mediator for the state’s incessant project of racializing indigenous peoples have intentionally overshadowed racial differences as part of the state’s political discourse. This article shows this relationship by taking as examples two case studies: Forensic Architecture’s exhibition at the Museo Universitario de Arte Contemporáneo (MUAC) in Mexico City, which portrays the brutal disappearance of 43 students in Ayotzinapa, Guerrero in 2014, and Diego Rivera’s mural The History of Mexico, commissioned in 1929 by the federal government, located today in the National Palace of Mexico City. Legacies of colonial past, such as racial segregation and oppression, and the influence of international ideas of modernization, liberalism and economic progress in Post-Revolutionary Mexico can be located in the material forms of representation of these two narratives. By re-problematizing the virtual spaces they represent, and the physical spaces they occupy or come from, my research points out a new layer of hidden racialized violence in the processes of construction of new and old historical narratives.

SYMBOLISM IN TRADITIONAL MALAY BOAT CRAFTING IN THE EAST COAST

The culture in the East Coast are rich in visual arts and performing arts inherited over time immemorial. The art is also found to have similarities in three different states, despite their geographical gap. The similarities are shared in dialects, languages, presentations, builds, and past legacy artefacts. The Malay craftsmanship is also dominated by the Malay community in the East Coast and it is also produced in the form of art and fashion. Artefacts such as boats, houses, and furniture are still visible until now and they have high artistic value. This research is aimed at displaying symbols produced by the Malay community on the craft of the boat. This art can be seen in the carvings and paintings produced on traditional Malay boats in the East Coast. This art does not only serve as an ornament and for its aesthetics, but also has its own symbolism. The decorative art produced shows that the three main aspects necessary in Malay art are function, aesthetics, and ethics. The belief in the existence of supernatural powers - which preserve and safeguard their safety at sea and their ability to get income from marine products - underpins the craft of this decoration art.

SYMBOLISM IN TRADITIONAL MALAY BOAT CRAFTING IN THE EAST COAST

The culture in the East Coast are rich in visual arts and performing arts inherited over time immemorial. The art is also found to have similarities in three different states, despite their geographical gap. The similarities are shared in dialects, languages, presentations, builds, and past legacy artefacts. The Malay craftsmanship is also dominated by the Malay community in the East Coast and it is also produced in the form of art and fashion. Artefacts such as boats, houses, and furniture are still visible until now and they have high artistic value. This research is aimed at displaying symbols produced by the Malay community on the craft of the boat. This art can be seen in the carvings and paintings produced on traditional Malay boats in the East Coast. This art does not only serve as an ornament and for its aesthetics, but also has its own symbolism. The decorative art produced shows that the three main aspects necessary in Malay art are function, aesthetics, and ethics. The belief in the existence of supernatural powers - which preserve and safeguard their safety at sea and their ability to get income from marine products - underpins the craft of this decoration art.

Museums and ‘Difficult Pasts’: Northern Ireland's 1968

This article contributes to the debate on the increasingly prominent role of museums in the interpretation of what have become known as ‘difficult histories’. It begins by outlining the impact and legacy of contested history within the context of Northern Ireland before focusing on how and why some museums have come to see their role and purpose, and define their social impact, in relation to the increasingly prevalent practice of confronting uncomfortable heritage. The role of National Museums Northern Ireland and its experiences in interpreting contested history then provides the backdrop for a discussion of its recent collaborative project on the seminal events of 1968. The innovative combination of this venture's methodological and theoretical approach, it is argued, provides potentially valuable lessons for the broader challenge of dealing with the difficult legacy of Northern Ireland's past as part of the ongoing peace process and offers a possible blueprint for others to adapt in their efforts to confront their own ‘difficult histories’.

Race on Both Sides of the Razor

The proliferation of studies declaring that there is a genetic basis to health disparities and behavioral differences across the so-called races has encouraged the opponents of social constructionism to assert a victory for scientific progress over political correctness. I am not concerned in this essay with providing a response to critics who believe races are expressions of innate genetic or biological differences. Instead, I am interested in how genetic research on human differences has divided social constructionists over whether the race concept in science can be used for social justice and redressing embodied forms of discrimination. On one side, there is the position that race is an inherently flawed concept and that its continued use by scientists, medical professionals, and even social activists keeps alive the notion that it has a biological basis. On the other side of this debate are those who maintain a social constructionist position yet argue that not all instances of race in science stem from discriminatory politics or the desire to prove that humans belong to discrete biological units that can then be classified as superior or inferior. I would like to shift this debate away from the question of whether race is real and move instead toward thinking about the intellectual commitments necessary for science to expose past legacies of discrimination.

Educational policies in Central and Eastern Europe: legacies of state socialism, modernization aspirations and challenges of semi-peripheral contexts

The article introduces a special issue of Policy Futures in Education on changes and challenges in educational policies and systems of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The countries in the region share some characteristics, such as their historical experience with the authoritarian–socialist or communist rule and its impact on education policies, as well as their long-lasting economic semi-peripherality. Differences within the region are also discussed in the article: from macro-level economic gaps to relative dissimilarities of education systems’ structures, as well as international assessment benchmarks. The articles in this issue present analyses of educational policies in Belarus, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. A theme that emerges most clearly across these texts is the complexity of East–West relationships. Read together, the contributions serve as a call for a more nuanced and contextualized look at CEE. Transformation of educational systems that entails the interplay of past legacies and borrowed policies can bring about troubling outcomes, exacerbated by the entanglement of education in a wider agenda.

A Benevolent State Against an Unjust Society? Inequalities in Public Transfers in China

Against the backdrop of a rapid increase in inequality following China’s historical economic boom, the Chinese government in the past decade has drastically expanded its social welfare programs aimed in part to reduce inequality. How effective has the benevolent state been and what does it inform us about the nature of the new welfare system in China? Utilizing the National Transfer Accounts approach, we examine inequalities in public transfers in three areas: education, health care, and pension. Public transfers in China as a whole are unevenly distributed across generations, with spending on the elderly almost twice of the young on a per person basis. Public transfers in education, health care, and pension combined are even more tilted, with those in the top income quartile receiving nearly four times of those in the bottom group. Such inequalities are in part conditioned by past legacies of social inequalities in China, but they also show the limits of the emerging Chinese welfare regime.

State identity in Europe today: Some determinants

Objectives: The article is aimed at studying the differentiation of the strength of state identity in selected European countries and attempts to explain the observed tendencies. Research Design & Methods: The empirical part is based upon three waves of the International Social Survey Programme entitled ‘National Identity’. Findings: The results show that state identities in Western European countries are well-developed. Central/Eastern European societies are characterised by lower levels of state identity than Western European ones. We attribute this phenomenon to legacies of the past, especially the to many centuries of economic underdevelopment of the region that was enhanced increased by communism and low levels of social capital in Eastern European societies. Contribution: This study links the state identity of citizens of European countries with their living conditions and past legacies. Article Classification: Research article Keywords: state identity, national identity, social capital, communist legacy, post-communist countriesJEL classification: H1, H4, P3, P5

Running Head: Education in Kenya

Modern Kenya has been steadily evolving since 1963 when the country attained independence. It has made remarkable progress in all spheres of national growth and development. It is, however, in the area of literacy and education that the growth is most noticeable. Contemporary educational developments have built on the legacies of the past – refining traditional values and incorporating them in the goals and objectives of Kenya’s modern system of education.

Tourism in the Mountains of Central Kerala (South India): at the Crossroads of Attitudes Towards Forest Populations

In South India the term “Adivasi” (original inhabitants) designates forest dwellers, defined in the Constitution of India as Scheduled Tribes, who live in the Ghat mountains and their foothills. These populations have been ascribed two essentialist visions: preserved tribes living in harmony with nature and backward peoples who need to be educated so that they can be integrated into Indian society. These two visions coexist in how the mountain-dwelling Adivasi are perceived today by tourists as well as by the inhabitants of the plains and cities. This article underscores just how burdensome this past legacy is when observing these mountain areas and in the attitudes towards their inhabitants. Through several examples of tourist sites in Kerala, this article analyses the place accorded to the mountain Adivasi in the collective and tourist imagination, the role assigned to the local populations in tourist development, and how tourism brings out the hierarchical and inegalitarian social relations existing within forest society.

Memory, place and gender:Armagh Stories: Voices from the Gaol

The film Armagh Stories: Voices from the Gaol (2015)1is a documentary film edited from the Prisons Memory Archive2and offers perspectives from those who passed through Armagh Gaol, which housed mostly female prisoners during the political conflict in and about Northern Ireland, known as the Troubles. Armagh Stories is an attempt to represent the experiences of prison staff, prisoners, tutors, a solicitor, chaplain and doctor in ways that are ethically inclusive and aesthetically relevant. By reflecting on the practice of participatory storytelling and its reception in a society transitioning out of violence, I investigate how memory, place and gender combine to suggest ways of addressing the legacy of a conflicted past in a contested present.

Political Socialisation and Regime Change: How the Right Ceased to be Wrong in Post-1974 Greece

In established democracies, parties provide ideological cues either with their policy stances or with their social group affiliations. In new democracies, these signals are still ambiguous. What determines the meaning attached to ideological labels in such circumstances? Existing explanations emphasise country-specific ethno-linguistic cleavages. I propose a different explanation, which rests on the ideological legacy of the authoritarian past. Dictatorships are linked either to the left or to the right. This association between ideology and the authoritarian past persists after the democratic transition, distorting people’s perceptions of the meaning of ideological labels. This distortion translates into a bias against the ideology of the dictator. As the party system consolidates, however, the role of history is overcome by the accumulation of democratic experience. Focusing on the case of Greece, I propose a modelling framework to test the presence of this bias, its observational implications and its evolution along the process of party system consolidation.

The Importance of Painting in Qajar Dynasty Based on the Sociology Point of View

<p>The paintings of Qajar dynasty are the most thriving and important artworks in Qajar dynasty. Studying Qajar painting helps importantly to identify and study the art and culture of Qajar dynasty. Existence of lots of paintings, diversity of designs, color and subject, combining tradition and modernism were factors for selecting this dynasty to investigate. As the painting is the visual history of each era, sociology studying of painting in this dynasty will make one to understand common culture and thinking of people in that society. Amount of influence of western culture especially during Naser al-Din Shah Era has been at the same time with the creation of these paintings and combination of these paintings with our past legacy schools lead us to the thinking and willing of Qajar artists. As Qajar art and different kinds of painting art were the foundation of contemporary Iran’s painting by a research around this Dynasty, the reasons of excellence, lacks and origins of contemporary painting of Iran can be understood. Research methodology at the beginning was based on library studies while there were little reading resources in books, magazines, internet, documentation, presence in places and photography and then studying of what was seen heard and read.</p>