Left Bank Of River Research Articles

Integrating Habitat Suitability and Larval Drift Modeling for Spawning‐To‐Nursery Functional Habitat Connectivity Analysis in Rivers

AbstractHabitat suitability modeling is a commonly used methodology to plan and assess in‐stream habitat enhancement in rivers, such as for the key fish life stages spawning and juvenile development. However, their use only allows modeling the spatial distribution of habitats, but not their connectivity. By integrating micro‐scale habitat modeling and a larval drift model, we assess the functional connectivity between spawning and larval nursery habitats for four rheophilic and litophilic fish species in a channelized and hydropower impacted reach of the lower Inn River (Bavaria, Germany), in which two restoration measures, a bypass channel and an island side‐channel system, have been constructed to improve longitudinal connectivity and habitat conditions. The study aims to (a) map spawning and larval nursery habitats, (b) quantify their connectivity, and (c) optimize functional habitat connectivity through an alternative bypass channel location. Results show that the channel's morphological complexity influences quantity and quality of available spawning and nursery habitats and their connectivity. Despite the presence of nursery habitats across the analyzed channel, the slow lateral larval dispersion during drift limits their accessibility to only the left river bank, making only 33% of available habitats useable. The degree of functional connectivity and hence the percentage of useable habitats can however be increased up to 95.3 % when considering different spatial configurations of habitats, which were explored in two alternative restoration scenarios. The results demonstrate the importance of considering functional habitat connectivity in habitat assessments and restoration planning.

Mapping Longitudinal and Transverse Displacements of a Dam Crest Based on the Synergy of High-Precision Remote Sensing

Reservoirs are highly relevant infrastructure assets, and now, more than ever, they play an essential role in society’s welfare and national security. Their importance is related to regional socioeconomic development due to their capacity to store water for different uses, such as human consumption, agricultural irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric energy production, among other important services. However, many reservoirs are reaching the end of their period of life, and others are showing undesired displacements and cracking. Four 3D surveys were conducted on a reservoir that serves the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey City in Mexico. These surveys were carried out over a period of 5 years using GNSS observation to assist in understanding the actual dam kinematics, i.e., the behavior of its longitudinal and transversal displacements and the possible correlation with the reservoir level. The high-precision leveling and close-range remote sensing data were assessed and then mapped. The high-precision geodetic and leveling techniques allowed us to locate and measure 84 established permanent control points with errors of about ± 0.003 m. The mapping of displacements was made possible by modeling the positive and negative translations. The highest uplifts (11 mm) occurred at the left riverbank, and the highest subsidences (−5 mm) occurred along the downstream piers from the middle of the dam crest to the right riverbank. A ground laser scanner (GLS) produced 3D digital models with geometrical and radiometric characteristics, detecting displacements among the dam crest elements. The synergy of GNSS and high-leveling techniques allows the possibility to measure displacements, while the use of geographical information system (GIS) and geomatic techniques allows a better visualization through 2D and 3D maps validated using traditional topographical methods.

SmartWood: field-based analysis of large wood movement dynamics using inertial measurement units (IMUs)

Wood plays an important ecological role in rivers. Yet challenges arise when large wood (LW) is mobilised and transported during floods. Due to a lack of quantitative data, movement behaviour of LW during floods is still not well understood to date. A proof-of-concept study was conducted at three Swiss rivers to test state-of-the-art sensor-tagged logs, so-called “SmartWood” and collect quantitative field-scale data about LW movement behaviour. The experiments utilised innovative inertial measurement units (IMUs), which have been developed at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) at ETH Zurich and implanted into wood logs (SmartWood) at prototype scale. Each IMU comprised three individual sensors (gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer) and was equipped with an on-board processor, an AA battery (4.35 V), a memory (8 MB), and a Wi-Fi transmitter (100 m) for data transfer. After successful initial verification tests of the sensors, the IMUs were installed into debranched wood logs, measuring 4.35 m in length and 0.33 m in diameter. At the time of the field experiments, each SmartWood-log weighted between 170 and 220 kg, yielding a density of roughly 500 kg∙m−3. At the Limmat, Thur, and Grosse Melchaa Rivers in Switzerland, innovative yet discontinuous data were obtained. Results revealed consistent movement dynamics across all field sites. Specifically, we observed positive yaw movement during transport of SmartWood along the left river bank and negative yaw movement along the right river bank. Furthermore, interactions of SmartWood with channel boundaries, riparian vegetation, and objects (e.g., ferry dock) were registered and quantified, even when the SmartWood-log was transported out of sight of traditional sensing methods. The conducted field experiments enabled the initial testing of SmartWood in the field and exposed critical limitations of the IMUs and software algorithms for the reconstruction and analysis of floating LW dynamics. The gained knowledge and introduced sensing method will benefit the quantitative assessment of LW dynamics in rivers to maintain safety and functionality for instream structures (e.g., considering LW movement dynamics for the robust design of LW retention and guiding structures), but also river restoration projects and numerical models that rely on quantitative field-scale data.

Variability of Supernumerary Chromosome Morphotypes and the Emergence of Micro-B-Chromosomes in the Karyotype of <i>Apodemus peninsulae</i> (Rodentia) in the Russian Far East

Variability in the number and morphotypes of macro, as well as mini and micro B-chromosomes of Apodemus peninsulae in the valley Zeya River from Amur region is described. Micro B chromosomes were found in the karyotypes of the Korean field mice from the Far East of Russia for the first time. Two opposite trends in the geographic variability of B chromosome morphotypes have been identified. The first one is due to the presence/absence of mini and/or micro, in addition to macro B-chromosomes, in animals from the right and left river banks in the northeastern part of the Upper Zeya Plain, as well as in the northern part of the Amur-Zeya Plain. The second is a clinal variability is characterized by a gradual increase in three combined geographic populations of A. peninsulae of numerical parameters of B-chromosomes: index x̄В Max micro, x̄В Max macro, the number of morphotypes, the number of clones in mosaics, and the proportion of mosaics in the direction from north to south of the Zeya River valley. The revealed diversity of A. peninsulae B-chromosome morphotypes for 13 regions allows us to re-evaluate the geographical variability of additional chromosomes of this species in the Russian Far East Adaptive value of B-chromosome morphotypes for the species has been also assumed.

Hydrochemical, D–O–Sr isotopic and electromagnetic characteristics of geothermal waters from the Erdaoqiao area, SW China: Insights into genetic mechanism and scaling potential

The Erdaoqiao area has been the hot area of geothermal resource prospecting in southwestern China. Significance difference of scaling potential has been found between left and right riverbanks of the Erdaoqiao area. However, there still has no interpretation for the scaling difference since the genetic mechanism of geothermal waters remains unclear. In this study, hydrochemical, D–O–Sr isotopic and electromagnetic (EM) approaches were integrated to clarify the genetic mechanism and quantitively evaluate scaling potential of geothermal waters. All geothermal waters belonged to Ca–Na–HCO3 type and were determined by the weathering and/or dissolution of carbonates (66.87%) and silicates (31.53%) with cation exchange based on hydrochemical and Sr isotopic analyses. Na–K–Mg triangle diagram indicated they were immature water mixed by shallow cold water. Quartz geothermometer indicated the shallow reservoir temperatures (after cold–water mixing) of left riverbank (88.46 °C–90.51 °C) were higher than those of right riverbank (61.20 °C–87.89 °C). Silica – Enthalpy methods revealed the initial geothermal reservoir temperatures and cold-water mixing ratio were 102.03 °C–138.93 °C and 65.24%–85.87% in the right riverbank, 144.11 °C–146.76 °C and 73.08%–74.79% in the left riverbank of the Erdaoqiao area. D-O isotopes proposed the geothermal waters were recharged by atmospheric precipitation in the elevation of 4957 m to 5118 m. Therefore, the genetic model of geothermal waters in the Erdaoqiao area can be constructed. Stronger calcite scaling in left riverbank was attributed to deeper circulation identified by higher reservoir temperature and electromagnetic exploration. Quantitively evaluation demonstrated that the weight of scaling during 48 h in left riverbank (2968 kg) was four times higher than that in right riverbank (748 kg). The achievements of this study contribute to geothermal exploration in the Erdaoqiao and other similar areas worldwide.

Humus profile specificity of chernozems of the Ob river left bank within the Priob Plateau

Purpose of the study: to identify the features of chernozem humus profiles of the river Ob left bank within the Priob plateau (south of West Siberia) and the reasons that determined their diversity. Place and time. The south of West Siberia (Topchikhinsky district of the Altai Territory), the north-eastern part of the Priobsky plateau, the steppe zone of the Pre-Altai province of the Kulundinsky-Aleysky district, the key site "Volodarka" on the eastern edge of the Porozikhinsky-Aleysky ridge (52°41-42' N and 83°38'E). Sampling was carried out annually in August. Methodology. The collection and interpretation of materials are based on the principles and rules of the systems approach and soil ecology. The objects of study were southern and ordinary chernozems confined to different parts of the Volodarka key site (according to the soil classification of 1977; these classification names of soils are used in the text; according to the new Classification of Russian Soils (2004), the soils belong to the subtype of migratory-mycelial and textural-carbonate; according to WRB-2015 they are in the reference soil group Chernozems with the qualifiers calcic and siltic). The characteristics of humus profiles were obtained using traditional methods. All methods of analytical and instrumental study of humus and its individual components were identical. Methodological features of the research include detailed sampling (every 5–10 cm or less within the visual boundaries of the horizons) in late summer and the absence of strict methods for purifying preparations from mineral impurities. In this work, the concepts of “humus” and “system of humus substances” in soils are used as synonyms. Main results. The humus profiles of the chernozems of the studied territory, currently functioning under the same conditions, have a significant variation in characteristics, representing a range of options typical for such soils (when, based on the combination of characteristics of elementary humus-forming processes - EHP - the upper part with the humification-transformation type of their structure and the lower one - with a transformation-migration type of combination of EHP), to varying degrees of structural complexity (when several parts are distinguished with different quantitative ratios of humus substances parameters with the predominance of their self-healing processes against the background of other EHP). The main characteristics of the studied buried paleosols lie within the limits peculiar to soils formed in temperature conditions optimal for humus formation, but different moisture conditions. Conclusion. A significant difference in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of chernozem humus profiles of the Ob river left bank within the Priob Plateau is due to both the complex history of the territory development, and different levels of self-healing capabilities of the natural open self-regulating humus substance system, depending on environmental conditions during the period of its formation. During complex history of the territory development different horizons of Middle Pleistocene soils came to the surface in different places, and therefore are found within the thickness usual for mature full-profile modern soils. The advantage of using humus profiles when analyzing the state of soils and the natural environment that forms them is the possibility of conducting a more detailed analysis of the variability of properties, the use of sediments and soils of different preservation, and identifying variations in environmental parameters even in the case of very short episodes of change in one or more soil formation factors or their individual characteristics, which are shorter in duration than the characteristic time required for the formation of the trait morphological expression. The materials presented in the work and their interpretation show that the information obtained about the soil state and the environment based on the study of soil humus profiles (the characteristics of which can be the results of studying the composition and properties of humus) has not lost its significance and can be used in solving a wide range of soil science problems including monitoring soil conditions, as well as substantiating forecasts of their behavior when changing environmental operating conditions.

Petrographic and Geochemical Analysis of Indus Sediments: Implications for Placer Gold Deposits, Peshawar Basin, NW Himalaya, Pakistan

Alluvial placer gold deposits that accumulate in streams across the globe are essentially allochthonous sedimentary deposits that are transported from their source to their location of deposition. The purpose of this study was to find placer gold deposits in alluvial sediments along the Indus River in the NW Himalaya of Pakistan. The investigated region was divided into five clusters based on river morphology. The research focused on mineralogical distribution, sediment source, gold transport distance, elemental composition, and gold concentration in river sediments. Throughout, during the deposition at point and channel bars, the mixed source of alluvial sediments was revealed by its mineralogical composition. However, the SEM analysis demonstrated that the gold grains had a high flatness index, indicating that they had been transported a significant distance. The elemental composition of several samples revealed a significant concentration of silicon dioxide, iron oxide, and alumina oxide transported from the Himalaya. The study of the trace elements indicated gold and related base metals with granitic provenance were transported from an acidic/granitic source. Based on gold concentration, it is demonstrated that the left riverbank (clusters C1, C2, and C3) has a higher concentration of gold deposits and higher potential for economic gold exploration than the right bank (clusters C4 and C5) due to the lower velocity of running water in the study area. The findings revealed that the studied area has good potential for commercial exploration of gold resources, and the workflow can be adopted in any region with a similar geological setting and morphology.

Evaluating bank erosion and identifying possible anthropogenic causative factors of Kirtankhola River in Barishal, Bangladesh: an integrated GIS and Remote Sensing approaches

In Bangladesh, riverbank erosion has turned into one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters, and it affects the socio-economic and livelihood status as well as the environment of the adjoining areas. Kirtankhola River in Barishal, is this kind of river. This study assesses the amount of erosion-accretion, examines river profile, detecting key anthropogenic factors behind it, and signifying channel shifting of the river within 10 years (from 2009 to 2019). The study used Landsat Satellite imageries, geospatial techniques, and a semi-structured questionnaire survey throughout the study area. The study showed that erosion dominants at the left bank of river (17.1 ha/year), whereas the accretion rate is higher at the right (19.72 ha/year). Besides, cross-section at selected points of the river providing an evident indication of the river widening thus river course shifting. According to 61% of the participants in the questionnaire, high waves generated through water vehicles are the main culprit for this extensive erosion. The number of launches has increased significantly within the studied time-period, and most of the launches run over 30 km/h velocity, where it should be less than 20km/h. The study explored a mechanism of how centrifugal force produced by water vehicles increases the intensity of riverbank erosion in the meandering area.

Erratum to: On the Composition and Age of Taphofloras of the Krivorechenskaya Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of the Anadyr River Left Bank, Northeast Asia

Erratum to: On the Composition and Age of Taphofloras of the Krivorechenskaya Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of the Anadyr River Left Bank, Northeast Asia

Do cyprinid fish use lateral flow‐refuges during hydropeaking?

AbstractHydropeaking caused by small‐scale hydropower plants creates rapid changes in the intensity, frequency, and persistence of river flows. These changes can induce stress in fish across all life‐stages and, may negatively impact fish communities. Rapid increases in the flow velocity may cause fish to avoid unstable habitats, seeking out nearby refuges to reduce their energy expenditure. A lateral flow‐refuge constructed from maritime plywood (0.4 m wide × 0.5 m long × 0.4 m high) was installed in the left river bank, 40 m downstream of the Bragado hydropower plant. A multispectral stereo underwater camera trap was installed inside the flow‐refuge to monitor fish over one‐month period. The camera recorded images continuously both during base and peak flow conditions. Two different peak‐flow conditions were detected: peak and high peak‐flow conditions. The peak flow conditions correspond to a turbine discharge of 0.67 m3/s (peak), and 2.1 m3/s (high peak) at full load. The base‐flow condition corresponded to a discharge of 0.064 m3/s. The fish presence inside the refuge was observed to be significantly higher during the peak condition when compared with the base and high peak conditions. These findings strongly indicate that the flow during the high peak condition prevented fish from using the flow‐refuge due to the increase in the current. We hypothesize that this may be due to the increase in the current velocity and increased levels of ambient turbulence near the refuge. An alternate hypothesis is that the spatial distribution of velocities and depths during the high peak condition induced fish to inhabit areas with poor access to the refuge. The results of this study indicate that fish refuges can be used to successfully mitigate hydropeaking, and that their use by fish can depend on the flow regime.

On the Composition and Age of Taphofloras of the Krivorechenskaya Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of the Anadyr River Left Bank, Northeast Asia

Chineiveem taphoflora from the Krivorechenskaya Formation of the Anadyr River left bank (Northeast Asia) is characterized by a relatively low diversity of plants represented by ginkgoaleans, conifers, and angiosperms. Judging by their systematic composition, this taphoflora is younger than the Grebenka flora from the Krivorechenskaya Formation of the Anadyr River basin. Its closest analog is the Penzhina flora of Northwestern Kamchatka and the Yelistratov Peninsula, the age of which is reliably defined as Turonian, excluding the beginning of the Turonian. Therefore, the age of the Chineiveem floristic assemblage is also Turonian, most probably late Turonian. Such dating of this taphoflora is in agreement with the late Turonian or Coniacian age of marine mollusks from the overlying Dugovskaya Formation layers of the Chineiveem River and with a conformable stratigraphic contact of these layers with the plant-bearing beds. A tectonic contact between these deposits is not supported by our paleobotanical data. The observed succession of taphofloras from the Krivorechenskaya Formation in the Ubiyenka–Chineiveem interfluve suggests that the upper age limit of the Grebenka flora is the beginning of the Turonian.

The Textuality of the Modernist Rural Landscape: Belgrade Agricultural Combine (PKB) as a Driver of the Urban Development of Third Belgrade

This paper considers the landscape as both a material and an ideological representation and starts from the assumption that spatial patterns arise as a result of the ideological imperative of the process that forms the landscape. The research takes on a historical-interpretative approach in the domain of architectural and urban studies, enabling in-depth qualitative exploration of the textuality and layering of the modernist rural landscape through a case study of the PKB Agricultural Combine as a driver of the urban development of Third Belgrade, the spatial framework of the left riverbank of the Danube in the administrative area of Belgrade. The research was conducted by chronologically interpreting primary sources, notably planning documents of different levels and scope, as well as studies, programs and development models for the urbanization of this territory. The research aims to decode the impact of socialist agrarian policy on the land-use in the wider metropolitan area of Belgrade, as well as the impact of the agricultural combine as a spatial, social, economic, environmental and political entity on the urban development process at different spatial levels. The research has identified four periods in the development of Third Belgrade: (1) Production of the Modernist Rural Landscape, (2) Establishment of the Self-Management Planning Framework, (3) Humanization of Environment, and (4) Post-socialist Transition and the Collapse of the Agricultural Combine. The paper demonstrates not only that environmental transformation cannot be separated from social transformation but also that they are in constant interaction and that their synergy has had a profound impact on the development of the PKB Agricultural Combine system in socialist conditions. The textuality of the modernist rural landscape confirms that an object-oriented approach is not enough to explore and interpret the landscape, but rather, we should look at the way it is socially produced through decoding the planning, institutional and policy frameworks determining the urban development of a territory.

Acceptance of BANCS model for predicting stream bank erosion potential and rate in the left bank of Ganga river of Diara region in Malda district, North East India

River bank erosion is a hazardous problem of Malda district. Different parts of Malda are mainly eroded by hydraulic action of River Ganga. Bank assessment for non-point source consequences of sediment model is a well accepted process for predicting stream bank erosion hazard potential. In the present study, river bank stability condition has been measured form field survey on 15 sample segments for 185 km stretched from Rajmahal in Sahibganj district, Jharkhand to upstream of Farakka barrage in Malda. In the present study, bank erosion hazard index (BEHI), near bank stress (NBS) and field based data have been considered for assessing stream bank erosion. The result shows that BEHI is high along the whole given left bank line extension of river Ganga, among these BEHI is very high in the upper segments of the river and adjacent river bank line extension of Farakka barrage, overall NBS conditions along left river bank line are less compare to the BEHI. Dominant NBS conditions are belong under moderate to low along the river bank line. Loosely compact alluvial soil, sparse vegetation, steep slope, unorganized agricultural activities; sinuous channel can be responsible for river bank erosion hazard potentiality. On an average 976,068.991 metric tons of sediments entrains to the river in a year. Bank has experienced variants bank erosion from same BEHI and NBS combinations. So, it can be concluded that BEHI and NBS are potentially not significant model for predicting bank erosion in present study.

Probabilistic structural analysis of São João Bridge based on the on‐site study of the time‐dependent behavior of concrete

AbstractThis article aims to present a procedure to take into account the variability of the time‐dependent behavior of concrete on its structural effects, evaluated from the study of creep and shrinkage based on experimental data obtained on‐site. For this purpose, the São João Bridge, a railway bridge built in Porto, Portugal in 1991, is presented as a case study. São João Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the river Douro. It is a prestressed concrete structure, with a total length of 1,028 m, including the main span of 250 m, two side spans of 125 m, six approaching spans on the left river bank, and three approaching spans on the right river bank (Porto). During bridge construction, a comprehensive structural health monitoring (SHM) system was set up, as well as an on‐site study of time‐dependent behavior of concrete. This study was based on creep 15 specimens and 15 shrinkage specimens, prepared simultaneously with some segments of the deck, using the same material, and it was kept running during almost 20 years. The results of this study were treated statistically and used as random variables in a probabilistic analysis of the time‐dependent behavior of the bridge. After a brief description of the mentioned on‐site study and the bridge SHM system, the paper presents the procedure followed on the bridge numerical probabilistic analysis. Finally, the values computed by the numerical model are presented and compared with the experimental values provided by the SHM.

Optimization analysis of seepage control design in Mopanshan Reservoir, northeastern China

Anti-seepage calculation is key to the design of reservoir dams, and the uncertainty parameter makes the sensitivity analysis a useful tool in the design process. A reservoir constructed in northeastern China was selected to analyze optimal anti-seepage designs, and numerical models have been established with visual MODflow software. The results of analyzing seepage field characteristics show that under different schemes, anti-seepage capability is controlled by the length of an anti-seepage body on the left riverbank and the depth of curtain grouting, and that seepage decreases with increasing length of the anti-seepage body and depth of the curtain grouting. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that, according to the sensitivity analysis, the permeability coefficient had different effects on the seepage gradient under incomplete and complete anti-seepage. Under incomplete anti-seepage, the seepage increased with permeability coefficient and the seepage gradient increased; and under complete anti-seepage, the seepage increased slightly with the permeability coefficient, and the seepage gradient decreased, the permeability coefficient of the anti-seepage body clearly influences the anti-seepage effects. From a project investment standpoint, complete anti-seepage on the left riverbank with a curtain grouting standard of 5 Lugeon units (Lu) is the preferred anti-seepage control scheme. This scheme not only guarantees the safe operation of the dam but also ensures that seepage is less than the acceptable seepage limit, is close to the natural groundwater flow rate, and that the scheme will not significantly impact the downstream hydrogeological environment after the construction of the dam.

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ON MOLDOVA RIVER LOWER COURSE AND THE EVOLUTION OF REGULARIZATION WORKS

The paper presents an analysis of the morphological changes created on the Moldova River lower course. The studies and researches were carried out on the sector around Pildeşti locality, where Roman water catchment is located. The successive floods from 1994 to 2018 have morphologically modified the Moldova River minor river bed, which determined supply parameters of the wells located on the left bank of the river. The minor river bed moves horizontally during floods due to the degradation of the jetties and the enclosure beams. The floods of 2016 and 2018 partially and totally destroyed some of the riverbed's shore protections. Also, part of the shore protection works have been degraded, which has influenced the stability of the Moldova River left bank. The floods in the past ten years have led to the displacement of the minor river bed towards the right riverbank by breaking the old enclosure dikes and the jetties. Studies conducted during 2012-2018 analysed hydrological, hydraulic, morphological and topographic parameters on the considered river sector. The research analysed the concurrence of regulation and protection works in the water catchment area during floods. The flood of 2016 forced the restoration of the Moldova River minor river bed, to ensure the optimum wells operation.

Urban Sustainable Regeneration of Samarra City

There are three distinguished decades of the urban characteristics of Samarra City: The first one is the Abbasid decade (836-892 AD), as the Islamic Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, with a hard-geometric pattern of planning, on a site running along the left riverbank of the Tigris River, of about 41 km length to 3-4.5 km width. After the engineering crisis of the city infrastructure, due to which it had been abandoned as the capital for the Abbasid caliphate, all the citizens have moved back to original capital, Baghdad, except the neighborhood of the Imam Ali Al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, regenerating a small, circular, organic pattern city, growing up to the Othman decade, lasted until the beginning of the 20th century. The third one is the Modern decade, during the second half of 20th century to date, formulating a rectangular shape of 2km width, penetrating the archeological area, perpendicular to the river, because of the archeological obstacles along it. Thus, the research problem has become at first, the prevention of the city urban redevelopment along the river left riverbank, prohibiting the use of any of this sides as an urban sustainable factor. Second, the variation of the current city urban density according to the distance from the river, because the master plan has been expanded to about 8 km faraway the river, with no infrastructure, so that there is no life at the ends. This research aims to redirect the urban regeneration expansion along the river, by the revival of the archeological geometric plans, as an urban sustainable regeneration.

TECHNO-TYPOLOGICAL ANAIYSIS OF MATERIALS OF THE EXCAVATION II FROM KOROLEVO II SITE IN TRANSCARPATHIA

In 1974 V. M. Gladilin opened the site Korolevo II, located on a 20-meter terrace of the Tisza River left bank, 300 m southwest of Korolevo I, on the Verjatsa village northern outskirts. Materials come from trench 1, excavated in 1978, and excavation II, investigated in 1981.
 Reconstruction analysis of the finds’ depth and quantitative distribution revealed a certain movement of artifacts along the slope, possibly due to erosion processes, which could have led to their mixing.
 The techno-typological analysis showed that the collection is represented with components different time — Middle and Upper Paleolithic.
 The Upper Paleolithic component is not numerous (14 %) and, probably, is related to the Upper Paleolithic layers of the Korolevo II site.
 Middle Paleolithic collection amounts to 86 %. The presence of all categories of artifacts in this complex indicates a complete cycle of knapped stone reduction on the site. The industry is defined as non-Levallois, non-bladed, non-facetted. Indices: IF large = 25.6 %, IF strict = 4.4 %, ILam = 4.8 %.
 The blank production was based on parallel, radial and Kombewa methods of non-volumetric cores reduction. The main blank type is a flake with transverse proportions with massive lateral edge or platform, sometimes with cortex. These flakes were often used as blanks for tools producing.
 Tools are rare, but among them there are two special examples of single-edged scrapers with the back and the working edge formed by semi-Quina retouch. These characteristics may indicate the presence of individual characteristics of Charentian type Quina.

Analysis of climatic characteristics of the territory of distribution of the Siberian silk moth

Siberian silk moth is one of the most dangerous pests of coniferous forests of Krasnoyarsk region, which are the most important natural resource of the region. Climate change is considered to be one of the essential criteria for the growth of the silk moth population. In 2014, there was another outbreak of the number of silk moth in the Yenisei district of Krasnoyarsk region. It is known that the forest area of the Yenisei river left bank is subject to severe damage by the silk moth, and the right bank is characterized by a weak forest damage. The task of this work is to analyze the situation with the heterogeneous lesion of the forest by the Siberian silkworm on both banks of the Yenisei river of the territory under consideration according to most detailed available meteorological data for the period from 2009 to 2018. The results of the study showed that the left bank of the river has an increased surface temperature compared to the right bank by an average of 1-1.5°C during the period under review. This effect may be the reason for the spatial distribution of the Siberian silk moth population.

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MULTILAYER SITE IVANKIV 3 IN 2014—2015

The paper deals with publication of the results of investigations of the object of the second half of 13th — early 14th centuries on the multilayer site Ivankiv 3 situated in Ivankiv district of the Kyivan region. Northern districts of Kyivan Polissia are archaeologically little known ones. Since 2013 the archaeological investigations have been carried out there by the authors. During last 5 years 25 monuments were inspected. The settlement Ivankiv 3 is distinguished among them. It is multilayer monument in the flood-lands of the Teteriv river left bank, among Zaprudka village and Ivankiv town. It is situated on the dune hill. The authors found flinty tools of the Mesolithic—Neolithic, ceramics of the Bronze and the Early Iron Ages, the 11th—12th and 16th—17th centuries on the settlement area. However the rectangular shaped object of the second half of 13th — early 14th century excavated in the years 2014—2015 is the most interesting. It was 3.1 Ч 1.8 meters long and 0.95 meter deep. Perhaps it was household building crushed by a fire. It was filled with black soil mixed with carbons, fired clay and animal bones. There were a number of materials in the object. Ceramics is presented by pots mainly. The shapes of their rims are of the post-Mongolian period. Some of them are with spots of glaze that demonstrate a glaze production at that time. There are also fragments of bowls, covers and brown glazed jugs. Among other materials there were a small spin-wheel of pyrophyllite and fragments of that mineral, iron hook, two bits of glass bracelets and two grindstones. The animal bones from the object belonged to 5 pigs, 2 goats / sheeps, a cow, 2 beavers and a fish. The slags of iron production were found on the area as well.
 The investigation of the site is very important to study the regional history in the post-Mongolian period.