Left Tributary Research Articles

Fortification of the period of the Russo-Turkish war of 1735–1739 near the Vorona river in the Dnipro Nadporizhzhya

During the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, dozens of temporary ground fortifications were built on the territory of the lower Prydniprovya region to provide communication with the Ukrainian line of Russian troops operating in the lower reaches of the Dnipro and the Crimea. The same is true for the left bank of the cataracted part of the Dnipro river flow, along which the Dnipro army passed to the Crimea during the campaign of 1736, which resulted in the formation of Russian military outposts on this territory. These fortifications are still poorly explored both in terms of historiography and archaeology. Many of them are still not localized on the modern geographical map. Furthermore, the conditions of their topographic placement and features of the engineering configuration are not clarified. The current situation concerning this issue makes a comprehensive study on the events of the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, and especially its initial stage impossible. In particular, it is impossible to reconstruct the path used by the Dnipro Army during the Crimean campaign of 1736 without localization of field fortifications, as well as to study such important aspects as the organization of its supply and the establishment of courier communication with the Ukrainian line. The purpose of the article is to analyze the published written sources concerning the processes related to the construction and operation of the fortification of the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, located on the territory of the Dnipro Nadporozhzhya, near the Vorona river, as well as to determine the location of this fortification using the cartographic material and historiographical descriptions and to clarify the peculiarities of its engineering configuration. Research methods: systemic structural, chronological, geographical, comparative, descriptive. Core results: the article shows the reasons for the construction and functioning of the sconce built on the right bank of the Vorona River, the left tributary of the Dnipro river. The chronological framework for the existence of this fortification is specified; its role in the events of the Crimean campaign of 1736 is determined, and the composition and number of the garrison located in it are clarified. Through the use of cartographic material of the first half of the 18th century and the end of the 19th – first half of the 20th century, the location is determined and the conditions of topographic placement of the remains of the studied fortification before the construction of the Dnipro Hydroelectric Station Dam in the early 1930s are clarified. The features of fortification of this temporary field entrenchment are defined. The practical significance of the materials obtained in this research lies in the possibility of their further use in writing scientific articles and generalizing works on the history of Ukraine and Eastern Europe in the first half of the 18th century. Scientific novelty: issues related to the emergence and functioning of the fortification near the Vorona river at the initial stage of the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739 are considered for the first time in historiography. The location is determined and the features of the engineering configuration of this defensive structure are clarified. Furthermore, three manuscript plans of the late 19th – first half of the 20th century, revealed in the funds of Dmytro Yavornytsky National Historical Museum of Dnipro, are introduced into scientific circulation. Type of article: research.

THE EDAPHIC CRITERIES OF SOIL-GEOGRAPHIC ZONATION OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES OF VOLYNO-PODILLIA REGION

Problem Statement and Purpose The existing scheme of soil-geographic zonation of Ukraine does not reflect the natural-historical structure of the landscapes of the Western Ukraine. The main criterias of soil-geographical zonation of forest-steppe landscapes of Volyno-Podillia are edaphic conditions, the role of chernozems in the zonal-provincial structure of soil cover, the peculiarities of adjacencies in soil combinations. The main taxonomic units of zonation are soil-geographical zone, kray (region), soil okrug (province) and rayon (district). The aim of the study was to create a scheme of soil-geographical zoning of forest-steppe landscapes of Volyno-Podilliaregion, which is based on the principles of structural approach to the spatial organization of soil cover. Data & Methods The literary sources, medium- and large-scale soil maps, maps of relief plastics, Quaternary sediments were analysed. The main research methods were soilgeographical and qualitative-genetic. Also, the GIS‑technologies based on the software product ArcGIS10.3 were used, which allowed to draw the boundaries of taxonomic units of soil-geographical zoning and to form an attributive database. Results The forest-steppe zone stretches east from Opillia to the Podilsky forest massif on the Dnister-Pivdennyi Bug interfluve. We distinguished two soil-geographical krai: West-Podilskyi and North-Podilskyi and 9 soil okrugs as part of the forest-steppe zone of Volyno-Podillia. In the western part of the zone there is a synchronous spatial alternation of height-ordered erosion simple soil variations (lessivation-gleying) of gray and dark-gray forest soils with clay-illuvial chernozems, meadow and meadow-swamp soils of undulating beam interfluves of the Dnister left tributaries and complex soils variations-spotting (leaching-gleiing) of clayey-illuvial chernozems with typical chernozems deep and medium-deep deeply gleyed, meadow-chernozem of wide flat interfluves and ancient Pliocene valleys. In the east of the Podilskyi Forest-Steppe, complex variations-spotting of leaching-humus of dark-gray forest soils with clay-illuvial chernozems, typical deep chernozems and meadow-chernozem soils are dominated.

Identification of Bacterial Flora and Metabolic Function of Sediments in Different Channels of Duliujian River Basin, Tianjin

Bacterial communities are highly sensitive to environmental changes, but their metabolic functions may be convergent under similar ecological conditions. In order to test this environmental attribute of the bacterial community and verify the feasibility in using the bacterial metabolic data to divide functional units at the river basin scale, the surface sediments in three continuous spatial units of the main stream (MS), left tributary (LT), and right tributary (RT) of the Duliujian River basin were selected as the research objects. Therefore, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and the PICRUSt platform were used to analyze the bacterial diversity and metabolic function of sediments in different units. The results showed that there were no significant differences for the Shannon and Simpson indices between the different river channels (P>0.05); however, the bacterial diversity indices of Chao1, ACE, Observed_species, and PD_whole_tree of LT and RT were significantly higher than those of the MS (P<0.05). Moreover, the dominant bacterial phyla were not significantly different among the different river channels. In the present study, a total of 41 metabolic pathways were predicted based on the KEGG database, among which 34 metabolic pathways such as membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly different. The functional metabolic abundance was higher in MS than that in RT and LT (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference between those of RT and LT (P>0.05). Except for exchangeable phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen, there were no significant differences in other physicochemical properties among the different river channels (P>0.05). Furthermore, pH and iron/aluminum-phosphorus were found to significantly affect the bacterial structure, and SOM and TN were found to significantly affect the bacterial metabolic function. Overall, the sediments of MS and tributaries (LT and RT) of the river were clearly divided into level-1 and level-2 groups, indicating that the metabolic abundance of the bacterial community can be used as the key indicator in the division of functional units at the river basin scale. This study provided a theoretical basis and technical support for ecological functional division and management in coastal river basins.

Assessing the Impact of a Hydropower Plant on Changes in the Properties of the Sediment of the Bystrzyca River in Poland

This study aimed to assess the impact of a hydropower plant (HP) on the Bystrzyca River (left tributary of the Odra River, Poland) on selected parameters of the bottom sediment within this hydrotechnical structure. The following parameters were examined as part of the analyses: particle size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Field studies were carried out upstream and downstream of the HP and at reference points. In addition, the risk of heavy metals in aquatic organisms was assessed using an ecotoxicological method. Based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, it was found that the HP influenced all of the parameters tested, except pH. Comparing the points closest to and downstream of the HP, an increase in the average grain diameter of D50(on average by 750%), and a decrease in the concentrations of most heavy metals: Ni (271%), Zn (216%), Cu (163%), Cr (83.0%), and Cd (74.2%), was observed. The ecotoxicological classification of heavy metal concentrations in sediments indicates, in most cases, little or no impact on aquatic organisms; the values of Ni and Zn in some samples upstream of the HP are exceptions, where remediation using synthetic zeolites, metal accumulation plants, or by electrokinetic methods, is necessary. Fine-grained fractions dominate the clays and sandy clays upstream of the hydropower plants, while sands, sandy clay loams, or sandy clays are dominated downstream. Frequent occurrence of skeletal fractions (&amp;gt;2.0 mm) was observed downstream, i.e., an average of 23.30% in each sample compared to 1.82% upstream of the HP, which is mainly due to greater anthropogenic pressure, especially tourism. The dominance of fine-grained fractions upstream of the HPs favors the accumulation of metals due to the high sorption capacity of these fractions. When comparing the analyzed groups of points, the average pH values are arranged in the following sequence: upstream HP (U) &amp;gt; downstream HP (D) &amp;gt; reference points (R), while EC has opposite values (i.e., U &amp;lt; D &amp;lt; R). This study may support sustainable sediment management and may allow for the development of recommendations related to the rational management of HPs.

Water facilities of Ternopil: hydrography, ecological condition and water supply

The most sensitive to anthropogenic pressure in the city are water resources: surface and groundwater, water sources, etc. Therefore, the analysis of hydrographic features and ecological status of water bodies of the city of Ternopil is an urgent and important scientific and practical task. Purpose. Analysis of hydrographic features and ecological condition of water bodies of the Ternopil city, coverage of problems of pollution of the reservoir, quality of water in the Seret River and the main water intakes of the city Methods. Generalization and systematization, descriptive, SWOT-analysis, cartographic, geoinformation, geochemical assessment of the ecological status of water bodies of the city. Results. Generalization and systematization of data on the hydrographic network of the Ternopil city, allows us to state the fact that the main water bodies of the city is the Seret River – 242 km long (within the city 1.8 km) and the basin area 3900 km2; reservoir – an area of 300 hectares, nameless right tributary and canalized left tributary of the Seret River – the Rudka. The ecological condition of the Seret River within the city of Ternopil can be assessed as unsatisfactory. The main geoecological problems of the river are construction within the the coastal protection zone, water pollution by solid waste, exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations of suspended solids, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates and petroleum products. Environmental problems of the Ternopil reservoir are water pollution by chemical compounds of ammonium nitrogen, petroleum products, suspended solids and total iron; high siltation and pollution of the bottom sediments of the reservoir with heavy metals and mobile forms of biogenic elements. Water supply in the Ternopi cityl is carried out from two water intakes - Biletsky and Verkhnyo-Ivachivsky. Verkhno-Ivachivsky water intake is located at a distance of 3 km from the city landfill in the village of Malashivtsi. In the last few years, the process of drilling and using private artesian wells with a depth of more than 50 m has become widespread in the city. According to the results of the analysis, installed compliance with sanitary requirements of water samples in these wells, pH in all samples within normal limits (6,5-8,5). Conclusions. Current trends in climate change and the growth of anthropogenic pressure on water bodies, increases the risks of degradation and changes in some components of the hydrographic network of the city. In Ternopil, it is necessary to modernize the centralized water supply system, reconstruct rainwater collectors and strengthen control over unauthorized discharges into surface water bodies. It is also worth designing another water intake for the city in environmentally secure conditions.

STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL RIVERS BASINS IN THE TUNKA SYSTEM

The article provides a comparative analysis of the structural and morphometric features of the small river basins of the Tunka system on the example of the Ihe-Uhgun, Engarga, Tunka rivers (left tributaries of the Irkut river, Tunkinsky Golcy Ridge) and the rivers of the northern macroslope of the Khamar-Daban ridge (right tributaries of the Irkut river). Structural indices were obtained on the basis of the ALOS digital surface model (DSM) using GIS and compared with modal indicators to characterize the structural and morphometric features of the basins. The analysis of the indices distribution showed the greatest dissection of the Tunkinsky Golcy basins in the upper links of the erosion network. It was revealed that the basins of the third order, located within the Khamar-Daban ridge, are characterized by the greatest homogeneity of structural indices, and the basins of the depression bottoms have the greatest diversity in the distribution of structural indices. The leading role in the transformation of the relief and the transfer of matter for the small rivers of the Tunkinsky Golcy is played by watercourses of the 1st order; for small rivers of Khamar-Daban - 1st and 3rd orders.

Пространственно-временные изменения содержания загрязняющих веществ в поверхностных водах бассейна Северной Двины

The long-term (for the period 2000-2020) series of pollutant content in the water of the river Northern Dvina and its tributaries are analyzed. The spatio-temporal change in the average age and average seasonal concentrations of especially high concentrations that affect water quality, formed as a result of monitoring natural and anthropogenic factors is shown. The interannual and intraannual variability of the content of organic substances (according to COD and BOD5), compounds of iron, copper, zinc, and lignosulfonates in the water of the rivers of the Northern Dvina basin was studied. The influence of anthropogenic factors on the water quality of the right and left tributaries of the upper reaches of the Northern Dvina River - Sukhona, Pelshma, Vychegda. The change in water quality for the period 2010-2020 was assessed throughout the river Northern Dvina, Sukhona, Pelshma, Vychegda, the water quality of which is most affected by wastewater from timber industry enterprises, hydromechanized works in the channel part of the Northern Dvina and its tributaries; agricultural activities of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, as well as bilge waters of river transport.

Ecological-Geochemical Features of the Main Rivers of the Ugolsk-Shyrokoluzhansk Massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve

Presented are the results of studies of the chemical composition of the waters of mountain rivers and their tributaries of the Ugolsk-Shyrokoluzhansk protected massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (CBR) — the Velyka Ugolka river and its left tributary — the Kamensky stream; the Mala Ugolka river and its right tributary — the Vezhansk stream; the Luzhanka river and its left tributary — the Vonyacha Zvoryna stream. According to the results of statistical processing of the chemical composition of the waters, the average content of the salt composition was established — SO42–, Cl–, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3–, Na+ + K+, total dissolved solids (mineralization) and pH values. Based on the results of many years of research (2003-2019), the ionic composition of the waters was determined and the similarity of the Velyka and Mala Ugolka rivers (hydrocarbonate-calcium waters) and the difference between the Luzhanka river (hydrocarbonate-sodium waters) were revealed. The main difference in the composition of the waters of the river. Luzhanka has a low content of magnesium and calcium, with an increased content of sodium and potassium, the pH value is 7.04, while in other rivers it is 7.10-7.5. A direct relationship was established between HCO3 and mineralization (from lower to higher): the Luzhanka river — the Velyka Ugolka river — the Mala Ugolka river. The natural factors of the formation of the chemical composition of waters are identified — the composition of rocks and atmospheric precipitation (snow), climate and relief. It was revealed that the main factor influencing the formation of river waters is the composition of rocks: flysch with a predominance of sandstone (Luzhanka river), flysch with a predominance of limestone (Velyka and Mala Ugolka rivers). According to the standards for drinking water, there is an insufficient content of calcium and magnesium (Luzhanka river) and in all rivers — sulfates, chlorides, sodium. Recommendations are given to the population on replenishing the diet with microelements, which are not enough for the physiological needs of the body in the case of using river waters as drinking.

Capoeta svanetica (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), a New Species from the Luchunis River (Rioni River Drainage) in Georgia

Recent Georgia’s fish fauna includes four Capoeta species: C. capoeta (Kura River basin), C. kaput (Araxes River and its left tributaries, the Akhuryan and Mezamor rivers), C. sieboldii (East and South–East Black Sea river basins), and C. banarescuii (Chorokh River basin). Based on morphological data analysis new species of the genus Capoeta — C. svanetica sp. n. is described. It is more similar to the Capoeta damascina complex group (Anatolian–Iranian group) which also includes C. banarescui, C. baliki, and C. sieboldii spread at East and South-East Black Sea coastal rivers. The Anatolian–Iranian group, also known as small-scales species group well distinguished from Aral-Caspian species (C. capoeta and C. kaput in Georgia) by highest scales number in lateral line. C. svanetica sp. n. is distinguished from other Capoeta species of Black Sea basin rivers in Georgia and adjacent waters by combination of characters: two pairs of barbels are present (C. sieboldii and C. oguzelii have one barbels pair); no spots on the body (C. oguzelii has small black spots); lower lip has keratinised edge without fringe (C. sieboldii and C. oguzelii are characterized by fringed lips); scales small, 70–74 total lateral line scales (in C. sieboldii only 52–60 scales); 10–12 scale rows above lateral line (C. banarescui, C. baliki and C. oguzelii have more than 12 scale rows) and 7–8 scale rows below lateral line (C. baliki and C. oguzelii have more than 10 scale rows); 12–15 gill rakers on the first gill arch (C. sieboldii and C. baliki have more then 16); last unbranched fin ray soft, serrae number on it is 7–9 in adult and 0 in juvenile samples (all other Capoeta species of Black Sea basin rivers have well ossified last unbranched ray with high serrae number); anal fin base length is only 7.4–9.4 % of SL (more shorter than C. banarescui, C. baliki and also C. tinca); as well as mouth width (25.4–29.4 % of HL); eye diameter (19.0–28.7 % of HL) is biggest than same in C. banarescui, C. baliki and also C. tinca.

Оценка паводковой опасности на реках Северо-Западного Кавказа средствами пространственного анализа с учетом осадков и наблюдений уровня в 2014–2020 гг.

The rivers of the North-Western Caucasus, despite the flood regime of runoff, until 2013 were not covered by regular observations of the water level. The network of automatic level gauges accumulated level observations every 10 minutes in 2014–2020. Spatial analysis tools were used to calculate the distribution of flood runoff velocities and the distribution of water runoff time on watersheds. Histograms of the distribution of watershed areas of level gauges by travel time were obtained and hydrographs for extreme precipitation were calculated using the example of July 6–7, 2012 in Krymsk. In the water level observation data, periods of level growth of more than 20 cm, accompanied by intense precipitation—4110 flood events at 69 level gauges, were identified. Flood cases are divided according to level growth into groups: up to 0.5 m, up to 1.0 m, up to 2.0 m and more than 2.0 m. The distribution of maximum daily precipitation according to ERA5-Land data for the watersheds of level gauges is considered. The calculated discharges and observations of the level showed that the highest discharges and high and frequent flood levels are observed on the rivers of the northern macroslope of the Caucasian watershed—rivers Abin, Shebsh and Pshish. On the southern macroslope, rivers are distinguished. Mezyb, Vulan, Pshada, Shapsho and Dzhubga, however, they are inferior to the watersheds of the northern macroslope. The scale and number of flood level rises in the northern watersheds (left tributaries of the Kuban River) increases from west to east and in accordance with the growth of the watershed area. In the southern watersheds, the trend is similar, but due to smaller watersheds in general, less noticeable. The highest value of the ratio of the maximum discharge to the total runoff is observed in the smallest watersheds, i.e. the most sudden floods are observed on them, however, due to the small catchment area, they do not form dangerous flood levels. A small number of flood events in the watersheds of the western part of the region is due to the nature of precipitation in 2012–2020 and small areas.

Spined Loache Settlements Structure (Cobitidae) of the Eastern Ukraine River Systems and Alternative Character of Diploid and Polyploids Populations

The structure of spined loaches diploid-poliploid complex of Cobitis genera representatives as well as Sabanjeewia aurata of the Eastern Ukraine river systems were investigated by allozyme analysis and cytometry. In total 39 samples and 1412 specimens from the upper left tributaries of the Dnieper River, the Donets Basin, the coastal rivers of the Azov Sea and the Lower Dnieper were studied. We identified the representatives of C. (superspecies taenia) (51,6% of all researched specimens). C melanoleuca (4,1%), S. aurata (1,1%), allodiploids C. (superspecies taenia) × C melanoleuca (0,3%) and two groups of polyploid hybrids (46,4%). EET-group includs mainly C. elongatoides – 2 taenia and C. elongatoides – taenia – tanaitica. EET-group (2,8%) is represented only by C. elongatoides – 2 tanaitica biotype. In the Lower Donets and the Lower Dnieper, there is a zone of introgressive hybridization between C. taenia and C. tanaitica. The structure of settlements differs accordingly to the river basins and has a tendency to decreasing of polyploids frequency respetivly to meridional direction. The analysis of loaches samples from the coastal rivers of the Azov Sea collected in 1938 and samples from the Middle part of the Donets River in 1971 leads to the conclusion that polyploids in mentioned above regions appeared in 1960-1970s. The structure of diploid-polyploid settlements has an alternative character. More often, there is a predominance of diploids or polyploids. The reason of such bipolarity of settlements could be as reproductive displacement so a relatively strong tolerance of polyploids to anthropogenic climate change.

Бронзы из курганного могильника Арчекас на реке Кия (по материалам раскопок 1971 года на северо-востоке Кузбасса)

To solve the problem of cultural and chronological affiliation of the Archekas burial mound, located on the right bank of the Kiya River (left tributary of the Chulym River), in the Middle Kiya archaeological microdistrict in the north-east of Kuzbass, the author analyzed the elemental composition of the metal of the accompanying inventory from two collective and one single burials of the burial ground, which consisted of two burial mounds. The materials of the archaeological site have a chronologically and territorially wide range of analogies; therefore, since the first comprehension of the results of excavations in 1971 (the works of A.M. Kulemzin), they entail conflicting dating and understanding of the cultural attribution of this object. The data published in the article about the composition of copper-bronze alloys of seven objects (two mirrors, a celt, two buckles, a knife and a badge-wheel) were obtained as a result of application of two methods - non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface and atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma, when a metal sample in the form of swarf is analyzed. The publication of the results of the analysis of metal products is accompanied by their description and illustrations. Statistical and archaeometallurgical interpretation of the data obtained showed that by the ratio of chemical and metallurgical groups of copper-based alloys (43% of tin bronzes, 14% of arsenous-tin bronzes, 29% of “pure” copper, 14% of arsenic copper) the studied collection of bronzes is close to the materials of the sites of the Upper Ob region (Kulay culture, Kamenny Cape burial ground), Kiya-Chulym interfluve (Lepeshkinsky stage of the Tagar culture, Serebryakovo I burial ground) and Tuva (Uyuk-Saglyn culture, Suglug-Khem burial ground) dated III-II centuries BCE. Like the Archekas collection, the sets of non-ferrous metal of this time are distinguished by the absence of pieces with a pronounced predominance of tin or arsenic alloys. This shows the transitional nature of the metallurgical strategy, which fits in terms of relative chronology between the tradition of tin alloys of the middle of the 1st millennium BCE and copper-arsenic alloys at the turn of the era. In combination with the analysis of the range of late analogies of the objects of the Archekas burial ground, covering the period from the II century BCE until the VI century BCE, the data on the elemental composition of the bronzes allow concluding that the metallurgical tradition is archaic, which is recorded on the basis of the materials of the only burial site investigated in the Archekas archaeological complex. The analogies given for the Archekas inventory from the monuments of the Bolsherechensk culture of the Upper Ob region, mainly of its Berezovsky stage (II-I centuries BCE), are supported by the hypothesis earlier expressed by V.V. Bobrov about the nearby Kuznetsk Basin as a seasonal pasture of the population of the Bolsherechensk culture.

Monitoring of the polygonal reservoir of the Kytalyk reserve (Indigirka river)

Abstract. Diatom analysis is one of the methods of paleolimnological research, with the help of which it is possible to determine the state and development of aquatic ecosystems in the past and present. Assessment of the current state of reservoirs is of great importance in paleolimnology, it will allow to obtain results about temperature regime, mineralization, pH environment and water quality. The research area is a region with a lot of small polygonal reservoirs that react quickly enough to external environmental changes that are formed during the cracking of re-vein ice and may form large reservoirs in the future. In this work, the IP-1 monitoring reservoir of the Kytalyk locality was studied for 10 days (every three days) during the expedition work carried out in 2011 using standard methods and a set of field equipment. The material of the study was phytoplankton samples, as a result of which the taxonomic composition of the diatom flora was investigated and the water quality of the Kytalyk monitoring site located in the basin of the Berelyakh river, the left tributary of the Indigirka, was determined.

Проблемы культурно-хронологической идентификации Усть-Илирского могильника (Южное Приангарье)

The search for the Middle Neolithic burial complexes in Baikal-Yenisei Siberia is one of the most important fields of modern regional research. It is directly related to the problem of the so-called hiatus, which is characterized by the absence of dated burials for several hundred years between the Early and Late Neolithic in the range of ~7–5.5 ka cal BP (or ~6.6–6 ka cal BP to updated data). We see the greatest prospects at this stage of research in identifying the burials of hunter-gatherers who owned the technique of making Ust-Belaya pottery, so the connection of this ceramic type with some burials is already quite clear. This article proposes a new view on the cultural and chronological affiliation of the Ust-Ilir burial ground, which was discovered in 1990 at the mouth of the Ilir River, the left tributary of the Iya River (Southern Angara region). It is distinguished by the originality of the mortuary rite and inventory and stands out against the background of the known Neolithic burial complexes in Baikal-Yenisei Siberia. In the grave, partially destroyed by the Bratsk Reservoir, the remains of three people, fire traces and “ocher” spots (powdered red mineral pigment) were found. During the excavation of the burial, along with various tools, bone needle cases with carved ornaments, pendants from deer teeth, and bone pendants that imitate the latter in shape, unique objects of art were found - miniature bone sculptures with images of waterfowl. In addition, on the beach where the burial was discovered, exhibited finds were collected, including stone and bone tools, as well as fragments of ceramics of the Ust-Belaya type, which most likely belong to this complex. As a result of the analysis of the elements of mortuary rite and inventory of the Ust-Ilir burial ground, its similarity to some Neolithic burials of Krasnoyarsk, the Northern and Southern Angara region, whose cultural and chronological affiliation has not yet been clearly defined, has been established. The closest to Ust-Ilir is the burial complex discovered in 1959 in Krasnoyarsk near the Gremyachii Klyuch stream, in the materials of which there are similar artifacts with images of waterfowl and needle cases with an ornament. We recently obtained a radiocarbon date for this complex from a deer bone sample (from the inventory), which shows its age at 5280±25 BP (6182–5943 cal BP). Given the above facts, the Ust-Ilir burial ground can be synchronous with the Gremyachii Klyuch burial. These complexes, as well as burials close to them from other areas of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia, with a high degree of probability could have belonged to hunter-gatherers who own the Ust-Belaya pottery tradition and inhabited the region in the Middle Neolithic.

Вылыс Том 2 – многослойный археологический памятник в долине р. Ижма

The first multilayered clearly stratified site Vylys Tom 2 was studied in the valley of the Izhma River, the largest left tributary of the Pechora River (north of the East European Plain). Cultural remains are located in the sediments of the terrace’s promontory, which is 10 m high. The site is discovered in 2003; excavations were done in 2010–2011, 2015, 2017. Four cultural layers are distinguished. The first cultural layer is placed in contemporary forest soil. Badly preserved fragments of ceramic vessels are found in this layer. Nevertheless, typical peculiarities of their forms and ornament allow to date this layer to the end of Ananyino culture of Early Iron Age (VI–III century BC). The second cultural layer is placed in brown loam at 0.3–0.5 m depth from contemporary day surface. Flint artifacts are not numerous. Heat treatment of flint, thin bifaces production, and large burins are typical for the Neolithic with pit-comb ceramics. The third and fourth cultural layers are placed in thin humus sandy loam of alluvial soil strata and found at &gt;2 m depth from contemporary day surface. It is low floodplain alluvium with a high sedimentation rate. The third layer has been dated to 7720±100 BP (GIN-15331), 7800±90 BP (GIN-14593), 8510±70 BP (LU-7289), and 8685±30 BP (IGANams-5991), while the obtained dates for the fourth layer are 8540±70 BP (GIN-14594), 8690±90 BP (LU-7288), and 8700±30 BP (IGANams-5992). The high rate of accumulation of sediments shows that the dates 7720±100 and 7800±90 BP from the third cultural layer are rejuvenated. And there is about 10 years between the existence of camp sites of the third and fourth layers. In these layers, fireplaces, traces of ocher, faunal remains, and stone products are noted, including a set of peckingabrasive stone tools for processing bone, and flakes from large slate polished tools (third layer), as well as large points, cores (including core-burins), polished axes and their fragments (fourth layer). We distinguish similarity the inventories of the third and fourth cultural layers. The used raw materials show the presence of shale and epidosite in both layers. The presence of ocher, the location of the hearths one above the other also confirm the short time interval between the existence of the Mesolithic sites of the third and fourth layers. Some similarities in the stone industry of the Mesolithic layers from the site of Vylys Tom 2 and the sites of Parch Mesolithic culture speak of their interrelations.

Changes in soil erosion intensity in Jablanica region

The aim of the paper is to analyse the changes in erosion intensity in Jablanica region between 1971 and 2018, using the Gavrilović method. Study area covers the catchment of three left tributaries of South Morava river, which have vary unstable river regimes. Natural conditions have a negative impact on intensity of the erosion process with unfavourable geological and pedological structure, precipitation regime, high slope values and significant vertical dissection of the terrain. Changes in erosion process are caused by changes in agricultural production as well as anti-erosion works, that have been carried out during the second half of the 20th century.

НОВЫЕ НАХОДКИ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ ЭПОХИ БРОНЗЫ С ВЕРХОВИЙ Р. БАРНАУЛКИ

The upper reaches of the left tributary of the Ob, the Barnaulka River, were densely inhabited in ancient and medieval times, but a significant part of the archaeological sites on the sand dunes of the Barnaulka ribbon forest edge have been destroyed by natural and anthropogenic impacts and are represented by random finds and gatherings from the surface. This article deals with a small collection of Bronze Age metal articles (knives, kelt, a bronze arrowhead with an ornamented sleeve) made by the inhabitants of the village. The exhibition was held at the rural museum, which was created by N.N. Isayev, the head of the Krestyanka Rural House of Culture. They give a description and cultural and chronological attribution of the finds, and suggest that they come from a multi-temporal burial ground which is being destroyed by an unauthorized sand pit and should be identified and investigated.

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ РІЧКОВОЇ МЕРЕЖІ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖЖЯ СЕРЕДНЬОГО ДНІПРА ВІД ПЕРІОДУ СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ПРО РІЧКИ ДО ПЕРІОДУ КОМПЛЕКСНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ (XIX СТ. - ПОЧ. XXI СТ.)

The article presents the history of the studies of the left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper. Periodization of the researches by chronological periods from the XIXth century to the beginning of the XXIth century is developed. The author singles out 5 periods and the key stages of the river research during the corresponding period. Further continuation in time of the period of systematization of reliable information about the left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper in 1801-1820s is substantiated. Attention is paid to the described and cartographic data of this period, in particular to the “Detailed map of the Russian Empire and adjacent foreign possessions” for 1801-1804 and “Carte de la Russie Europeenne en LXXVII feuilles executee au Depot general de la Guerre” for 1812. Theories of the XIX – early XX centuries on the formation of the river valleys of the left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper are covered in detail – in the works of Nikolai Arendarenko, Nikolai Markevich, Vasily Dokuchaev, Ivan Levakovsky, Nikolai Maximovich and Eugene Oppokov. Emphasis is placed on two main cartographic works of 1840-1860, reflecting detailed hydrographic network of rivers in the region – the map by N. Arendarenko “The main rivers and ravines of Poltava province” in 1848 and “Military-topographic map of the Russian Empire” 1846-1863 years, by F. Schubert and P.A. Tuchkov. It was highlighted information about the formation of gauging system on the rivers of the left bank of the Middle Dnieper and substantiated the key stages of formation, expansion and curtailment of the gauging system from 1880 to 2012. Information about field scientific expeditions along the rivers of the study region under the leadership of hydrologists V. Lokhtin (1882 – 1892) and E. Oppokov (1894 – 1898). Information is provided on the most accurate catalog of rivers and streams of the Dnieper basin by P.L. Mashtakov, “The List of Rivers of the Dnieper Basin. With Map and Alphabetical Index.” This catalog identifies 9 large basins of the Left Bank of the Middle Dnieper, which lists 569 rivers within the study area. Spatial and temporal analysis of water management, rail transport, agriculture on the main left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper during 1910 – 1930s is carried out. Activities of Hydrometeorological Service of USSR on making hydrological descriptions of the left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper from 1949 to 1960 are covered in detail. A detailed analysis of the list of works on hydrological and other researches concerning the rivers of the left bank of the Middle Dnieper basin from 1920 to 2022 is carried out

АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ ВИВЧЕНОСТІ РІЧОК БАСЕЙНУ ДНІСТРА В МЕЖАХ ТЕРНОПІЛЬЩИНИ

The purpose of the study is to analyze the study of the river basin systems of the left tributaries of the Dniester, located within the Ternopil region of Ukraine. Information is provided regarding previously made generalizations regarding the study of the rivers of the basin from the works of the 19th century. to modern monographic publications and individual articles. The study of the first publications summarizing the regime of the rivers of the basin and their use shows that it was the needs of shipping that determined the beginning (in the middle of the 19th century) of regular observations of water levels on the Dniester, when the first four water measuring posts were opened. The first water measuring posts on the left-bank tributaries of the Dniester within the region were opened during the times of Austria-Hungary – in the 80s and 90s of the 19th century. Measurement of water consumption at individual stations began at the beginning of the 20th century. Since the end of the 80s of the last century, the number of posts on the Podil tributaries of the Dniester within Ternopil Oblast has remained unchanged and amounts to 11 units. A significant drawback of stationary hydrometric observations within the basin for the period from their beginning to the middle of the 20th century. there is an interruption in the series of observations at almost all posts, since a significant part of the materials of observations at posts that worked within the boundaries of the former Austro-Hungarian (before the First World War), Polish and Romanian parts of the basin in the interwar period (20-30s of the XX century. ) turned out to be lost. The analysis of the state of study of the rivers of the region and their basins shows that the greatest attention in the works of domestic scientists is devoted to the analysis of various aspects of the hydrological regime of the rivers of the region. Research on the hydrochemical regime and water quality, the hydroecological component, attracted much less attention. Scientists of the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Odesa State Ecological University, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University, Ternopil National Pedagogical Volodymyr Hnatyuk University.

Монеты и монетовидные подвески из раскопок Баяновского могильника в Пермском Предуралье

The article analyzes the coins and coin-shaped pendants obtained during the long-term studies of the Bayanovskoye burial ground investigated in 2005-2021. detachment of the Kama archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the Perm State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University. As part of the funeral rite, they are reliable dating material that allows us to talk about the chronology of the burial ground. The monument is located on the right bank of the river. The source, the right tributary of the river. Vilva, the left tributary of the river. Kosvy, the left tributary of the river. Kama Dobriansky municipal district of the Perm region. The burial ground refers to the Lomovatov archeological culture. At the moment 527 burials have been investigated on it, 42 of which have been found 44 dirhams and 59 coin-like pendants, decorated, as a rule, with silver bracts — imitations of dirhams. The work summarizes for the first time the significant material of the IX — early X centuries from archaeological excavations that has not been introduced into scientific circulation. The tasks included summarizing information about the chronology of coins from burials, studying the patterns of their distribution on the territory of the burial ground, and also considering the function of coins in burials.