Left Grip Strength Research Articles

A Systematic Review of Musculoskeletal Fitness Among Indigenous Populations in North America and Circumpolar Inuit Populations.

North American indigenous populations experience higher rates of obesity and chronic disease compared with nonindigenous populations. Improvements in musculoskeletal fitness can mitigate negative health outcomes, but is not well understood among indigenous populations. This review examines musculoskeletal fitness measures among North American indigenous populations. A total of 1632 citations were evaluated and 18 studies were included. Comparisons of musculoskeletal fitness measures between North American indigenous men and boys and women and girls were generally not reported. The greatest left and right combined maximal grip strength and maximal leg strength among Inuit boys and men and girls and women were observed among 20-29 years age group. Maximal combined right and left grip strength declined from 1970 to 1990, by an average of 15% among adults and 10% among youth. Maximal leg extension among Inuit has declined even further, averaging 38% among adults and 27% among youth from 1970 to 1990. Inuit men demonstrate greater grip strength and lower leg strength than Russian indigenous men, whereas Inuit women demonstrate greater leg strength. Further research is needed to better understand physical fitness among indigenous peoples and the potential for improving health and reducing chronic disease risk for indigenous peoples through physical fitness.

Benefits of exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial of a patient-specific exercise programme.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tend to be more overweight, take less physical exercise, exhibit decreased cardiorespiratory fitness and demonstrate reduced muscle strength compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Impaired cognitive function in RA is an important associated factor, although it has been less well-recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a specifically designed exercise programme on body composition, aerobic capacity, muscle strength and cognition in RA. Sixty-six patients with RA were randomized to a specifically designed, personalized exercise programme or standard care. Assessments included body composition, fitness, grip strength and cognitive testing, in addition to disease related measures. Significant improvements in C-reactive protein (p = 0.025), fatigue scores (p = 0.047) and truncal fat (p = 0.004) were observed in the exercise group compared with controls. Median waist circumference was significantly reduced (94.0 to 91.4cm, p < 0.0001). Improvements were also seen in aerobic capacity (23.2 to 27.6ml/kg/min, p = 0.002) and in median right (12.0 to 13.0kg, p = 0.025) and left grip strength (8.0 to 10kg, p = 0.005). Cognitive function improved in the exercise group, with median Montreal Cognitive Assessment score 25.5 at 0months compared to 28.0 at 3months (p = 0.001). This study demonstrates that exercise has a significant and positive impact on cognitive function in RA. Furthermore, physical activity is safe and effective in chronic inflammatory joint disease and is recommended as a vital component in the holistic management of these patients.Key Points• A dedicated physical exercise programme is feasible and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).• Physical exercise helps reduce fatigue scores and improves cardiovascular fitness in stable RA patients.• Physical exercise has a positive impact on cognition in patients with RA.• A structured exercise programme should be an integral part of chronic disease management protocols for patients with RA.

THE EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM OFF-SEASON CROSS-COUNTRY SKI TRAINING ON BODY COMPOSITION, PHYSICAL FITNESS, AND ISOKINETIC MUSCLE FUNCTIONS OF CROSS-COUNTRY SKIERS

Background and objectiveThe purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of short-term off-season training (competition) on body composition, physical fitness, and isokinetic muscle functions of XC skiers.Material and MethodsSeven XC skiers, including two national team members and five reserve national team members, partici-pated in the study. Short-term off-season XC ski training was conducted for over 4 weeks (August–September). The physical composition, basic physical fitness, and isokinetic muscle function tests were conducted at S hospital in Seoul, South Korea before and after off-season ski training. The training pro-gram was conducted in New Zealand at S cross-country ski stadium (altitude 1350 m) in afternoons, and the ground training was conducted at Y area (altitude 300 m) in afternoons. The main training directions were polarized training and core stability. Weight training was not available because of local conditions.ResultsThe short-term off-season XC ski training showed no differences (p>0.05) in body composition, such as weight, muscle mass, and body fat. There were significant differences (p 0.05) in the antebrachial, femoral, and crural muscles. Basic physical fitness tests showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in strength, flexibility, agility, and balance. However, the power ratio between the right and left grip strength showed significant difference (p 0.05) in both knee extensions before and after training, but, in contrast, there were significant differences (right knee, p 0.05) between before and after training measurements.ConclusionShort-term off-season XC ski training (competition) of 4 weeks increased XC skiers’ cross-section area of the chest and brachial muscle. It also improved the isokinetic muscle function of knee joints and the power of lower body.Our research is expected to provide basic information for XC skiers who plan ski training and compe-tition during summer training period. However, further studies on the differences between roller- skating and ski training conducted during summers are needed.

67 Determine Risk of Fall in Medical Ward: An Exploratory Study

Abstract Introduction Patient fall is very common in hospital. It is the biggest reason of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality. However there were few evidence on risk of fall. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine risk of fall and factor associated. Method A Cross-sectional study has been carried out from 3 January until 7 June 2019. A total number of 151 subject were recruited from selected medical ward. Data on Socio-demographic, medication, medical related history, vision and hearing impairment were collected. The outcome measures used were Hand Grip Strength, Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Berg Balance Score (BBS). Result There were significant difference between risk of fall with balance (p=0.00), right and left grip strengths (p=0.004&amp;0.001), osteoarthritic Knee (p=0.006) and Functional reach (p=0.000). Conclusion The results show greater risk of fall associated with balance, grip strengths, osteoarthritic knee and Functional reach.

12주간의 복합운동이 대사증후군 중년여성들의 신체조성과 건강체력 및 동맥경화지수에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on body composition, health-related physical fitness and atherogenic index in middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome. The combined exercise consisted of aerobic and resistance exercise program 70min/session, 3 days each per week for 12 weeks. The results were as follows. First, in body composition, Weight(p<.001), BMI(p<.001), % Fat(p<.05), and BMR(p<.05) had a statistically significant. Second, health-related physical fitness, Left grip strength(p<.01), Right grip strength(p<.01), 20m run(p<.05), Sit and reach(p<.01), 10m run(p<.05), and Standing jump(p<.01) had a statistically significant. Third, atherogenic risk factor, SBP(p<.01), DBP(p<.05), TC(p<.01), AI(p<.001), Waist circumference(p<.01), HDL-C(p<.01), TG(p<.001), and Glucose(p<.01) had a statistically significant. In conclusion, these findings suggest that combined exercise may represent an effective intervention strategy for body composition and health-related physical fitness and atherogenic index in middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome.

Left arm structure and function late after subclavian flap repair of aortic coarctation in childhood.

Concerns exist over the long-term consequences of subclavian artery ligation in subclavian flap repair for coarctation of the aorta. We sought to analyse upper limb structural and functional performance in adults who have had surgery in childhood for coarctation of the aorta, using either subclavian flap repair or end to end aortic anastomosis. Two-group observational design using anatomical and upper limb functional performance measures. Purposive sampling from our specialist adult congenital heart disease database of patients who received subclavian flap repair or end to end anastomosis for coarctation of the aorta as children. Upper limb measurements were completed using MRI and blood flow velocity with ultrasound imaging. Bilateral standardised upper limb functional testing of assessment of strength, dexterity and a standardised self-report of upper limb disability was completed. Eighteen right-handed patients, 9 with subclavian repair, (38 ± 12 years, 78% males) were studied. Age at repair was 4.7 ± 5.9 years; mean time from initial repair 32 ± 9 years. The subclavian group had a larger difference between right and left when compared the end to end anastomosis group in: lower arm muscle mass (94.5 ± 42.3 mls versus 37.8 ± 94.5 mls, p = 0.008), lower arm maximal cross-sectional area, (5.9 ± 2.8 cm2 versus 2.9 ± 2.6 cm2, p = 0.038) and grip strength (14.7 ± 8.3 lbs versus 5.9 ± 5.3 lbs, p = 0.016) There were no significant functional differences between groups. In adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta, those with subclavian flap repair had a greater right to left arm muscle mass and grip strength differential when compared to those with end to end anastomosis repair.

복합운동이 고혈압 전단계 고령여성의 자립건강체력 및 심혈관계 인자에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to effects of combined exercise on self-reliance health fitness and cardiovascular risk factor in prehypertension elderly women. The subject for the study were 20 elderly women volunteer, over 65 years old, composed of exercise program group (n=10), anexercise group (n=10). All subjects were evaluated pre- and post-test. Combined exercise was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The test data were analyzed by paired t-test and two-way ANOVA, and the alpha level of p.5 was set for all tests of significance.BR The results of this study were as follow: In body composition, Weight(p=.000), Body mass index(p=.000) had a statistically significant. In self-reliance health fitness, Left Grip strength(p=.044), Rightt Grip strength(p=.040), Time up & go(p=.006), Figure of 8 walk test(p=.002) and 2 minute step(p=.013) had a statistically significant. In cardiovascular risk factor, SBP(p=.000), DBP(p=.001), TC(p=.000), TG(p=.007), Glucose(p=.002) had a statistically significant. These findings suggest that prevalence of prehypertension in elderly women, it is considered that the exercise program has a positive effect on the self-sustaining health fitness and the cardiovascular factors, thus positively affecting the elderly

단체줄넘기 운동이 남자중학생의 건강관련체력, 성장호르몬 및 인슐린양성인자(IGF-Ⅰ)에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group jump rope exercise on health-related fitness, growth hormone (GH), and insulin growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) in male middle school students. Twenty students were randomly selected as study subjects. This study is divided into two groups: the jump rope exercise group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The exercise group performed a 50-minute group jump rope exercise program 3 times a week for 12 weeks. And the jump rope exercise consisted of long 8-figure marathon, long 4-leap, and long hopping in and jump the roping together. The control group only performed their regular daily activities. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the difference according to the group and the exercise period. The results showed that the right grip strength and back strength in the jump rope exercise group were further increased when compared to the control group. Jump rope exercise not only significantly decreased body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage(%BF) but also increased left grip strength, muscle endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility. In the result of the hormone analysis, jump rope exercise increased GH concentration in the blood but there is no significant between two groups. IGF-Ⅰ in the jump rope exercise group showed significant increase compared to the control group. In conclusion, this study indicates that a 12 weeks of group jump rope exercise may has positive effects on health-related fitness, GH and IGF-Ⅰ in male middle school students.

Differences in Balance Function Between Cancer Survivors and Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study

Older adults who have survived cancer experience significantly more falls compared with healthy adults. Adult cancer survivors may also have a lower balance function than healthy adults. We examined muscle strength and balance function among 19 cancer survivors and 14 healthy subjects. The mean age of the cancer survivors was 51.5 ± 11.2 years; 6 men and 13 women. Cancer diagnoses included breast cancer, retroperitoneal sarcoma, acute leukemia, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, Ewing’s sarcoma, and tongue cancer. The mean age of healthy subjects was 47.4 ± 14 years; 3 men, 11 women. Muscle strength was assessed using hand grip and knee extensor strength tests. Balance function was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and body sway was tested using a force platform. No significant differences were found with respect to right and left grip strength or right and left knee extension strength between the 2 groups. A significantly higher TUG time was observed in cancer survivors than in healthy subjects (P < .05). With eyes open, the area of the center of pressure was significantly larger in cancer survivors than in healthy subjects (P < .05). Similarly, the length per area was significantly lower both with eyes open and closed for cancer survivors than for healthy subjects (P < .05). TUG was significantly correlated with muscle strength in both groups (P < .05). However, no body sway parameters were related to muscle strength in either group. Cancer survivors had lower balance function that might not have been related to muscle strength. Cancer survivors should be evaluated for balance function as there is a potential for impairment. The findings of this study will be relevant for planning the prevention of falls for cancer survivors.

Balance function in cancer survivors and healthy subjects

Older adults who have survived cancer experience significantly more falls compared with healthy adult subjects. Adult cancer survivors who are not elderly may also have lower balance function than healthy adults. We examined muscle strength and balance function among 19 cancer survivors and 14 healthy subjects. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip and knee extensor strength tests. Balance function was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and body sway was tested using a force platform. No significant differences were found with respect to right and left grip strength or right and left knee-extension strength between the two groups. A significantly higher TUG time was observed in cancer survivors than in healthy subjects ( P < 0.05). With eyes open, the area of the center of pressure was significantly larger in cancer survivors than in healthy subjects ( P < 0.05). Similarly, the length per area was significantly lower both with eyes open and closed for cancer survivors than for healthy subjects ( P < 0.05). Cancer survivors should be evaluated for balance function as there is a potential for impairment. The findings of this study will be relevant in the context of planning for the prevention of falls for cancer survivors.

Changes In Elite Canadian Collegiate Hockey Player’S Body Compositions And Physiologic Tests Across Playing Careers

The combined athletic and academic demands place a significant burden on collegiate hockey players. Numerous cross-sectional studies have been conducted with professional hockey players assessing body composition and skeletal fitness; yet, no research has investigated the longitudinal physiologic changes among elite collegiate athletes. PURPOSE: To examine changes in body composition and physiologic tests across a player’s collegiate hockey career. METHODS: Over three seasons, six elite male Canadian university hockey players (age = 21.35 ± .28 years, weight = 84.53 ± 7.26 kg , height = 179.48 ± 7.60 cm, body fat percentage = 15.55 ± 1.68% at baseline) participated in the study at the beginning of their hockey seasons. All participants underwent physical testing (as outlined in the 2016 NHL combine) and a day after testing, one total body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to measure body composition. RESULTS: A repeated measures ANOVA was used to track body composition and physiologic performance variables over a three-year period. Players gained body weight (1.66 ± 1.96 kg), total body fat percentage (2.83 ± 1.91%), visceral adiposity (.16 ± .15 kg), upper fat mass (1.57 ± 1.20 kg), and lower fat mass (.52 ± .36 kg) (p < .05 for all comparisons). Total and regional lean tissue mass stayed relatively constant throughout their careers. There were no significant changes in agility scores, left grip strength, long jump distance or impulse generated in the vertical jump as all of these assessments stayed relatively consistent throughout the seasons. As players progressed through their careers, they achieved significantly more bench press repetitions, pull-ups, and had higher Wingate peak power scores (p < .05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Pilot findings suggest that as players progress through their collegiate hockey careers, they gain weight, total and regional body fat, and are typically stronger in respects to some fitness tests. With this knowledge, strength and conditioning coaches can work in tandem with food scientists and nutritionists to optimize meal plans in an effort to prevent weight and adipose tissue gain which may enhance on-ice play and player health across their three-year university careers.

Effects of resistance training on body composition and functional capacity among sarcopenic obese residents in long-term care facilities: a preliminary study

BackgroundAging-related loss of muscle and strength with increased adiposity is prevalent among older people in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Studies have shown that people with sarcopenic obesity (SO) are at high risk of declining physical performance. At present, no interventional studies on residents with SO in nursing homes have been conducted in the literature. The objectives of this study include appraising the changes in body composition and physical performance following resistance training among residents with SO in LTC facilities.MethodsThis study used a quasiexperimental research design. Residents who are 60 years of age or above and have been living a sedentary lifestyle in LTC facilities for the past 3 months will be eligible for inclusion. The intervention group engaged in chair muscle strength training twice a week for 12 weeks, whereas the control group underwent the usual care. The main variables were physical parameters of being lean and fat, the strength of grip and pinch, and a functional independence measure using descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, t-test, and generalized estimating equation for statistical analysis through SPSS.ResultsA total of 64 respondents with SO completed the study. After training, total grip strength (p = 0.001) and total pinch strength (p = 0.014) of the intervention group differed significantly from those of the control group. The right grip strength of the intervention group increased by 1.71 kg (p = 0.003) and the left grip strength improved by 1.35 kg (p = 0.028) compared with baseline values. The self-care scores of the intervention group increased by 2.76 points over baseline scores, particularly for the action of dressing oneself. Although grip strength and self-care scores improved more among those in the intervention group, body fat and skeletal muscle percentages did not differ significantly between the groups after training (p > 0.05).ConclusionsResistance exercises for elderly residents in LTC facilities may play an important role in helping them maintain physical well-being and improve muscle strength.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, number NCT02912338. Retrospectively registered on 09/21/2016.

Effects of Enhanced Exercise and Combined Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Chinese Women.

Objective To observe the effects of enhanced exercise and combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation on muscular strength and fracture occurrence in postmenopausal women with a high risk of osteoporosis.Methods Totally 614 postmenopausal women at high risk factors of osteoporosis were enrolled in Dongcheng district of Beijing and randomized into four groups:group A(control group,n=173),group B(regular Tai Chi exercise,n=171),group C(calcium 600 mg/d+VitD3 800 U/d,n=139),and group D[calcium 600 mg/d+25 hydroxyl vitamin D(25OHD) 0.25 μg/d,n=131].Muscular strength was measured at baseline and one and two years after intervention.Bone turnover markers were measured at baseline and during the two-year follow-up.Falls and fractures were recorded.Results The incidence of 25OHD<50 nmol/L was approximately 92.6%.During the follow-up,the left grip strength decreased significantly two years after intervention(t=-3.252,P=0.001)in group A.Right grip strength decreased significantly in group B(t=2.460,P=0.015)while left grip strength improved significantly in group C(t=-2.051,P=0.043)one year after intervention.In group D,muscular strength in both 12-month and 24-month did not change compared with baseline(both P>0.05).Furthermore,serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide elevated significantly in group A(t=-2.962,P=0.004),group B(t=-2.888,P=0.005),and group C(t=-2.441,P=0.016),whereas β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen decreased significantly in group B(t=2.285,P=0.024)and group D(t=2.596,P=0.011)two years after intervention.Conclusion Enhanced exercise and combined calcium vitamin D supplementation may help sustain muscle strength in postmenopausal women,while calcium and vitamin D supplementation may improve muscular strength within a short period of time.

Activity and Fitness in Recreational and Competitive Youth Rock Climbers.

In the search to find activities youth enjoy and to which they will adhere, rock climbing has become increasingly popular; youth climbing teams/programs exist all over the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK). The US has over 800 climbing gyms, with almost 400 in the UK. From a health-related fitness perspective, climbing appears to be a good option for decreasing sedentary behavior and keeping youth active. PURPOSE: 1) To determine if recreational (REC) and elite/competitive (EC) youth climbers meet US DHHS (2008) physical activity guidelines during their climbing gym sessions, and 2) to determine if REC and EC youth climbers differ in estimated energy expenditure (EE), fitness, and body composition. METHODS: Data were collected between 2009-2013 in the US and UK. Thirteen REC (mean age: 10.7 ± 3.3 yrs) and 18 EC (13.8 ± 2.3 yrs) female climbers were assessed; 17 REC (10.6 ± 1.7 yrs) and 22 EC (13.9 ± 1.9 yrs) males were assessed. Heart rate (HR) monitors were used to collect time of activity (mins), average heart rate (AHR), and peak heart rate (PHR) in beats per minute (bpm) during climbing. Energy expended (kcals) during climbing was estimated from the HR data. Health-related fitness was measured via sit and reach (flexibility), pushups (muscular endurance), and right and left grip strength (muscular strength). Body composition (%fat) was calculated from skinfolds using standardized equations. Differences between groups were tested using ANCOVAs, controlling for age. RESULTS: In the REC and EC groups, climbers spent between 73 and 85 mins being active during climbing sessions; the groups did not significantly differ. However, female and male EC climbers, respectively, had higher estimated EE (5.4 ± 1.3 and 6.7 ± 1.7 kcals/min) than female and male REC climbers (3.5 ± 1.4 and 4.3 ± 1.4 kcals/min; p<0.05). Female EC climbers were also stronger than female REC climbers in both right and left grip strength (p<0.01). Once adjusted for age, few other differences existed between REC and EC. CONCLUSION: For all groups, AHR ranged between 120-158 bpm, and the exercise intensity approached moderate levels. REC and EC climbers did not differ on most physical or fitness parameters. Additionally, climbers met US DHSS recommendations for duration of cardiorespiratory activity, but intensity did not consistently meet moderate levels.

8주간의 스마트폰 기반 순환운동이 남자 직장인의 신체구성, 체력 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

This study was designed to examine the effects of 8 weeks of smart phone-based training and traditional group exercise training on body composition, physical fitness, and quality of life (QoL) in male employees. Thirty-nine males, aged 30-40s, were randomly assigned to either smart phone-based training group (SP; n=18) or traditional group exercise training group (GX; n=21). Subjects in SP performed a circuit exercise for 60 minutes/session and three sessions/wk individually utilizing their own smart phone, whereas the subjects in GX performed same exercise with instruction by a personal trainer. Body composition, physical fitness, and indices of QoL were measured and compared between two groups and between two tests. Main results of the study were as follows: 1) Body weight, BMI, percent body fat, fat mass, and WHR decreased significantly in SP, and the variables plus waist circumference decreased significantly in GX. Hip circumference increased significantly in both groups. 2) Left grip strength, plank, push-up, squat, one-leg standing with eyes-closed, and VO2max improved significantly in SP, whereas the variables plus sit-and-reach improved significantly in GX. 3) Regarding QoL, EQ-VAS, CES-D, and PSS improved significantly in SP, whereas EQ-VAS increased significantly in GX. It was concluded that both smart phone-based training and group exercise training were beneficial for improving body composition, physical fitness, and QoL. Group exercise training were more beneficial for improving body composition and physical fitness than smart phone-based training, whereas smart phone-based training were more beneficial for improving QoL than group exercise training.

Physical and Psychological Factors Influencing Fatigue and Quality of Life in Multiple Myeloma Survivors: Preliminary Results from the Mascot Lifestyle Study

Background. With increasingly effective treatments, patients with Multiple Myeloma ('MM') are living longer, but burden of disease and cumulative toxicities of therapy impair quality of life ('QoL') and well-being. Fatigue and bone pain frequently persist long after treatment, and during disease stability. Research in solid cancers indicates that patients who are more physically active have reduced symptom burden, less fatigue and improved QoL. Less work has been done in MM, partly due to the older and frailer patient group, and the high prevalence of osteolytic bone disease and fracture risk. The MASCOT survivorship study aims to explore the main determinants of fatigue and QoL in patients who have completed chemotherapy, with particular emphasis on bone pain, physical fitness and strength.Methods. Multivariable linear regressions were performed between: 1) fatigue and measures of physical health and fitness and 2) each of 6 measures of QoL as outcome variables (fatigue, emotional well-being, functional well-being, global well-being, EQ5D QoL, and overall health status) with each of pain, depression and anxiety; all adjusted for age, sex, time since treatment, Hb, fat body %, fat trunk %, BMI, VO2peak, left grip strength, right grip strength, left leg muscle strength, right leg muscle strength, and muscle mass. Results are shown as regression coefficients B (change in fatigue score for 1 unit increase in physical health or fitness; or a change in QoL for 1 unit increase in pain, depression or anxiety).80 patients aged 36-78 years (male, n=46), were studied at median 13.5 months (range 2-161) since last treatment. Physical health and cardiovascular fitness were assessed using objective measures: % body and trunk adiposity, muscle mass, body mass index (TANITA scales), VO2peak (CPET on a cycle ergometer), leg muscle strength and grip strength. The presence of bone pain was self-reported and evaluated in a clinical consultation. Standardised questionnaires were used to assess mood (HADS), fatigue (FACIT), functional and emotional well-being (FACT-G) and health related QoL (EQ5D). Higher scores on FACT-G and FACIT, health status scales and lower scores on HADS and EQ5D indicated better quality of life.Results. We investigated the influence of physical fitness on levels of fatigue, using multivariable regression. We found that higher levels of fatigue were associated with higher BMI (B = -1.28, CI =-2.28 to -0.28, p=0.013) and greater left leg muscle strength (B=0.16, CI=0.003 to 0.32, p=0.046) were linked to lower levels of fatigue independent of sex, age, time since treatment, pain and all other indicators of physical fitness.We observed that pain was associated with more fatigue (B = -6.80, CI = -11.45 to -2.15, p=0.005), decreased well-being (emotional: B = -1.92, CI =-3.50 to -0.35, p=0.018; global: B = -2.55, CI -4.59 to -0.51, p=0.015), decreased health related QoL (B =1.34, CI=0.42 to 2.26, p=0.005) and worse depression (B = 1.37, CI=-0.01 to 2.74, p=0.05), even when adjusting for sex, age, time since treatment and physical health and fitness.Depression was found to be an independent predictor of QoL with higher depression scores associated with greater fatigue (B = -2.52, CI=-3.09 to -1.96,p=<0.001), decreased emotional (B=-0.52, CI=-0.77 to -0.26, p<0.001), functional (B=-1.39, CI=-1.88 to -0.90, p<0.001) and global well-being (B=-0.96, CI=-1.24 to -0.67, p=<0.001), decreased health related QoL (B=0.30, CI=0.15 to 0.45, p<0.001) and health status (B= -3.07, CI=-4.36 to -1.78, p<0.001), and higher levels of anxiety (B=0.81, CI=0.54 to 1.08, p<0.001). Higher anxiety was also associated with greater fatigue, decreased emotional, functional, and global well-being, decreased health related QoL and health status, with similar strength of correlations to those found between depression and QoL.Conclusions. Our findings confirm the important contribution of physical fitness to fatigue and QoL in these patients. Regardless of physical fitness status, however, the presence of pain and impaired psychological health remain independent drivers of fatigue and diminished QoL. Research involving exercise programmes designed to improve physical strength and fitness combined with effective pain management and psychological support are needed to provide the evidence base for much needed rehabilitative interventions. DisclosuresYong:Autolus Ltd: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties: APRIL based chimeric antigen receptor; Janssen: Research Funding.

Effects of early pulmonary rehabilitation for AECOPD patients with respiratory failure

Objective To explore the effects of early pulmonary rehabilitation for AECOPD patients with respiratory failure using mechanical ventilation. Methods A total of 42 AECOPD patients with respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU from December 2013 to July 2015 were randomly divided into rehabilitation group and control group.The patients of the control group received routine care and nursing.While the patients of the rehabilitation group received pulmonary rehabilitation under the mechanical ventilation on the basis of the control group.The MIP, CPIS score, left and right hand grip strength of the two groups at the same time periods at the 1st, 7th and 14th day under the mechanical ventilation treatment were compared.The mechanical ventilation time, time in ICU and hospitalization costs of the two groups were observed and recored. Results There was no obvious difference in therms of the MIP, CPIS score, grip strength of left and right hand at the same time period at the 1st day under mechanical ventilation between the two groups(P>0.05) . The MIP, grip strength of left and right hand of rehabilitation group at the 7th and 14th day after early pulmonary rehabilitation were better improved (P 0.05). There were significant differences in terms of the mechanical ventilation time, time in ICU and hospitalization costs between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that early pulmonary rehabilitation for AECOPD patients with respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation is safe and feasible.The pulmonary rehabilitation can maintain and increase the patients' grip strength, shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and reduce hospitalization costs. Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Respiratory failure; Pulmonary rehabilitation

The Analysis of Certain Differences in Motor Skills of Sedentary Male Children in the 9-14 Age Group Based on the Biological Maturity

The aim of this study consists of the analysis of certain differences in motor skills of male children who are sedentary and in the age group of 9-14, in relation to the biological maturity. 522 sedentary male children from various parts of Turkey participated in this study. Body height and body weight measurements were taken from the participants in order to determine their body mass indexes while finger grip strength, hand grip strength, standing long jump test, med ball throwing test, flexibility test (sit-reach), active jump test, anaerobic power test, 20 meter sprint, pro-agility test and 20 meter shuttle run tests were applied in order to determine certain motor skill levels of the participants. The motor skill levels of the participants were noticed to show significant differences generally based on the age groups (p<0.05). The biological maturity levels of the participants were determined to be a factor which significantly affected the performances of the participants in aerobic durability, right and left hand grip strength, right and left finger grip strength, flexibility, med ball throwing, standing long jump and sargent jump (p<0.05). On the other hand, the findings regarding the speed performances were observed to show conflicting results, therefore biological maturity was found not to be a determinant over the 20 meter speed performance. As a result, certain motor skill differences in relation with biological maturity were observed in the sedentary male students of the 9-14 age group. Therefore, it can be stated that in order to reach reliable results, considering the biological maturity levels of the students along with the obtained test scores in sports skills qualification tests can be beneficial.

Retraction: The Effects of Visiting Exercise Program and Telecoaching for Physical Activity Promotion on Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of visiting exercise program and telecoaching for physical activity promotion on physical fitness such as grip strength, static equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium and quality of life in the frail elderly who are receiving home visiting nursing care. Methods: The subjects were 25 of the control group, 27 of experimental group A (visiting exercise) and 29 of experimental group B (visiting with telecoaching). The visiting exercise program and visiting with telecoaching was carried out 14 times for 24 weeks. The collected data were analyzed by x 2 test and ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: After carrying out the program, both experimental group had significantly more improvement in right grip strength (F=10.12, p<.001), dynamic equilibrium (F=8.70, p<.001) and quality of life (F=2.46, p<.001) but there was no significant difference between two experimental groups. Also, there was a significant difference in left grip strength (F=4.08, p =.021) between visiting exercise group and control group. However, the static equilibrium among the groups was not significantly different (F=2.49, p<.089). Conclusion: In this study, the visiting exercise program and visiting with telecoaching for physical activity promotion was effective and safe for the frail elderly who are receiving home visiting nursing care.

Somatotype Components, Aerobic Fitness and Grip Strength in Kuwaiti Males and Females

Introduction and Objective: We investigated the association of endo-, meso- and ecto-morphic components of somatotype with aerobic power, mid-trunk flexibility and grip strength. Methods: Healthy male (n = 226) and female (n = 86) subjects, aged 9 - 55 years, sedentary (n = 154) or participating in sports (n = 158) were studied. Anthro-pometrics (height, weight, 8 skin folds, arm and calf circumferences, elbow and knee diameters), maximal exercise O2 uptake, mid trunk flexibility, right and left grip strength were measured. Results: Sedentary adult females were endomorphic with mesomorph tendency, and had low aerobic power (27.8 ± 0.6 ml/Kg·min) and low (48.7 ± 1 Kg) grip strength. Sedentary males (young and adults) and Sports adult males were mesomorph with endomorphic tendency. Sports junior males were balanced mesomorph. Aerobic power was 54.1 ± 0.9 ml/Kg·min in sports young males, 53.8 ± 0.9 ml/Kg·min in sports adult males, 41.2 ± 4.3 ml/Kg·min in sedentary young males, and 39.5 ± 1 ml/Kg·min in sedentary adult males. Grip strength was 89.9 ± 1.7 Kg in sports adult males, 86.7 ± 2 Kg in sedentary adult males, 75.6 ± 2.2 Kg in sports junior males and 52 ± 9.1 Kg in young sedentary males. Step-wise multiple regression analysis of somatotype components on aerobic power revealed dominant negative contribution (P 2 = 0.57, 57%), and small but significant positive contributions of mesomorphy (0.6%) and ectomorphy (0.6%): Aerobic power = [56.1 - 4.3 (endomorphy) + (mesomorphy) + 1.4 (ectomorphy)] ± 9.1 SEE. Height and somatotype components accounted for 69% of the variance (R2) in grip strength; height had greatest contribution (60%): Grip Strength = [1.7 (Height) - 6.5 (ectomorphy) - 3.4 (endomorphy) - 2 (mesomorphy) - 200] ± 12.9 SEE. Measured variables accounted for <2% of flexibility variance. Conclusion: Endomorphy contributes greatly and negatively to variance in aerobic power. Body height was the anthropometric variable with the greatest positive association with the variance in grip strength. Flexibility appears to be unrelated to somatotype components.