Left Lingual Gyrus Research Articles

The relationship between attention and avoidance coping in anorexia nervosa: functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Numerous studies have demonstrated attentional control difficulties and high avoidance coping in patients with anorexia nervosa. Attention is a critical coping resource because it enables individuals to demonstrate self-control and complete goal-directed behaviours. We aimed to examine whether attentional control difficulty is related to high avoidance coping, and investigate the neural underpinnings of attentional control difficulties in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Twenty-three patients with anorexia nervosa and 17 healthy controls completed questionnaires that assessed attention and coping, and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a go/no-go task. Patients with anorexia nervosa showed weaker attentional control, higher omission error rates and higher avoidance coping compared with healthy controls. Attentional control difficulty was associated with higher avoidance coping in both groups. Functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis showed less deactivation in regions representing internal mental processing, such as the praecuneus, cuneus and left lingual gyrus, during the no-go condition. Moreover, weakened deactivation of the left lingual gyrus was associated with higher commission error rate in the anorexia nervosa group. Our results suggest that patients with anorexia nervosa may have difficulty in maintaining attention to external ongoing events because of disturbance from internal self-related thought, and support the notion that attentional control difficulties underlie the frequent use of avoidance coping in anorexia nervosa.

Brain structural alterations in MDD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: Evidence from the REST-meta-MDD project

ObjectiveWhile gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are very common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), few studies have investigated the neural basis behind these symptoms. In this study, we sought to elucidate the neural basis of GI symptoms in MDD patients by analyzing the changes in regional gray matter volume (GMV) and gray matter density (GMD) in brain structure. MethodSubjects were recruited from 13 clinical centers and categorized into three groups, each of which is based on the presence or absence of GI symptoms: the GI symptoms group (MDD patients with at least one GI symptom), the non-GI symptoms group (MDD patients without any GI symptoms), and the healthy control group (HCs). Structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were collected of 335 patients in the GI symptoms group, 149 patients in the non-GI symptoms group, and 446 patients in the healthy control group. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) was administered to all patients. Correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine if there was a correlation between the altered brain regions and the clinical symptoms. ResultsThere were significantly higher HAMD-17 scores in the GI symptoms group than that of the non-GI symptoms group (P < 0.001). Both GMV and GMD were significant different among the three groups for the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left lingual gyrus, bilateral caudate nucleus, right Fusiform gyrus and bilateral Thalamus (GRF correction, cluster-P < 0.01, voxel-P < 0.001). Compared to the HC group, the GI symptoms group demonstrated increased GMV and GMD in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and the non-GI symptoms group demonstrated an increased GMV and GMD in the right superior temporal gyrus, right fusiform gyrus and decreased GMV in the right Caudate nucleus (GRF correction, cluster-P < 0.01, voxel-P < 0.001). Compared to the non-GI symptoms group, the GI symptoms group demonstrated significantly increased GMV and GMD in the bilateral thalamus, as well as decreased GMV in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and bilateral insula lobe (GRF correction, cluster-P < 0.01, voxel-P < 0.001). While these changed brain areas had significantly association with GI symptoms (P < 0.001), they were not correlated with depressive symptoms (P > 0.05). Risk factors for gastrointestinal symptoms in MDD patients (p < 0.05) included age, increased GMD in the right thalamus, and decreased GMV in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and left Insula lobe. ConclusionMDD patients with GI symptoms have more severe depressive symptoms. MDD patients with GI symptoms exhibited larger GMV and GMD in the bilateral thalamus, and smaller GMV in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and bilateral insula lobe that were correlated with GI symptoms, and some of them and age may contribute to the presence of GI symptoms in MDD patients.

Dissociable plasticity of visual-motor system in functional specialization and flexibility in expert table tennis players.

Specialization and flexibility are two basic attributes of functional brain organization, enabling efficient cognition and behavior. However, it is largely unknown what plastic changes in specialization and flexibility in visual-motor areas occur in support of extraordinary motor skills in expert athletes and how the selective adaptability of the visual-motor system affects general perceptual or cognitive domains. Here, we used a dynamic network framework to investigate intrinsic functional specialization and flexibility of visual-motor system in expert table tennis players (TTP). Our results showed that sensorimotor areas increased intrinsic functional flexibility, whereas visual areas increased intrinsic functional specialization in expert TTP compared to nonathletes. Moreover, the flexibility of the left putamen was positively correlated with skill level, and that of the left lingual gyrus was positively correlated with behavioral accuracy of a sport-unrelated attention task. This study has uncovered dissociable plasticity of the visual-motor system and their predictions of individual differences in skill level and general attention processing. Furthermore, our time-resolved analytic approach is applicable across other professional athletes for understanding their brain plasticity and superior behavior.

Effective Connectivity Analysis of Brain Activated Regions during Distracted Driving.

This study aims to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the effective connectivity between the regions of the brain activated when driving and performing a secondary task (addition task). The subjects used an MR-compatible driving simulator ㅊ to manipulate the driving wheel with both hands and control the pedals (accelerator and brake) with their right foot as if they were driving in an actual environment. Effective connectivity analysis was performed for three regions of the right and the left hemispheres with the highest z-scores, and six of the regions of the entire brain (right and left hemisphere) activated during driving by dynamic causal modeling (DCM). In the right hemisphere, a motor control pathway related to movement control for driving performance was discovered; in the left hemisphere, the pathways in the regions related to movement control for driving performance, starting with the region associated with the secondary task, were discovered. In the whole brain, connectivity was discovered in each of the right and left hemispheres. The motor network of declarative memory, which is the connectivity of the right thalamus, left lingual gyrus, and right precentral gyrus, was worth noting. These results seem meaningful, as they demonstrate the connectivity associated with the control of voluntary movement related to memory from human experience, although limited to driving tasks.

Neural correlates of phonology-to-orthography mapping consistency effects on Chinese spoken word recognition

Previous studies have shown that reading experience reshapes speech processing. The orthography can be implemented in the brain by restructuring the phonological representations or being co-activated during spoken word recognition. This study utilized event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and functional connectivity analysis to examine the neural mechanism underlying two types of orthographic effects in the Chinese auditory semantic category task, namely phonology-to-orthography consistency (POC) and homophone density (HD). We found that the POC effects originated from the speech network, suggesting that sublexical orthographic information could change the organization of preexisting phonological representations when learning to read. Meanwhile, the HD effects were localized to the left fusiform and lingual gyrus, suggesting that lexical orthographic knowledge may be activated online during spoken word recognition. These results demonstrated the different natures and neural mechanisms for the POC and HD effects on Chinese spoken word recognition.

Regional brain changes in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

To evaluate functional connection density (FCD) in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON) using the resting functional connectivity (FC) method, and to determine the abnormal areas of brain activity. Patients with DON (n=22; 10 male, 12 female) and healthy controls (HCs; n=22; 10 male, 12 female) were included in the study. The basic characteristics of the groups were matched. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted with participants at rest, and long- and short-range FCD (long FCD and IFCD, respectively) were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also conducted to determine whether DON and HC participants could be distinguished using fMRI indicators. Compared with HCs, the long FCD values of the left lingual gyrus, right lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, and medial and lateral cingulate gyri were decreased in patients with DON. Further, the IFCD values of the left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left cerebellar area 8, and right cerebellar Crus2 area were higher in patients with DON than in the HCs. DON is associated with abnormal spontaneous brain activity. Our findings contribute to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of DON, and provide direction for further clinical research.

Functional brain network reorganization in HIV infection.

To investigate the reorganization of the central nervous system provided by resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI), graph-theoretical analysis, and a newly developed functional brain network disruption index in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Forty HIV-positive patients without neurological impairment and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI at 3T; blood sampling was obtained the same day to evaluate biochemical variables (absolute, relative, and nadir CD4 T-lymphocytes value and plasmatic HIV-RNA). From fMRI data, disruption indices, as well as global and local graph theoretical measures, were estimated and examined for group differences (HIV vs. controls) as well as for associations with biochemical variables (HIV only). Finally, all data (global and local graph-theoretical measures, disruption indices, and biochemical variables) were tested for putative differences across three patient groups based on the duration of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Brain function of HIV patients appeared to be deeply reorganized as compared to normal controls. The disruption index showed significant negative association with relative CD4 values, and a positive significant association between plasmatic HIV-RNA and local graph-theoretical metrics in the left lingual gyrus and the right lobule IV and V of right cerebellar hemisphere was also observed. Finally, a differential distribution of HIV clinical biomarkers and several brain metrics was observed across cART duration groups. Our study demonstrates that rs-fMRI combined with advanced graph theoretical analysis and disruption indices is able to detect early and subtle functional changes of brain networks in HIV patients.

Grey and white matter alteration in euthymic children with bipolar disorder: a combined source-based morphometry (SBM) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study.

Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric condition driving frequent mood swings between periodic extremes of happiness and depression in patients. In this study, a source-based morphometry (SBM) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was utilized to measure the differences in the white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) between euthymic children with BPD and typically developing (TD) children. We adapted both multivariate (SBM) and univariate (VBM) analysis in 20 children with BPD euthymia /remission and compared to the same number of TD age-matched children. The VBM did not reveal any increase in GM and WM voxel values in children with BPD. However, a decrease in the GM voxel values in the bilateral middle frontal and WM voxels in the left hippocampus, left caudate, left orbitofrontal and right inferior parietal cortices was identified. Conversely, SBM analysis in BPD displayed a high GM value in bilateral angular gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal, left supplementary motor area and left middle temporal region, while a low value was observed in left inferior and middle occipital, cerebellum, thalamus, left premotor area and left lingual gyrus. These findings suggested a crucial GM and WM alteration in multiple neural regions in BPD children even during sustained and substantial remission.

Functional connectivity density alterations in middle-age retinal detachment patients.

ObjectiveMiddle‐age patients with retinal detachment (RD) exhibit a loss of visual information, and previous studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have demonstrated abnormal spontaneous activity in the RD brain. Therefore, this study assessed changes in local functional connectivity density (lFCD) and long‐range functional connectivity density (longFCD) in middle‐age RD patients during resting‐state FC.MethodsIn total, 32 middle‐age patients with RD (18 men and 14 women), and 32 age‐, sex‐, and education‐matched normal controls (NCs) (18 men and 14 women) were recruited and underwent functional magnetic resonance examination in the resting state. Two‐sample t test was performed to compare lFCD and longFCD between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to distinguish middle‐age RD patients from NCs.ResultsCompared with NCs, middle‐age RD patients demonstrated increased lFCD values in the right inferior temporal gyrus, and increased longFCD values in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, left superior and middle frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyri, and left cerebellum posterior lobe. Middle‐age RD patient exhibited decreased lFCD values in the left cuneus, right lingual gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. They also had lower longFCD values in the left lingual gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus. ROC curve analysis showed excellent accuracy of the specific areas under the curve.ConclusionOur results reveal that middle‐age RD patients exhibited variations of binarized lFCD and longFCD in specific brain areas, which provides insight into the pathological mechanism of RD patients with acute visual loss.

Electrophysiological correlates of conventional metaphor, irony, and literal language processing – An event-related potentials and eLORETA study

Conventional metaphor, irony, and literal language processing were compared. Thirty right-handed participants (21–34 years) performed a sequential-statement ERP-paradigm. A left-frontal Late Anterior Negative Slow Wave (LANSW, 450–1000 ms) was significantly greater for metaphors and by visual tendency greater for irony, compared to literal statements. A centroparietal N400 (300–450 ms) and a centroparietal right-dominant “Late N400” (450–600 ms) were by statistical and visual tendency greater for metaphors. Left PCC and left lingual gyrus activity was significantly higher in metaphors compared to literal statements (eLORETA; 450–1000 ms). A statistical trend indicated higher parahippocampal gyrus activity in metaphors and ironies. N400 results are discussed considering changing processing techniques and a renewed semantic conflict. The Late N400 was associated with the construct of “associativeness”. The LANSW was related to metaphorical mapping, frame-shifting processes, integration of meanings, and memory processes. eLORETA results were discussed considering metaphorical mapping, creation of mental images, conventionality, valence, memory processes, and divergent thinking.

Voxel-Mirrored Homotopic Connectivity Associated With Change of Cognitive Function in Chronic Pontine Stroke.

Recent neuroimaging studies have shown the possibility of cognitive impairment after pontine stroke. In this study, we aimed to use voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) to investigate changes in the cognitive function in chronic pontine stroke. Functional MRI (fMRI) and behavioral assessments of cognitive function were obtained from 56 patients with chronic pontine ischemic stroke [28 patients with left-sided pontine stroke (LP) and 28 patients with right-sided pontine stroke (RP)] and 35 matched healthy controls (HC). The one-way ANOVA test was performed for the three groups after the VMHC analysis. Results showed that there were significant decreases in the bilateral lingual gyrus (Lingual_L and Lingual_R) and the left precuneus (Precuneus_L) in patients with chronic pontine ischemic stroke compared to HCs. However, in a post-hoc multiple comparison test, this difference remained only between the HC and RP groups. Moreover, we explored the relationship between the decreased z-values in VMHC and the behavior-task scores using a Pearson's correlation test and found that both scores of short-term memory and long-term memory in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were positively correlated with z-values of the left lingual gyrus (Lingual_L), the right lingual gyrus (Lingual_R), and the left precuneus (Precuneus_L) in VMHC. Besides that, the z-values of Precuneus_L in VMHC were also negatively correlated with the reaction time for correct responses in the Flanker task and the spatial memory task. In conclusion, first, the lingual gyrus played an important role in verbal memory. Second, the precuneus influenced the working memory, both auditory-verbal memory and visual memory. Third, the right-sided stroke played a greater role in the results of this study. This study provides a basis for further elucidation of the characteristics and mechanisms of cognitive impairment after pontine stroke.

Neural Correlates of Knee Extension and Flexion Force Control: A Kinetically-Instrumented Neuroimaging Study.

Background: The regulation of muscle force is a vital aspect of sensorimotor control, requiring intricate neural processes. While neural activity associated with upper extremity force control has been documented, extrapolation to lower extremity force control is limited. Knowledge of how the brain regulates force control for knee extension and flexion may provide insights as to how pathology or intervention impacts central control of movement.Objectives: To develop and implement a neuroimaging-compatible force control paradigm for knee extension and flexion.Methods: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safe load cell was used in a customized apparatus to quantify force (N) during neuroimaging (Philips Achieva 3T). Visual biofeedback and a target sinusoidal wave that fluctuated between 0 and 5 N was provided via an MRI-safe virtual reality display. Fifteen right leg dominant female participants (age = 20.3 ± 1.2 years, height = 1.6 ± 0.10 m, weight = 64.8 ± 6.4 kg) completed a knee extension and flexion force matching paradigm during neuroimaging. The force-matching error was calculated based on the difference between the visual target and actual performance. Brain activation patterns were calculated and associated with force-matching error and the difference between quadriceps and hamstring force-matching tasks were evaluated with a mixed-effects model (z > 3.1, p < 0.05, cluster corrected).Results: Knee extension and flexion force-matching tasks increased BOLD signal among cerebellar, sensorimotor, and visual-processing regions. Increased knee extension force-matching error was associated with greater right frontal cortex and left parietal cortex activity and reduced left lingual gyrus activity. Increased knee flexion force-matching error was associated with reduced left frontal and right parietal region activity. Knee flexion force control increased bilateral premotor, secondary somatosensory, and right anterior temporal activity relative to knee extension. The force-matching error was not statistically different between tasks.Conclusion: Lower extremity force control results in unique activation strategies depending on if engaging knee extension or flexion, with knee flexion requiring increased neural activity (BOLD signal) for the same level of force and no difference in relative error. These fMRI compatible force control paradigms allow precise behavioral quantification of motor performance concurrent with brain activity for lower extremity sensorimotor function and may serve as a method for future research to investigate how pathologies affect lower extremity neuromuscular function.

Brain activity alterations in patients with Parkinson’s disease with cognitive impairment based on resting-state functional MRI

This study aimed to investigate the differences in regional homogeneity (ReHo) values in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) and thus explore the neuropathological mechanism of PD-CI. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 36 patients with PD and 20 healthy controls (HCs) in this study. The PD group comprised 20 patients with PD-CI and 16 patients with PD with normal cognitive function (PD-NC). The data were analyzed using ReHo analysis to observe the changes in brain activity in patients with PD-CI and PD-NC. Statistical comparison was performed using covariance analysis and post hoc t tests. The patients in the PD-CI group were older than those in the PD-NC and HC groups. Compared with the HC group, the PD-CI group showed that the ReHo value decreased in the right supplementary motor area, left lingual gyrus, left thalamus, and left precuneus, but increased in the left fusiform gyrus. Compared with the HC group, the PD-NC group showed that the ReHo value decreased in the right cerebellum_6, but increased in the left inferior temporal gyrus, left orbital inferior frontal gyrus, and left precentral gyrus. Compared with the PD-NC group, the PD-CI group showed that the ReHo value decreased in the right precuneus, left triangular inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right opercular inferior frontal gyrus, left orbital inferior frontal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, left angular gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, and right cerebelum_7b, but increased in the left precentral gyrus and left fusiform gyrus. Age was a risk factor for cognitive decline in patients with PD. The ReHo value in the default mode network (DMN) was closely related to PD cognitive function, and the DMN was affected before CI and continuously deteriorated with disease progression. The disorder of visual conduction pathway was involved in CI in patients with PD, but these patients could recruit cognitive resources by improving visual-spatial ability. The cognitive function in such patients was related to the dopaminergic, cholinergic, and noradrenergic systems. The information transmission efficiency of the cerebellum-thalamus-cortex loop was reduced and involved in the cognitive decline process in patients with PD.

Increased links between language and motor areas: A proof-of-concept study on resting-state functional connectivity following Personalized Observation, Execution and Mental imagery therapy in chronic aphasia

A tight coupling of language and motor processes has been established, which is consistent with embodied cognition theory. However, very few therapies have been designed to exploit the synergy between motor and language processes to help rehabilitate people with aphasia (PWA). Moreover, the underlying mechanisms supporting the efficacy of such approaches remain unknown.Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that personalized observation, execution, and mental imagery therapy (POEM)—a new therapy using three sensorimotor strategies to trigger action verb naming—leads to significant improvements in verb retrieval in PWA. Moreover, these improvements were supported by significant activations in language and sensorimotor processing areas, which further reinforce the role of both processes in language recovery (Durand et al., 2018). The present study investigates resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes following POEM in a pre-/post-POEM therapy design. A whole brain network functional connectivity approach was used to assess and describe changes in rsFC in a group of four PWA, who were matched and compared with four healthy controls (HC).Results showed increased rsFC in PWA within and between visuo-motor and language areas (right cuneal cortex—left supracalcarin (SCC) cortex/right precentral gyrus (PreCG)—left lingual gyrus (LG)) and between areas involved in action processing (right anterior parahippocampal gyrus (aPaHC)—left superior parietal lobule (SPL). In comparison to HC, the PWA group showed increased rsFC between the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left thalamus, which are areas involved in lexico-semantic processing. This proof-of-concept study suggests that the sensorimotor and language strategies used in POEM may induce modifications in large-scale networks, probably derived from the integration of visual and sensorimotor systems to sustain action naming, which is consistent with the embodied cognition theory.

Changes in the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation by Resting-State Functional MRI.

IntroductionDapoxetine is considered a first-line treatment for patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (PE), and current researches have showed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that patients with lifelong PE might have abnormal brain function, but differences in brain function before and after administration have not been reported.AimThe aim of this study was to determine some objective differences in brain function between patients with lifelong PE before and after administration and healthy individuals.MethodsIn this study, 17 patients with lifelong PE and 11 healthy controls underwent clinical assessments and resting-state fMRI examination. After 4 weeks of treatment with dapoxetine 30 mg as needed, patients with PE underwent the same fMRI examination again 3 hours after dapoxetine administration.Main Outcome MeasureThe data were preprocessed using a data processing assistant for resting-state fMRI, and voxelwise amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) maps was calculated to identify abnormal neural activity in the brain.Results(a) The ALFF of patients with PE was significantly lower in the bilateral hippocampus and thalamus and higher in the left fusiform and lingual gyrus than that of healthy controls; (b) decreased and increased ALFF in patients with PE recovered after dapoxetine administration.ConclusionWe preliminarily identified the relevant sites by analyzing changes in the ALFF in patients with lifelong PE. Analyzing ALFF changes in the brain by resting-state fMRI is an effective method to study PE, and it might provide a reference for disease diagnosis and future research.Yubo M, Lianjia H, Cuiping M, et al. Changes in the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation by Resting-State Functional MRI. Sex Med 2021;9:100287

The relationship of morphometric changes of the brain with IL-6 levels, systemic inflammation and immune disturbances in the patients with schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic disease characterized by psychosis, behavioral, cognitive and social impairments. It is accompanied by structural and functional changes in the brain. To confirm the significance of morphometric changes, it is important to establish relationships between structural changes in the brain, clinical symptoms, and the level of biomarkers reflecting the pathogenesis of the disease, including immunological markers. The aim of this work was to assess the relationship of interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels with systemic inflammation, immune activation and with the results of neuroimaging in schizophrenia. The study included 60 patients with schizophrenia, 25 healthy volunteers. MRI scanning and the assessment of key immunological parameters was performed. It was found that the patients had significant negative correlations between IL-6 levels and a number of structural MRI indicators. Patients with a marked increase in IL-6 levels (>15 pg / ml) had a reduced mean curvature in the left lingual gyrus and a reduced gyrification index in the left fusiform gyrus compared with the control group. The level of IL-6 was associated with signs of systemic inflammation and immune activation in the patients. Thus, in this work, an immunological profile in schizophrenia associated with an increase in IL-6 and with morphometric changes of the brain was characterized for the first time. In further studies, we plan to evaluate morphometric changes in patients with various immunological phenotypes of schizophrenia, clinical course of the disease, and factors of genetic predisposition.

Neuroimagen estructural y polaridad predominante en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I de Antioquia

IntroductionPredominant polarity (PP) has been proposed as a specifier of bipolar disorder (BD) due to its relationship with clinical and prognostic variables. It is possible that this is due to a different underlying neurobiology, in such a way that the changes found by structural nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) in BD are different and specific. ObjectivesTo explore findings of structural neuroimaging in patients with BD type I (BD-I) according to PP. MethodsCross-sectional study that evaluated 77 patients with BD-I using the DIGS interview. PP was established using the operative definition of two-thirds of all affective episodes throughout life to classify PP as manic (MPP), depressive (DPP) or indeterminate (IPP). MRIwas performed during the euthymia phase to measure intracranial structures. The data obtained was analysed using a linear regression model adjusted for confounding variables (drug use, alcohol use, psychoactive substance use) and were compared between the three groups finding the standardised mean difference (SMD). ResultsDifferences with adequate effect size were found in three brain structures after adjusting for confounding variables, specifically in the right fusiform gyrus and the left lingual gyrus, which were greater in the DPP group than in the MPP group (SMD = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.34 to 1.49 and SMD = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.21 to 1.35). Likewise, in the right thalamus, it was shown to be greater in the IPP group compared to MPP group (SMD 0.89, 95% CI = 0.31 to 1.46). ConclusionsA reduction in the thickness of the right fusiform gyrus and the left lingual gyrus, as well as the right thalamic volume was observed in patients with BD-I with PPM, which supports the hypothesis that PP has a plausible neurobiological correlate and could have potential utility as a BD specifier.

Brain Functional Interaction of Acupuncture Effects in Diarrhea-Dominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine treatment that has widely been used to modulate gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to alleviate the resulting pain. Recent studies have shown that gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by IBS is associated with dysregulation of the brain's central and peripheral nervous system, while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) helps explore functional abnormality of the brain. However, previous studies rarely used fMRI to study the correlations between brain functional connection, interaction, or segregation (e.g., network degree and clustering coefficient) and acupuncture stimulation in IBS. To bridge this knowledge gap, we study the changed brain functional connection, interaction, and segregation before and after acupuncture stimulation for diarrhea-dominant IBS (IBS-D) with the help of complex network methods based on fMRI. Our results indicate that the abnormal functional connections (FCs) in the right hippocampus, right superior occipital gyrus, left lingual gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and the cerebellum, and abnormal network degree in right middle occipital gyrus, where normal controls are significantly different from IBS-D patients, are improved after acupuncture stimulation. These changed FCs and the network degree before and after acupuncture stimulation have significant correlations with the changed clinical information including IBS symptom severity score (r = −0.54, p = 0.0065) and IBS quality of life (r = 0.426, p = 0.038). We conclude that the changes of the brain functional connection, interaction, and segregation in the hippocampus, middle and superior occipital gyrus, cerebellum, and the lingual gyrus may be related to acupuncture stimulation. The abnormal functional connection, interaction, and segregation in IBS-D may be improved after acupuncture stimulation.

Altered Local Gyrification Index and Corresponding Functional Connectivity in Medication Free Major Depressive Disorder.

A lot of previous studies have documented that major depressive disorder (MDD) is a developmental disorder. The cortical surface measure, local gyrification index (LGI), can well reflect the fetal and early postnatal neurodevelopmental processes. Thus, LGI may provide new insight for the neuropathology of MDD. The previous studies only focused on the surface structural abnormality, but how the structural abnormality lead to functional connectivity changes is unexplored. In this study, we investigated LGI and corresponding functional connectivity difference in 28 medication-free MDD patients. We found significantly decreased LGI in left lingual gyrus (LING) and right posterior superior temporal sulcus (bSTS), and the changed LGI in bSTS was negatively correlated with disease onset age and anxiety scores. The following functional connectivity analyses identified decreased functional connectivities between LING and right LING, precentral gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus. The decreased functional connectivities were correlated with disease duration, onset, and depression symptoms. Our findings revealed abnormal LGI in LING and bSTS indicating that the abnormal developmental of visual and social cognition related brain areas may be an early biomarker for depression.

QOL-07. CORTICAL VOLUME AND THICKNESS IN ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS

PURPOSEA brain tumor treatment including cranial radiotherapy has previously been associated with long-term neurocognitive sequelae. Since underlying neurological mechanisms remain inconclusive, we investigated cortical features in childhood posterior fossa tumor survivors.METHODST1-weighted MRI (MPRAGE, resolution=.98x.98x1.2mm) was acquired to investigate the cortical structure in adult survivors of childhood infratentorial tumors (n=19, 15males) (16.4–34.8 years old, >2years after treatment). These scans were compared to age- and gender- matched controls. Supratentorial cortical volume and thickness were investigated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM), respectively. We compared patients and controls, irradiated (n=13) versus non-irradiated patients, and investigated the age at radiotherapy (peak level: p<.001).RESULTSLower GM volumes were encountered in multiple brain areas of patients compared to controls, with the largest clusters in the right and left occipital fusiform gyri. Irradiated patients showed lower GM volumes then non-irradiated patients in the superior and middle frontal gyri, the right supramarginal gyrus and precuneus. Age at radiotherapy was associated with GM volume in the inferior frontal gyrus. SBM yielded larger cortical thickness in patients in the left precuneus, inferior temporal and fusiform gyrus. The opposite effect was only marginally significant, in the left temporal lingual gyrus. Age at radiotherapy was not associated with cortical thickness, but radiotherapy was associated with lower thickness of the left pars opercularis.CONCLUSIONWidespread differences in cortical volumes and thickness were observed in posterior fossa tumor survivors. Both radiotherapy and age at radiotherapy could be suggested as risk factors for long-term cortical development.