Leftover Food Research Articles

Biogas Production and Optimization from Leftover Food and Solid Kitchen Wastes

Food leftover and solid kitchen waste disposed on open land surface, consequences different problems like air pollution, human health problem, ground water pollution, disturbance of ecosystem etc. For this problem recovering leftover food and solid kitchen waste for biogas production is critical solution. Sustainable energy production is the current issue for non renewable energy crises. The quality biogas determined by factors (temperature, PH, retention time and substrates). The method that determines the quality and quantity of biogas: first Data (leftover food and solid kitchen waste) was collected, characterize, then the slurry solution where prepared. At pH of solution (slurry) adjusted 4.6 – 6.3, at the temperature of Mesophilic range 25 – 40°C). The biogas production procedure: Hydrolysis - Acidogenesis – Acetogenesis – Methanogenesis. the volumew of biogas and CH4 maximization is the objective of this syudies. depending on experiental result output optimization model equation was developed using design expert, central composite method. In this experimental design With the retention time of 29 days, the quality is tested at an different alternatives. From the substrate source of leftover food and solid kitchen wastes, using experimental input, optimization result output from design expert: 63.3% CH4, 27.9% CO2, 0.316% O2 and 3.35L biogas quality and quantity respectively produced, from 1.75L of proportional slurry substrate prepared, at temperature 26.1°C and pH 5.51.

Food Bank Management System - Feeding Humanity Through Mobile App

In our country, millions of people are dying every because of the shortage of food. In another end, despite increasing requirements for food, 25% of the food is getting wasted as leftovers. This has become one of the most challenging situations for our country. In this paper, we have taken a small initiative and proposed an effective way of food saving and humanity feed management system to overcome such scenario. This system will help in saving the life of needy people by making a little step in reaching these leftover foods to the hands of deprived people. It is proposed to develop a mobile application to implement this idea. The task of this application is to receive the leftover foods from various people and send the collected food to the needy people. The collected food will be distributed at a specified place by one click only. The front end has been developed by CSS Android and at the backend MySQL has been used. This system will help in saving the life of needy people by making a little step in reaching these leftover foods to the hands of deprived people.

A patient with left hemiparesis due to stroke who had food leftovers on the left side of the mouth during eating

A patient with left hemiparesis due to stroke who had food leftovers on the left side of the mouth during eating

Two Poems

Juggling Urban Psychosis The cage has turned into a bird and it has flown away my heart has lost its mind – Alejandra Pizarnik We set free birds of anger into the wind filled with wet nights and dark dawns. Streets pour smoke and turn into a sacred tomb while newspapers twirl among us, and we eat ravings. Car horns deafen my death. In the rambling verses written on a wall, blood throbs like a traffic light. I am the barefoot whore. Cowardly steps hurt until they burn. They come and go, spitting semen that pay for the hit of the day and then they disappear, pedaling unicycles of status quo. We go outside, burdened by mournings hypnotized by red-and-blue nightmares that echo through the step-filled alley stained with leftovers of Chinese food. Meanwhile Old San Juan ex-politicians get up as early as graffiti artists, They light up and inhale psychedelic applause. We keep dying between newspapers and our own steps, inevitably loving the scent of the city, falling into the void just like birds of anger. ____________________________________________________ Two Poems by Ana María Fuster Lavín Ana María Fuster Lavín is a Puerto Rican writer and cultural columnist. She received awards from PEN Puerto Rico’s chapter for her novel Requiem and from the Instituto de Literatura Puertorriqueña for her short-story collection Verdades Caprichosas and for her poetry collection El libro de las sombras. She is also the author of several narrative and poetry books, including two gothic novels: (In)somnio and Mariposas Negras. Above Photos: Alonso Sambolín, “Revolution” Requiem for My Shadow Girl After the storm, then came silence and its explosion. A dessert of shadows closed its doors. Then it rained. We lit up our debris but then had to turn our backs to the light. We opened our eyes and then a world of eyes emerged over San Juan pain fell upon the back of the Poet like petals over a child’s face – a woman laughed her last teardrop – and Shadow Girl picked up corks from the street to draw her dreams over the remains of her shipwreck Goodbye sadness goodbye my Shadow Girl farewell to you and to the latches that guarded bedsheets never used by you. Still, we reached the city wings flapped as we arrived people died (my daughter died); silences capsized, they were so many, we mistook them for crucified daisies. The sea fed from exiles and fear, it took them all away, all of them and their misery. It also returned our gazes. And then, it dawned . . . Translations from the Spanish By Mayra Santos-Febres To read about Mayra Santos-Febres, turn to page 54. WORLDLIT.ORG 75 ...

Two Poems

Juggling Urban Psychosis The cage has turned into a bird and it has flown away my heart has lost its mind – Alejandra Pizarnik We set free birds of anger into the wind filled with wet nights and dark dawns. Streets pour smoke and turn into a sacred tomb while newspapers twirl among us, and we eat ravings. Car horns deafen my death. In the rambling verses written on a wall, blood throbs like a traffic light. I am the barefoot whore. Cowardly steps hurt until they burn. They come and go, spitting semen that pay for the hit of the day and then they disappear, pedaling unicycles of status quo. We go outside, burdened by mournings hypnotized by red-and-blue nightmares that echo through the step-filled alley stained with leftovers of Chinese food. Meanwhile Old San Juan ex-politicians get up as early as graffiti artists, They light up and inhale psychedelic applause. We keep dying between newspapers and our own steps, inevitably loving the scent of the city, falling into the void just like birds of anger. ____________________________________________________ Two Poems by Ana María Fuster Lavín Ana María Fuster Lavín is a Puerto Rican writer and cultural columnist. She received awards from PEN Puerto Rico’s chapter for her novel Requiem and from the Instituto de Literatura Puertorriqueña for her short-story collection Verdades Caprichosas and for her poetry collection El libro de las sombras. She is also the author of several narrative and poetry books, including two gothic novels: (In)somnio and Mariposas Negras. Above Photos: Alonso Sambolín, “Revolution” Requiem for My Shadow Girl After the storm, then came silence and its explosion. A dessert of shadows closed its doors. Then it rained. We lit up our debris but then had to turn our backs to the light. We opened our eyes and then a world of eyes emerged over San Juan pain fell upon the back of the Poet like petals over a child’s face – a woman laughed her last teardrop – and Shadow Girl picked up corks from the street to draw her dreams over the remains of her shipwreck Goodbye sadness goodbye my Shadow Girl farewell to you and to the latches that guarded bedsheets never used by you. Still, we reached the city wings flapped as we arrived people died (my daughter died); silences capsized, they were so many, we mistook them for crucified daisies. The sea fed from exiles and fear, it took them all away, all of them and their misery. It also returned our gazes. And then, it dawned . . . Translations from the Spanish By Mayra Santos-Febres To read about Mayra Santos-Febres, turn to page 54. WORLDLIT.ORG 75 ...

Faunal remains from the burials of the 2nd-1st millennia BC in Tuva: Main results and perspectives of the study (based on the materials excavated by the Tuva Archaeological Expedition of IHMC RAS in 2010- 2018)

he article deals with faunal remains from the Late Bronze — Early Iron Age buri- als of Tuva (from the middle of the 2nd to the end of the 1st mil. BC.) obtained in the course of archaeological excavations con- ducted by the Tuva Expedition of IHMK RAS in 2010–2018. The authors analize both scat- tered bone fragments of various animals and intact skeletons or skeletal parts found in situ in burial contexts. In some cases these bones seem to represent leftovers of funeral food, whereas in other cases the animals might have been buried to serve as livestock in the “other world”. Some of the burials contain accumulations of sheep and goat skulls be- longing to all the main age and sex groups: newborn, young and old animals, males and females. These accumulations are thought to symbolize the herds. One of the promising ways for extracting cultural information from osteological collections is associated with the possibility to determine the seasonali- ty of funerals based on the age of young an- imals whose bones were found in burial con- texts. This method has been extensively used by the authors and produced interesting re- sults which are discussed in the inal section of the paper.

Food Waste in the Leftover Foods of Domestic Household in Malaysia: An Analysis of the Waste Pattern.

Food Waste in the Leftover Foods of Domestic Household in Malaysia: An Analysis of the Waste Pattern.

Data Storage Based Heart and Body Temperature Measurement Device

Body health is the most important thing for human life. The heart is one of the organs of the body that is very important for humans. The heart functions to regulate the circulation of oxygen-rich blood and to carry leftover food in the body. Heart rate illustrates how hard the heart works. The heart rate needs to be monitored to find out the patient's condition. BPM measurement and temperature is an activity of measuring heart rate and body temperature. The patient’s body temperature affects the patient's rapid heart to pump blood throughout the body. The study aims to design a heart rate and body temperature measuring device using an infrared LED as a transmitter and a photodiode as a receiver, an LM35 as the temperature sensor, and an LCD to display the final output. This tool uses an ATMega8 microcontroller as the controlling system. The device was completed with data storage and temperature indicators. The result of the test on the device showed that the device performed very well in measuring the heart rate and body temperature of adult patients aged 20 until 40 years old.

Water quality status of an urban lake in the dry season from 2017 to 2020 (Situ Gintung, Banten Province, Indonesia)

Urban lakes are experiencing various kinds of problems because of the anthropocentrism of environmental management. This also happens in Situ Gintung, Indonesia. This lake is polluted by many pollutants from urban activities, such as the entry of domestic waste into waters due to anthropogenic activities and the amount of leftover food not consumed by fisheries. These problems can be solved by observing the water quality of Situ Gintung to provide information about parameters that have exceeded environmental quality standards and provide general information about the water quality in the dry season from 2017 to 2020. The research is done using a purposive sampling method and determining water quality status with the STORET method based on the Indonesian standard with parameters less than ten. As a result, Situ Gintung water is neither classified as class I, II, III, and IV nor be utilized for consumption, recreation, fisheries, and irrigation because the quality status is mostly in the heavily polluted category. Furthermore, the three highest polluters from each class are BOD5, COD, and a total of Coliform.

Association of Symptoms with Eating Habits and Food Preferences in Chronic Gastritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose There is a lack of research on the relationship between symptoms and dietary factors of chronic gastritis (CG) patients, and the contribution of dietary management in relieving symptoms of CG patients has not attracted enough attention. This study aimed to identify the associations between different symptoms and dietary factors. Patients and Methods. All CG patients in this cross-sectional study were recruited from 3 hospitals in Beijing, China, from October 2015 to January 2016. Association Rule Mining analysis was performed to identify the correlations between gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary factors (including eating habits and food preferences), and subgroup analysis focused on gender differences. Results The majority of patients (58.17%) reported that their symptoms were related to dietary factors. About 53% reported that they had the habit of “eating too fast,” followed by “irregular mealtimes” (29.66%) and “eating leftover food” (28.14%). Sweets (27.57%), spicy foods (25.10%), and meat (24.33%) were the most popular among all participants. Stomachache and gastric distention were the most common symptoms and were both associated with irregular mealtimes, irregular meal sizes, eating out in restaurants, meats, barbecue, fried foods, sour foods, sweets, snacks, and salty foods (support >0.05 and lift >1.0). Their most strongly associated factors were irregular meal sizes, barbecues, and snacks (lift >1.2). In addition, irregular mealtimes, salty foods, and sweet foods may be important diet factors influencing the symptoms in CG patients (support >0.05 and lift >1.0), as they were associated with almost all dyspeptic symptoms in the whole group and subgroup analyses. Furthermore, alcohol, barbecue, and spicy foods were associated with almost all symptoms for males (support >0.05 and lift >1.0), but sweets were the only dietary factor associated with all symptoms for females (support >0.05 and lift >1.0). Conclusion This study has provided new data for the association of symptoms with eating habits and food preferences in CG patients. The role of individual daily management schemes, such as dietary or lifestyle programs, needs more attention.

Animal management in the Medieval Banat: faunal remains from the settlement at the Pančevo – Livade site (Serbia)

This paper presents the results of the faunal remains analysis from the medieval settlement of the Pančevo – Livade site, discontinuously occupied between the 8th and the 13th centuries. The animal remains represent food leftovers as indicated by the butchering marks and mortality profiles. Apart from mammalian remains, which are the most numerous, bird, micromammal, and mollusc remains are also present. Animal husbandry was of great significance to the economy, although not highly developed – domestic animal breeds were small and primitive. During the earlier phase of the settlement (8– 9th centuries), domestic pig was the main source of meat, with cattle, sheep, goats, and horses herded as well. During the later phase of the settlement (10th– 11th centuries), cattle were the most important among the domestic species. Pig continued to be the main source of meat, while the secondary products of cattle, sheep, and goats gained greater significance. Hunting played a somewhat more significant role in the economy of the later phase, as indicated by a greater number of hunted wild species – boar, red deer, and mallard.

Significance of Cafeteria Food Leftover as Alternative Cheap Feed Resource in Poultry Nutrition by Alleviating its Pollution Effect on the Environment

Significance of Cafeteria Food Leftover as Alternative Cheap Feed Resource in Poultry Nutrition by Alleviating its Pollution Effect on the Environment

THE CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF LOCAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable local development aims to improve economy while taking into account environmental protection. Within this context, the contribution of women to sustainable local development over the years is essential to be explored in order to highlight the importance of their offer. This research aims to investigate the role of women in environmental protection for sustainable local development in a Greek island, Rhodes. A semi-structured interview was designed as a data collection tool. It was a field research which was conducted in the villages of the island as well as in the city of Rhodes. The sample of the survey was composed of women over sixty-five (65) years of age. The results of the survey show that the participation of women was particularly important in the environmental protection of the island, as their daily habits and occupations were environmentally friendly. The yards of their houses were decorated with flowers and trees. In their gardens they planted vegetables that were cultivating without using fertilizers or pesticides. They also collected rain water and they generally spent water with great care and attention. They did not throw the excess food in the garbage, they were giving pets or domestic animals the leftover food, and they also made sure that garbage from housework was scarce. Therefore, their work, their everyday habits and their way of life did not burden the environment, so they made a decisive contribution to the sustainable development of the island. Keywords: environmental, local sustainable development, women

Bacteria Associated With the American Cockroach Periplanata Americana (Dictyoptera: Blatellidae) In Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Cockroaches have become the most common peridomestic insect pest of public health and epidemiological importance. The presence raises safety concerns, especially as carriers of food-borne pathogens and food-spoilage organisms. Using a swab bacteriological technique, investigations were carried out on the wings, legs and mouth parts of cockroaches trapped from sewers, kitchens and bathrooms from household in Amassoma, Bayelsa State. The density of microorganisms by standard plate count was used to analyze the samples. Microbial load gotten were 62 x 103 _ 76 x 103 cfu/ml-1 for wings, 45 x 103 ¬–53 x 103 cfu/ml-1for legs and 36 x 103¬- 41 x103 cfu/ml-1 for mouthparts respectively regarding heterotrophic bacterial count and 59 x 103 - 62 x 103 cfu/ml-1, 41 x 103 ¬- 53 x 103 cfu/ml-1 and 36 x 103 ¬- 43 x 103 cfu/ml-1 for fecal coliform count respectively. Five bacteria genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae, known as Opportunistic pathogens and responsible for food spoilage were identified such as Escherichia coli (33.3%) most frequently isolated, Citrobacter specie (16.7%), Enterobacter specie (16.7%) while Pseudomonas specie (22.2%) and Klebseilla specie (11.1%) were the least isolated. Highest bacteria count was recorded from the wings followed by the legs and the mouth. Cockroaches can readily move from contaminated zones such as faeces to food preparation areas spreading food spoilage and disease-causing organisms onto the food. Proper care in disposal of food remnants and overall cleanliness at the households prevent cockroaches from foraging in the kitchen, bedroom and toilet.

Comparison of the Growth Potential of <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> in Mono and Polyculture Conditions in Earthen Culture Ponds of Jammu, India

The study was conducted to assess the growth and survival of <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> in earthen culture ponds in order to know about the growth potential of <em>M. rosenbergii</em> in mono as well as polyculture conditions in Jammu. Polyculture experiments of prawn with some selected carps Indian Major Carps (<em>Cirrhinus mrigala</em> and <em>Labeo rohita</em>) and Exotic Carps (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) were undertaken in 3 freshwater ponds for duration of 4 months. Under the monoculture conditions, prawns attained an average size of 10.40 ± 0.17 cm weighing 23.84 ± 0.32 g in 4 months and the survival rate was found to be more than 75%. The growth rate of prawns was found to increase steadily during the first half (upto mid-October) after which a decline in the growth rate was evident as the mean temperature reached below 18°C. In the polyculture ponds the prawns attained an average size of 10.10 ± 0.03 cm weighing 18.39 ± 0.89g (without<em> C. carpio</em>) and 8.4 ± 0.36 cm weighing 15.23 ± 0.36 g (with <em>C. carpio</em>) in 4 months and their survival rate was less than 70%. Prawns being benthic feeders utilized the leftover food (of the fishes) that settled at the bottom, therefore, saving the feed cost. It was observed that mean size of the fish attained in the polyculture practice was almost similar to that obtained in the monoculture. The ideal prawn polyculture should be practiced with fast growing compatible carps such as Rohu and grass carp. Bottom feeder carps such as Mrigal (<em>C. mrigala</em>) should be avoided in prawn polyculture practice as they compete with prawns in feeding.

HUBUNGAN KEPUASAN PELAYANAN MAKANAN DAN SISA MAKANAN DENGAN KECUKUPAN GIZI PADA PASIEN KELAS III DI RUMAH SAKIT

Background : Satisfaction of patients is one of success indicator of hospital food management that influence the nutritional adequacy of patients. The satisfaction of patients can be seen from the taste, punctuality of distribution, waiter hospitality and the cleanliness of tools. The other quality indicators of nutrition services is leftovers.Objectives : Reviewing the relationship of the satisfaction of food and rest service satisfaction with nutritional success in class III patients in the Roemani Hospital of Muhammadiyah Semarang.Method : This study is descriptive analytic study by using cross sectional design. The taking of sample was done by concecutive sampling and it was gotten with 30 samples. The data collection was done by interview used the questionnaire guide of the satisfaction of hospital food, recall 24 hours to know the outside intake of hospital, weighing and observation of leftovers, also counting the nutritional adequacy by comparing nutritional intake from food and nutrinionl adequacy. The data was prosseced by chi square test.Results : The subject have good perception to the food service of hospital as much as 63,3%, leftovers beetween 56,7%, and nutritional adequacy as much as 96,7%. Conclusion : There is no urgent relation beetween satisfaction based on food service and leftovers to nutritional adequacy level.

Impact of controlling wastes and sustainable improvement in Bwari – Abuja, Nigeria.

The paper analysis waste management and sustainable improvement in Nigeria with specific reference to Bwari, F.C.T, Abuja. The area was divided into three regions namely: District A (south region), District B (west region) and District C (central region). Survey research stratagem was implemented with questionnaire as main tools applied for data gathering which were distributed to twenty-five families carefully picked randomly making total of 75 families that were studied. The main cause of waste management problem are illiteracy and income level, likewise city waste categorization for the Bwari - Abuja reveals paper, food leftovers and water sachets as the highest waste generated, but for transfer purposes, FLEXIBLE bag are regularly utilized to dispose waste since bags are stress-free in disposing and low-priced. The waste storing frequency is between 12 – 24 hours whereas waste throwing frequency follows frequently once and bi-weekly gatherings. Some respondents have open dumps within their vicinity where waste is stock before thrown away. However, there is great recycling event for metal and bottles since they are recycled at home and 15 % sell. Joint solid waste management practice in Bwari - Abuja are storing and highway or canal waste disposal whereas recycling and waste reduction which are waste minimization implements in the trio pyramid system which is the strength of most waste administration systems is faintly practiced.

Perbedaan Persepsi Citarasa, Asupan Energi dan Zat Gizi Makro Sebelum dan Sesudah Modifikasi Lauk Nabati di Panti Asuhan Al-Ikhwaniyah Tangerang Selatan

Vegetable side dishes are all food ingredients sourced from vegetable protein; the function of proteins as body building substances, because protein is a new tissue forming material. Nutritional intake in children who live in dormitories is lower than children who do not live in a dormitory, it is necessary to study the level of consumption of children who live in dormitories. The consumption of vegetable side dishes at the Al-Ikhwaniyah Orphanage in South Tangerang is very low because there are still many vegetable side dishes that are not consumed or leftover food on many vegetable side dishes. This study aims to see differences in perceptions of taste and acceptability of vegetable side dishes before and after being modified. The number of research respondents was 34 children of Al-Ikhwaniyah Orphanage who met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study were that there were differences in the perception of vegetable side dish taste with p = 0.000 taste aspect (p value <0.05), Aroma aspect with p value = 0.000 (p value <0.05) and color aspect with p value = 0.002 (p value <0.05) , whereas for vegetable side tofu there are differences in the perception of vegetable side dishes taste with p = 0.000 taste aspect (p value <0.05)), Aroma aspect with p = 0.000 (p value <0.05) and color aspect with p value = 0.001 (value p <0.05). There were differences in energy intake p = 0.000 (p value <0.05), carbohydrate intake with p = 0.000 (p value <0.05), protein intake with p value = 0.001 (p value <0.05) and fat intake with p = 0, -17 (p value <0.05). Modifying vegetable side dishes can significantly increase preference and can increase nutrient intake in children.

When food access is challenging: evidence of wood mice ability to balance energy budget under predation risk and physiological stress reactions

Prey species must balance the energetic cost of locomotion, foraging effort, and predation risk. In our work, we assessed how the wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) balance these costs by manipulating food access difficulty and predation risk. Live trapping was conducted in Madrid (Spain) where 80 Sherman traps were set in four different plots. To assess how wood mice manage their energy budget, all traps were first subjected to a control period followed by four treatments of 3-day duration in which food access was experimentally manipulated (free access, straw balls, straw balls wrapped in metal wire, opened plastic bottles, closed bottles). Predation risk was simulated by exposing half of the traps to fox feces. To quantify food intake, we weighed the remnants of food left by each captured mouse. Furthermore, we collected mouse fecal samples from traps to evaluate the physiological stress response by quantifying fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM). Results showed that despite mice generally avoiding traps treated with fox feces, predation risk did not modulate food intake or FCM levels. By contrast, the experimental manipulation of food access determined the amount eaten and increased FCM levels, probably owing to the different degrees of difficulty and the energy required to obtain the food. Moreover, recaptured individuals ate more, indicating that experience critically determines mice ability to reduce the costs of accessing food. By analyzing the joint variation between mice intake and FCM levels depending on food restriction treatments, we found that mice were able to modulate their energetic expenditure depending on food access difficulty probably in order to achieve a positive marginal value of energy. For wild animals, to optimally balance the energetic budget is critical to maximize fitness. However, foraging decisions are influenced by numerous internal and external factors which are poorly understood. We studied free-ranging mice behavioral and physiological stress response to different food restriction treatments, testing also the influence of predation risk and experience. We found that predation risk modulated mice capturability but not the feeding behavior or the stress response. We also discovered that mice seem to be able to adjust energy allocation when a novel resource appear, and that energy budget optimization may be mediated via glucocorticoid release and individuals experience.

Development of Agrinak Compass Sheep in the Application of Seedlings from Superior Science and Technology

The appearance of sheep Compass Agrinak (CA) with pastura care management such as the habits of farmers in Indramayu district shows that CA sheep can adapt well. The research method used in the research is social and technical approaches. One of the indicator can be seen from the birth weight of lambs from cross-breeding between local ewe and CA buck. Birth weight of lambs from crosses is relatively higher than local lambs, which is 3.08 vs 2.5 kg for females and 3.50 vs 3.04 for males. Some problems that require more careful observation where CA sheep die because of “consumed” plastic that may still have left in them as food leftovers consumed by humans wrapped in plastic bags, so that when eating the leaves “eaten” also the plastic wrap that blocks the system digestion and breathing which eventually die. Technology guidance on the preparation of sheep feed from rice (straw) by-products has been carried out at the Bogor experimental station as well as making good and true block minerals and sheep cultivation.