Left Loop Research Articles

Two coexisting pseudo-mirror heteromolecular telomeric G-quadruplexes in opposite loop progressions differentially recognized by a low equivalent of Thioflavin T.

The final 3′-terminal residue of the telomeric DNA G-overhang is inherently less precise. Here, we describe how alteration of the last 3′-terminal base affects the mutual recognition between two different G-rich oligomers of human telomeric DNA in the formation of heteromolecular G-quadruplexes (hetero-GQs). Associations between three- and single-repeat fragments of human telomeric DNA, target d(GGGTTAGGGTTAGGG) and probe d(TAGGGT), in Na+ solution yield two coexisting forms of (3 + 1) hybrid hetero-GQs: the kinetically favourable LLP-form (left loop progression) and the thermodynamically controlled RLP-form (right loop progression). However, only the adoption of a single LLP-form has been previously reported between the same probe d(TAGGGT) and a target variant d(GGGTTAGGGTTAGGGT) having one extra 3′-end thymine. Moreover, the flanking base alterations of short G-rich probe variants also significantly affect the loop progressions of hetero-GQs. Although seemingly two pseudo-mirror counter partners, the RLP-form exhibits a preference over the LLP-form to be recognized by a low equivalent of fluorescence dye thioflavin T (ThT). To a greater extent, ThT preferentially binds to RLP hetero-GQ than with the corresponding telomeric DNA duplex context or several other representative unimolecular GQs.

A non-invasive left ventricular pressure-strain loop study on myocardial work in primary aldosteronism

We investigated the myocardial work derived from left ventricular pressure-strain loop in patients with primary aldosteronism or primary hypertension. We enrolled 50 patients with primary aldosteronism, 50 age- and sex-matched patients with primary hypertension, and 25 normotensive control subjects. We performed transthoracic echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography-based left ventricular pressure-strain loop analysis to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Patients with primary aldosteronism and those with primary hypertension had similar clinic and ambulatory blood pressures, except that the former had a significantly (P = 0.03) higher nighttime systolic blood pressure. All subjects had normal left ventricular ejection fraction (66.4 ± 4.7%). Patients with primary aldosteronism had a greater left ventricular mass index than those with primary hypertension and the normal controls (111.0 ± 21.6 g/m2 versus 95.7 ± 17.7 and 77.9 ± 13.5 g/m2, respectively, P < 0.001). The global myocardial work index (GWI, 2336 ± 333, 2366 ± 288, and 2292 ± 249 mmHg%, respectively), and global constructive work (GCW, 2494 ± 325, 2524 ± 301, and 2391 ± 193 mmHg%, respectively), were comparable in the three groups (P ≥ 0.18). However, the global work efficiency (GWE) differed significantly (P < 0.001), being lowest in primary aldosteronism (91.1 ± 2.7%), intermediate in primary hypertension (93.5 ± 2.5%) and highest in controls (95.3 ± 1.5%). The opposite was true for the global wasted work (GWW) (205.6 ± 74.6, 142.0 ± 56.4 and 99.4 ± 33.7 mmHg%, respectively, P < 0.001). GWE was significantly correlated with the logarithmically transformed plasma concentration and the urinary excretion of aldosterone in patients with primary aldosteronism or primary hypertension (r = -0.43 for both, P < 0.001). The associations remained statistically significant (P ≤ 0.04) after further adjustment for several factors, including left ventricular mass index and clinic or nighttime blood pressure. In conclusion, GWE decreased and GWW increased in primary hypertension and further in primary aldosteronism, probably because of the adrenal aldosterone hypersecretion and the left ventricular mass index increase, while GWI and GCW were similar, indicating that similar and normalized total myocardial work might be a compensation in hypertension at the expense of work efficiency.

Mechanical Synchrony and Myocardial Work in Heart Failure Patients With Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing and Comparison With Biventricular Pacing.

Background: Little is known about the efficacy of permanent left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) in delivering cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of LBBAP on mechanical synchronization and myocardial work (MW) in heart failure (HF) patients and to compare LBBAP with biventricular pacing (BVP).Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective cohort study. From February 2018 to January 2021, 62 consecutive HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 35%) and complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) who underwent LBBAP or BVP were enrolled in this study. Echocardiograms and electrocardiograms and were conducted before and 3–6 months after implantation. Intra- and interventricular synchronization were assessed using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI). The left ventricular pressure-strain loop was obtained by combining left ventricular strain with non-invasive blood pressure to evaluate mechanical efficiency.Results: The echocardiographic response rates were 68.6 and 88.9% in the BVP and LBBAP groups, respectively. Left bundle branch area pacing resulted in significant QRS narrowing (from 177.1 ± 16.7 to 113.0 ± 18.4 ms, P < 0.001) and improvement in LVEF (from 29.9 ± 4.8 to 47.1 ± 8.3%, P < 0.001). The global wasted work (GWW) (410.3 ± 166.6 vs. 283.0 ± 129.6 mmHg%, P = 0.001) and global work efficiency (GWE) (64.6 ± 7.8 vs. 80.5 ± 5.7%, P < 0.001) were significantly improved along with shorter peak strain dispersion (PSD) (143.4 ± 45.2 vs. 92.6 ± 35.1 ms, P < 0.001) and interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD) (56.4 ± 28.5 vs. 28.9 ± 19.0 ms, P < 0.001), indicating its efficiency in improving mechanical synchronization. In comparison with BVP, LBBAP delivered greater improvement of QRS narrowing (−64.1 ± 18.9 vs. −32.5 ± 22.3 ms, P < 0.001) and better mechanical synchronization and efficiency.Conclusions: Left bundle branch area pacing was effective in improving cardiac function, mechanical synchronization, and mechanical efficiency and may be a promising alternative cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Triple-wavelength EDF laser based on phase-shifted fiber grating and 50 μm MMF

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel switchable triple-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using linear cavity structure. It is composed of two Sagnac loops that act as cavity mirrors in the resonant cavity. The left loop consists of a 3 dB fiber coupler (FC), a three-ring polarization controller (PC), and a phase-shifted fiber grating. The right loop consists of a same 3 dB FC, a same PC and a length of multimode fiber with 50 µm core diameter. The two loops based on different operation principles become two comb filters to jointly excite the multiwavelength output. On the role of the polarization hole burning effect, after adjusting the two PCs, the laser can switch flexibly to output three kinds of different modes from single-wavelength to the triple-wavelength. All lasing lines with a narrow linewidth less than 0.4 nm have the optical signal-to-noise ratio of more than 28 dB.

Stability analysis of a parallel channel-loop system with single-phase natural circulation under asymmetric conditions

Flow instability can cause mechanical oscillations in the equipment as well as periodic changes in the thermal stress, both of which have a great impact on the safety of the reactor. In addition, flow instability can interfere with the control system, making it difficult to capture stable parameters. In this study, to examine the change in the stability of a parallel channel-loop system with natural circulation under asymmetric conditions, the single-loop natural circulation system is taken as the starting point, and the control equations are obtained by using a dimensionless analysis method. The Fourier expansion of displacement term in the control equations is carried out to obtain the Jacobian matrix representing the single-loop natural circulation system. Based on this matrix, the Jacobian matrix model of parallel channel-loop system is constructed. According to the model, the natural circulation stability of parallel channel-loop under different load and resistance difference is analyzed, and the effects of geometric characteristics, coolant and power on the stability boundary under asymmetric condition are examined. The results show that there are two critical Reynolds numbers, and the system becomes unstable when the load difference introduced by the left and right loops is greater than the critical Reynolds numbers. The area of stable region can be increased by increasing the aspect ratio and heating zone length, and reducing the pipe diameter and cooling zone length. Furthermore, the stability boundary of natural circulation is sensitive to the aspect ratio and the length of heating zone. In addition, the stability can be improved within the allowable range of the natural circulation by choosing liquid metal coolant and increasing the pressure drop, and this model cannot accurately describe the changes in the stability boundary at low power. Overall, the above results can serve as useful reference for the design of the parallel channel-loop systems and can be used to improve the stability of natural circulation. The stability boundary can be used to preliminarily judge the stability distribution and the variation trend of the parallel channel-loop system with a certain degree of reliability.

Square-Wave Pulse Passively Mode-Locked Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser With Adjustable Pulse Duration and Amplitude

A passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser with square-wave pulse generation has been demonstrated using a figure-of-eight configuration with two gain mediums respectively located in the left and right loops. In this laser, mode-locking is achieved based on equivalent saturation absorption of a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). The pulse amplitude and width of the square-wave pulse can be continuously extended through controlling pump power of gain mediums in the left and right loops. Moreover, the pulse dynamics and autocorrelation trace reveal the obtained square-wave pulse is a new kind of noise-like pulse, i.e., noise-like square-wave pulse, with capability of supporting higher pulse energy. This find enriches laser pulse dynamics and has important potential applications in laser detection, sensing and other fields.

Önceden Eğitilmiş Çeşitli Derin Sinir Ağları Kullanarak Parmak İzi Örüntü Sınıflandırma

Biometrics technology is very important in terms of security issues like the identification of personal identity. Many solutions have been offered regarding biometric technology such as eyes-iris recognition, face recognition and vein pattern recognition. Moreover, one of the today’s most important authentication methods is fingerprint recognition. Each fingerprint has different pattern of ridges, valleys, deltas and cores. Those pattern types indicate unique fingerprints such as arch, left loop, right loop, tent arch and whorl. The issue of fingerprint pattern recognition is a crucial prior step to speed up the matching process of fingerprint recognition systems. Therefore, an accurate pattern recognition method is always needed, especially for large fingerprint databases. Besides traditional methods, recently, CNN is mostly used for fingerprint pattern recognition and there are many studies in the literature which achieve high recognition rates. In this study, we propose an automated tecnique toward fingerprint classification using various pretrained CNNs Xception and NasNetLarge in order to increase recognition rates. We performed experiments using NIST Special database 4 and we achieved 97.3 98.5% recognition rates respectively, which are the best scores up to now, for four categories: arch, right loop, left loop and whorl. The models was also tested into 5 fingerprint classes which arch and tented arch were seperated as two different classes with the recognition rate of 91.5% and 90.2% respectively.

The value of non-invasive myocardial work indices derived from left ventricular pressure-strain loops in predicting the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Non-invasive left ventricular (LV) pressure-strain loops (PSLs), which are generated by combining LV longitudinal strain with brachial artery blood pressure, provide a novel method of quantifying global and segmental myocardial work (MW) indices with potential advantages over conventional echocardiographic strain data, which suffers from being load-dependent. This method has been recently introduced in echocardiographic software, enhancing the efficiency of MW calculations. This study aimed to evaluate the role of non-invasive MW indices derived from LV PSLs in predicting cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response. A total of 106 heart failure (HF) patients scheduled for CRT were included in the MW analysis. Global and segmental (septal and lateral at the mid-ventricular level) MW indices were assessed before CRT and at a 6-month follow-up. Response to CRT was defined as ≥15% reduction in LV end-systolic volume and ≥1 NYHA functional class improvement at 6-month follow-up compared to baseline. CRT response was observed in 78 (74%) patients. At baseline, the global work index (GWI) and global constructive work (GCW) were significantly higher in CRT responders than in non-responders (both P<0.05). Furthermore, responders exhibited significantly higher mid lateral MW and mid lateral constructive work (CW) (both P<0.001), but significantly lower mid septal MWI and mid septal myocardial work efficiency (MWE) than non-responders (all P<0.01). Baseline mid septal MWE (OR 0.975, 95% CI: 0.959-0.990, P=0.002) and mid lateral MWI (OR 1.003, 95% CI: 1.002-1.004, P<0.001) were identified as independent predictors of CRT response in multivariate regression analysis. Mid septal MWE ≤42% combined with mid lateral MWI ≥740 mmHg% predicted CRT response, with an optimal sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 82% [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) =0.830, P<0.001]. Assessment of MW indices before CRT could identify the marked imbalance in LV MW distribution and can be widely used as a reliable complementary tool for guiding patient selection for CRT in clinical practice.

Resting global myocardial work can improve interpretation of exercise stress echocardiography

Sensitivity and specificity of ESE to determine hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited by subjective qualitative interpretation resulting in false-positive results. The objective of this study was to determine whether resting myocardial work estimated from non-invasive left ventricular pressure-strain loops can help improve the interpretation of exercise stress echocardiography (ESE). Resting global myocardial work was performed on 288 patients referred for clinically indicated ESE with no resting regional wall motion abnormalities and normal ejection fraction (≥ 55%). Coronary angiography was used to validate the presence of significant CAD in those with a positive ESE. Resting global myocardial work index (GWI) was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in patients with true-positive (1544 ± 354mmHg%) compared to negative (1819 ± 317mmHg%) and false-positive (1857 ± 344mmHg%) ESE. A GWI of ≤ 1391mmHg (AUC 0.73; sensitivity 94%; specificity 73%) predicted true-positive ESE. Predictors of a true-positive ESE were (1) lower myocardial work efficiency (odds ratio 0.731, 95% CI 0.58-0.92, p = 0.007), (2) lower GWI (odds ratio 0.997, 95% CI 0.996-0.999, p = 0.006) (3) male gender (odds ratio 5.47, 95% CI 1.84-16.31, p = 0.002) and (4) E/e' ratio (odds ratio 1.15, CI 1.01-1.31, p = 0.032). Myocardial work is a potentially valuable quantitative parameter that provides incremental value over qualitative ESE interpretation and improves appropriate patient selection for coronary angiography.

Quadruple-Wavelength EDF Laser Based on Chirped Fiber Grating and 62.5 μm Multimode Fiber

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel switchable quadruple-wavelength CW erbium-doped fiber laser, using a linear cavity structure. It is composed of two Sagnac loops that act as cavity mirrors in the resonant cavity. The left loop consists of a 3 dB fiber coupler (FC), a squeezed polarization controller (PC), and a chirped fiber grating. The right loop consists of a 10 dB FC, the same PC and a length multimode fiber with a core diameter of 62.5 μm. The two loops based on different operation principles become two comb filters to jointly excite the multiwavelength output. On the role of the polarization hole burning effect, after adjusting the two PCs, the laser can switch flexibly to output fourteen kinds of different modes from a single wavelength to the quadruple wavelength. All lasing lines, with a narrow linewidth less than 0.28 nm, have the optical signal-to-noise ratio of more than 20 dB. The laser with good power uniformity shows better stabilities of the wavelength and peak power.

Estimated left ventricular pressure-myocardial strain loop as an index of cardiac work predicts all-cause mortality in patients receiving regular hemodialysis.

A non-invasive method for left ventricular pressure-strain analysis has recently been introduced to provide information on cardiac work and detect subtler changes in cardiac function. This study aims to verify and construct a novel index that could accurately and independently predict the prognosis of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) receiving regular hemodialysis. Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance hemodialysis (4-h sessions, 3 times weekly for 3 months or more) and who underwent echocardiography between 2009 and 2014 in China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, were enrolled. Conventional (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF) and strain echocardiography parameters (global longitudinal strain, GLS; cardiac work index, CWI) in 102 eligible patients were analyzed and compared. CWI was calculated from estimated LV pressure-myocardial strain loop area. Results show that, while no significant differences were found between LVEF (0.57 ± 0.12 vs. 0.59 ± 0.09, P = 0.27) and GLS (-16.12 ± 6.57% vs. -18.44 ± 5.54%, P = 0.07), deceased patients had significantly lower CWI (1339 ± 683.05 mmHg% vs. 1883.38 ± 640.99 mmHg%, P = 0.0002) than surviving patients. The predictive values defined by area under the curve (AUC) of LVEF, GLS and CWI were 0.499, 0.619 and 0.724, respectively. In conclusion, CWI is an accurately independent predictor of all-cause mortality in ESRD patients receiving regular hemodialysis and may superior to the current predictors such as LVEF and GLS.

The unknown shown by numerical tools: application to right dysfunction

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Ph.D. Research Grant Introduction. Numerical modelling of cardiovascular flows is emerging as a powerful tool when applied to clinical practice, thanks to its capability of describing hemodynamics non-invasively. Among the different approaches, lumped parameters (0D) models present the advantage of describing the complete circulation at low computational cost, with strong stress on cause-effect relationships between the different functional elements and flow/pressure waveforms. 0D models fully express their potentiality when applied to complex physio-pathological conditions. This work applies such an approach to the right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, modelling the case of an equal systolic and diastolic percentage dysfunction, i.e., 60%. The model highlights how the right dysfunction affects the left performances, despite the unaltered left ventricular (LV) functionality. Purpose. Numerical tools may help clinicians in understanding the characteristic features of physio-pathological conditions, clearly differentiating the contributions of single functional elements. Methods. We develop a 0D model of both left and right circulation, in which heart chambers are simulated with the time-varying elastance concept. Ideal diodes associated with resistances are adopted for the heart valves, and the dissipative effects for the vascular beds and elastic properties for the great vessels are considered. The healthy and the RV dysfunction cases are considered, and, for the pathological condition, we impose a 60% right systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Results. Fig. 1 shows an example of the outputs calculated by our model e.g., the pressure-volume (pV) loops which, in the clinical practice, are obtained with invasive measurements. On the right heart, the simulated dysfunction reduces systolic pressures, augments diastolic pressures and causes an enlargement of the ventricle (Fig. 1a). Interestingly, the pathology reflects also on the LV: the left pV loop exhibits a left/downward shift, despite the unaltered functionality (Fig. 1b). Overall hemodynamic variables reported in Fig. 1c confirm that RV dysfunction causes a deterioration of the global hemodynamics, i.e., CVP increases and, SV and CI decrease. Moreover, RV dysfunction reduces not only the RV performances (EFrv), but the well-functioning LV activities (EFlv) as well. These findings strengthen the arising clinical practice of checking the LV performance to understand when it is necessary to intervene, e.g., in the presence of the Tetralogy of Fallot. Conclusion. Numerical models are powerful tools that can help clinicians in understanding the featuring element of a physio-pathological condition. Here, we have shown that RV dysfunction reduces LV functionalities, thus corroborating the emerging idea that optimal timing for intervention in right diseases requires that also the left side circulation is considered. Abstract Figure. Fig. 1.

New algebraic properties of middle Bol loops II

A loop (Q, ·, \, /) is called a middle Bol loop (MBL) if it obeys the identity x(yz\x)=(x/z)(y\x). To every MBL corresponds a right Bol loop (RBL) and a left Bol loop (LBL). In this paper, some new algebraic properties of a middle Bol loop are established in a different style. Some new methods of constructing a MBL by using a non-abelian group, the holomorph of a right Bol loop and a ring are described. Some equivalent necessary and sufficient conditions for a right (left) Bol loop to be a middle Bol loop are established. A RBL (MBL, LBL, MBL) is shown to be a MBL (RBL, MBL, LBL) if and only if it is a Moufang loop.

Can myocardial work indices contribute to the exploration of patients with cardiac amyloidosis?

Identifying poor prognosis is essential to ensure appropriate care among patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) may remain preserved even in advanced stages. Myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) have been shown to be superior to LVEF in predicting survival. Non-invasive myocardial work (MW) is emerging as a new tool integrating deformation and afterload. To explore relationship between MW indices and clinical and biochemical markers; and to compare their prognostic impact with LVEF, GLS, and MCF in a population of patients with CA. Biological parameters, transthoracic echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise were retrospectively analysed in 118 patients with CA. Global work index (GWI) was calculated as the area of left ventricular pressure-strain loop (product of strain × systolic blood pressure). Global work efficiency (GWE) was defined as percentage ratio of constructive work to sum of constructive and wasted works. GWI and GWE were correlated with NT-proBNP ( r = −.477 and r = −.383, respectively, P < .001). GWI was correlated with peak oxygen consumption ( r = 359, P < .05). GWE was better than MCF and LVEF, and GWI was better than MCF to predict mortality. In contrast, MW indices did not add value over GLS. In CA population, MW indices are well correlated with known prognosis markers and are better than LVEF and MCF in predicting mortality.

Basarab loop and the generators of its total multiplication group

A loop (Q; ·) is called a Basarab loop if the identities: (x · yxρ)(xz) = x · yz and (yx) · (xλz · x) = yz · x hold. It was shown that the left, right and middle nuclei of the Basarab loop coincide, and the nucleus of a Basarab loop is the set of elements x whose middle inner mapping Tx are automorphisms. The generators of the inner mapping group of a Basarab loop were refined in terms of one of the generators of the total inner mapping group of a Basarab loop. Necessary and su_cient condition(s) in terms of the inner mapping group (associators) for a loop to be a Basarab loop were established. It was discovered that in a Basarab loop: the mapping x ↦ Tx is an endomorphism if and only if the left (right) inner mapping is a left (right) regular mapping. It was established that a Basarab loop is a left and right automorphic loop and that the left and right inner mappings belong to its middle inner mapping group. A Basarab loop was shown to be an automorphic loop (A-loop) if and only if it is a middle automorphic loop (middle A-loop). Some interesting relations involving the generators of the total multiplication group and total inner mapping group of a Basarab loop were derived, and based on these, the generators of the total inner mapping group of a Basarab loop were finetuned. A Basarab loop was shown to be a totally automorphic loop (TA-loop) if and only if it is a commutative and exible loop. These aforementioned results were used to give a partial answer to a 2013 question and an ostensible solution to a 2015 problem in the case of Basarab loop

Basarab loop and the generators of its total multiplication group

A loop (Q; ·) is called a Basarab loop if the identities: (x · yxρ)(xz) = x · yz and (yx) · (xλz · x) = yz · x hold. It was shown that the left, right and middle nuclei of the Basarab loop coincide, and the nucleus of a Basarab loop is the set of elements x whose middle inner mapping Tx are automorphisms. The generators of the inner mapping group of a Basarab loop were refined in terms of one of the generators of the total inner mapping group of a Basarab loop. Necessary and su_cient condition(s) in terms of the inner mapping group (associators) for a loop to be a Basarab loop were established. It was discovered that in a Basarab loop: the mapping x ↦ Tx is an endomorphism if and only if the left (right) inner mapping is a left (right) regular mapping. It was established that a Basarab loop is a left and right automorphic loop and that the left and right inner mappings belong to its middle inner mapping group. A Basarab loop was shown to be an automorphic loop (A-loop) if and only if it is a middle automorphic loop (middle A-loop). Some interesting relations involving the generators of the total multiplication group and total inner mapping group of a Basarab loop were derived, and based on these, the generators of the total inner mapping group of a Basarab loop were finetuned. A Basarab loop was shown to be a totally automorphic loop (TA-loop) if and only if it is a commutative and exible loop. These aforementioned results were used to give a partial answer to a 2013 question and an ostensible solution to a 2015 problem in the case of Basarab loop.

Association between Dermatoglyphics and Early Childhood Caries among Preschool Children: A Pilot Study.

Context:Primary teeth and dermal ridges form around the same time in utero. Hereditary and intrauterine factors affecting the formation of primary teeth may affect dermal ridge formation also.Aims:This pilot study was conducted to see the association between dermatoglyphics and dental caries among preschool childrenSettings and Design:Cross sectional, case–control design.Materials and Methods:One hundred, healthy preschool children aged 3–6 years attending private kindergarten participated. They were divided equally into caries active and caries free group based on the oral examination. The fingerprint patterns were collected for all the fingers of both hands of children and categorized as loop, whorl or arch for each finger of the right and left hand.Statistical Analysis Used:Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and Independent t-test to compare the dermatoglyphics patterns between the caries-free group and the caries active group for each variable.Results:(1) Dental caries susceptibility of an individual decreases with an increase in the incidence of loop pattern, followed by whorl pattern and arch pattern; (2) Left hand loop was found statistically significant (P = 0.03); (3) Presence of loop pattern in left hand thumb predicts significantly lower risk of caries, whereas the presence of arch pattern in left hand thumb predicts significantly high risk of early childhood caries (P = 0.01).Conclusions:The caries free status of a preschool child increased with the presence of loop on the left thumb.

Early hemodynamic changes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe aortic stenosis measured by invasive pressure volume loop analysis

Replacement of a stenotic aortic valve reduces immediately the ventricular to aortic gradient and is expected to improve diastolic and systolic left ventricular function over the long term. However, the hemodynamic changes immediately after valve implantation are so far poorly understood. Within this pilot study, we performed an invasive pressure volume loop analysis to describe the early hemodynamic changes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with self-expandable prostheses. Invasive left ventricular pressure volume loop analysis was performed in 8 patients with aortic stenosis (mean 81.3 years) prior and immediately after transfemoral TAVI with a self-expandable valve system (St. Jude Medical Portico Valve). Parameters for global hemodynamics, afterload, contractility and the interaction of the cardiovascular system were analyzed. Left ventricular ejection fraction, (53.9% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.018), preload recruitable stroke work (68.5 vs. 44.8 mmHg, p = 0.012) and end-systolic elastance (3.55 vs. 2.17, p = 0.036) both marker for myocardial contractility declined significantly compared to baseline. As sign of impaired diastolic function, TAU, a preload-independent measure of isovolumic relaxation (37.3 vs. 41.8 ms, p = 0.018) and end-diastolic pressure (13.1 vs. 16.4 mmHg, p = 0.015) raised after valve implantation. Contrarily, a smaller ratio of end-systolic to arterial elastance (ventricular-arterial coupling) indicates an improvement of global cardiovascular energy efficiency (1.40 vs. 0.97 p = 0.036). Arterial elastance had a strong correlation with the number of conducted rapid ventricular pacings (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.772, p = 0.025). Invasive left ventricular pressure volume loop analysis revealed impaired systolic and diastolic function in the early phase after TAVI with self-expandable valve for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. Contrarily, we found indications for early improvement of global cardiovascular energy efficiency.

Dual Edge-Fed Left Hand and Right Hand Circularly Polarized Rectangular Micro-Strip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications

Presently a days the remote correspondence framework advancement requires the ease, low profile, insignificant weight radio wire improvement which is cultivated of proceeding with incredible introduction finished a wide recurrence range. The MSPA architecture has facilitated this forward thinking skills trend. Within this paper work a 4.85 GHz circular polarization operating frequency is planned and simulated for RMSPA. The proposed antenna is capable of designing and inducing Left Hand Loop Polarization (LHCP) and Right Hand Loop Polarization (RHCP) using a cross-coupler that is directly attached to the micro-strip antenna to polarize the circular. The proposed paper work working recurrence is 4.85 GHz which is essentially utilized for satellite interchanges, full-time satellite TV organizations. This working recurrence is the IEEE 802.11a variation C band recurrence and this C band recurrence is utilized in Wi-Fi gadgets and Radio LAN. The proposed FR-4 roundabout polarization rectangular miniature strip fix radio wire is 1.6 mm thick. The proposed rectangular micro strip fix radio wire is planned and mimicked utilizing CSTMWS (Computer Simulation Technology Micro Wave Studio) programming. The full or working recurrence of proposed radio wire presents at 4.85 GHz for remote correspondences that gives S boundaries, data transmission and radiation example of Gain and directivity.

Value of territorial work efficiency estimation in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome: a study with non-invasive left ventricular pressure-strain loops.

Non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion require a non-invasive tool to detect LV risk areas. This study utilized non-invasive LV pressure-strain loops to evaluate territorial myocardial work efficiency (WE) for identifying obstructive coronary artery stenosis, in patients with non-obstructive or obstructive coronary artery stenosis NSTE-ACS, the latter with or without occlusion. Global and territorial longitudinal strain (LS) analyses were performed via speckle-tracking imaging before coronary angiography. LV pressure-strain loops estimated global and territorial myocardial work index (MWI), constructive work (CW), wasted work (WW), and WE. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff value of independent parameters to detect obstructive coronary artery stenosis. Compared with non-obstructive, obstructive coronary artery stenosis showed significantly lower global and territorial LS, MWI, CW, and WE, and higher WW. Territorial LS, MWI, CW, and WE were significantly worse in territories of coronary occlusion. Territorial WE was the best parameter for predicting obstructive coronary artery stenosis (AUC 0.80, cutoff < 96%, sensitivity 73%, specificity 70%, P < 0.001). In patients with NSTE-ACS with normal wall motion and LVEF, territorial WE is more accurate than territorial LS or MWI to identify LV risk areas.