Left-Bank Ukraine Research Articles

ANTROPONYMICS OF PEREYASLAV CRAFTSMEN IN THE 1760s

The article deals with the surnames and names of the Pereyaslav craftsmen. The analysis of personal names was made on the basis of the General Description of Left-bank Ukraine or Rumyantsev Register, conducted in 1766. The masters of 19 professions lived at that days in the city. Surnames of Ukrainian burghers were only fixed in the second half of the 18th century. All names of persons in Rumiantsev Register from Pereyaslav were two-lettered.According to the lexical-semantic basis, the surnames caт be divided into six groups:- surnames by occupation type (25,6 %);- anroponymic surnames by Christian name (24 %);- surnames on individual signs of a person (21,8%);- surnames formed on the basis of different household names (12,8%);- surnames formed on the basis of animals, fish, insects (8,5%);- surnames by toponyms or ethnonyms (4,5%).The first group was dominating. The surnames of craftsmen more depended on the profession, than surnames of other urban residents. In addition to cases where the first principle is interpreted unambiguously, the explanation of some surnames origin can only be hypothetical. In most cases, they directly pointed out the artistic occupation of the carrier or represented the professional appellatives fixed in the second generation. A group of masters, who bared a professional surname, but not of their specialty, was outlined. Most of them were butchers and tailors, and the least among this group were fullers and bonders. The surname, which at first glance is directly related to the production activity, could be fixed to the owner for other reasons. For example, a person did not produce goods, but traded in them.The names of all the Pereyaslav craftsmen were based on the Christian calendar name. The most common name is Ivan (12.7%). The prevalence of the names Kuzma and Demyan, who, by some ethnographers, could be holy patrons of shoemaker’s guild, was also considered. In 1766 foreigners were not registered among the Pereyaslav craftsmen.

HISTORIOGRAPHIC ASPECT OF STUDYING THE HISTORY OF HETMANATE BY ODESA RESEARCHERS OF THE 19TH – FIRST THIRD OF 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE MATERIALS FROM THE FUNDS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY OF ODESA I. I. MECHNIKOV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY)

The article analyzes the contribution of A. Lovshyn (Levshyn), A. Skalkowski, A. Markevych and M. Slabchenko to the study of one of the constituents of the Cossacks period – the Hetmanate, which existed in the left-bank Ukraine in the 17th – 18th centuries. These scientists’ lifes were associated with the southern region and in particular with the Novorossiya University (now Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University). Their works can be found in the Scientific library of this university.Among the brightest personalities who started the traditions of studying the history of Hetmanate in the South of Ukraine Oleksii Lovshyn (Levshyn) should be mentioned – the youngest mayor of Odesa in history. He was the founder, active correspondent and editor of the newspaper «Odesa Bulletin». He also initiated creating in Odesa the first in Ukraine public library. In this article we analyze «Letters from the New Russia», one of his ethnographic notes with descriptions of local customs.Along with the Odesa mayor, the history of Hetmanate was explored by Apollo Skalkowski, who was the keeper and classifier of the Sich Archives for almost 60 years. In the context of this article the sources relating to the correspondence of the Kosh and the Hetmanate or the ones that had been written by the Hetmanate’s leaders and were used by Apollo Skalkowski in covering the relations of the Hetmanate with the Zaporizhian Sich are the most valuable to us. On the basis of the worked out sources the historian published a number of scientific studies, which we will consider in details («Chronological review of the New Russia 1730–1823», «History of New Sich or the last Zaporozhian Kosh»).Oleksii Markevych (Markovych) also dedicated certain aspects of his scientific studies to Hetmanate’s history. He was a free listener at the History and Philology Faculty of Novorossiya University at the beginning of the 1860’s and later made a pedagogical and scientific career here. In this article we considered such scientist’s works as «Markovychs», «South Russia during the reign of Peter the Great» and «South Russia during the reign of Catherine II».The figure of the prominent Odessa scientist Mykhailo Slabchenko, who left after him great works on Cossacks where he considered the legal and social-economical history of the Hetmanate, also attracts attention. In this article we will consider some of the scientific works of M. Slabchenko from the fund of the Scientific library, in particular from the Department of rare books and manuscripts. (F. Petrun’s collection).

Implementation of the ray equipment in state, municipal and country medical establishments of the Left bank Ukraine (1900-1919)

The process of X-ray equipping of the medical facilities with different subordinated in the pre-Soviet period is discussed in the article. There were determined and clarified the dynamics and peculiarity of this process, the opening dates of the first X-ray cabinets in the cities of the Left-bank Ukraine.

Monograph Review: Transformations of the Ceramic Art Ornamentation in the Traditional Culture of the Left-Bank Ukraine (end of 7th millennium bc - 19th century)

Monograph Review: Shcherban A. L. Transformations of the Ceramic Art Ornamentation in the Traditional Culture of the Left-Bank Ukraine (end of 7th millennium bc - 19th century) / A. L. Shcherban. — Kharkiv : the Publication Printer Olexander Savchuk, 2017. — 328 p.

The Ornamentation of Ceramics of the Left-Bank Ukraine as a Semiotic System (The History of Studies)

The Ornamentation of Ceramics of the Left-Bank Ukraine as a Semiotic System (The History of Studies)

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІСТОРІЇ КОЗАЦТВА У ПРАЦЯХ В. АНТОНОВИЧА ТА М. ВАСИЛЕНКА

The article analyzes the scientific work of Kiev University professors V. Antonovych and M. Vasylenko concerning the history of the Cossacks. The commonality of scientists’ opinions on the causes of the appearance, aspects of the creation and formation of the Cossacks, as well as the causes of decline and the further split of the Hetmanate are determined. The Antonovych’s critical attitude to the hypothesis about the origin of the Cossacks is noted. It is indicated that biographical information about Haidamachian leaders is of interest. The important researches of Vasylenko concerning the history of the left-bank Ukraine and the recognition of the Cossacks as the saving force of Orthodoxy are determined. The emphasis is on the similarity of the views of both historians on the causes of the decline and further split of the Hetmanate. The author’s thoughts about the activities of the people’s leaders are highlighted.

The Reorganisation of the Police in Left-Bank Ukraine: from a Public Officers’ Project to an Imperial Order

The goals and results of the Little Russian police reform were determined by the fact that the imperial Russian centre lacked awareness of the realities of life in Left-bank Ukraine and the Enlightenment-inspired ideas of rationalising administration processes. The article analyses proposals for the reorganisation of the police prepared in connection with the establishment of the Collegium of Little Russia (1764‒1765) and elections to the Legislative Commission (1767‒1768). The article describes the positions of representatives from the imperial centre (Governor-general Rumyantsev’s entourage) and regional elites (the gentry and burghers) on the police issue. Minor reforms were planned in an undated secret instruction to Pyotr Rumyantsev and his report from 18 May 1765. The full-scale programme involved a change in administrative-territorial divisions, the creation of new police structures and principles of interaction with local elites, and police activity that would encompass the entire territory and population of Left-bank Ukraine. The programme appeared in the undated and unauthorised document entitled Some Notes on Little Russia (presumably from November‒December 1764) and in an instruction from the Little Russian Collegium to the Legislative Commission. The author demonstrates that a limited number of proposals for the reorganisation of the police of Left-bank Ukraine were approved, but he also emphasises their possible influence on the Constitution for the Administration of the Provinces of the Russian Empire (1775).

Товариства взаємодопомоги на Лівобережній Україні (друга половина ХІХ – початок ХХ ст.)

Товариства взаємодопомоги на Лівобережній Україні (друга половина ХІХ – початок ХХ ст.)

Concerning the review of Tatyana Tairova-Yakovleva on the edition «Correspondence of the Hetmans of Left-bank Ukraine with Moscow and St. Petersburg 1654–1764»

Concerning the review of Tatyana Tairova-Yakovleva on the edition «Correspondence of the Hetmans of Left-bank Ukraine with Moscow and St. Petersburg 1654–1764»

“What shall we do with Ukraine?”: Stanisław Lesczyński and Hetman Mazepa in 1705

In 1705, during the Northern War, Stanislaw Leszczynski, who had been elected king of Poland with the support of Sweden, tried to secure the loyalty of Ivan Mazepa, the Ukrainian hetman. The article considers previously unstudied primary sources, introducing such documents as the plan for political reforms in Ukraine that emerged in the immediate milieu of Stanislaw Lesczynski, and the record of the interrogation of his agent, Franciszek Wolski, who was sent to Mazepa. Referring to these documents and to previously unknown correspondence between Mazepa and the Russian head of foreign affairs Fyodor Golovin, the author reconstructs the position of the pro-Swedish part of the Polish elite towards Ukraine and Wolski’s secret diplomatic mission. The latter was sent to Zamośc at the beginning of October 1705. The secret instruction he was given was published in the 19th century, but we can now analyse it in light of new information about the verbal offers Wolski made to Mazepa. The author demonstrates that the verbal promises to keep Little Russia as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under Mazepa’s rule and to appoint Mazepa as prince of Chernigov did not correspond to Polish-Swedish written obligations. Stanislaw Leszczynski and his aids asked the Swedish court to transfer Left-bank Ukraine to the direct rule of the Polish king in case Russia ceded it. Considering this fact, it may be concluded that the Polish side tried to avoid any written declarations to Mazepа about keeping Ukraine under his rule after joining Charles XII and his Polish ally. It is very important that Mazepa completely denied any cooperation with Leszcznsiki and the Swedish king even before he got the originals of the secret documents that Wolski left in Lublin. Moreover, the investigation of the event, and the interrogation of Wolski in particular, were carried out under the observation and control of Russian officers at the hetman’s headquarters. It proves that at the time Mazepa had no plans to support Leszczynski or Charles XII, staying loyal to the tsar as before.

Family Structures and Population of Craftsman Households in Cossack Ukraine in the Second Half of the 18th Century

This article focuses on the history of the family and households in eighteenth-century Ukraine. The aim of the article is to observe the demographical characteristics of craftsman guild families and households in the Cossack Hetmanate (an autonomous Cossack territory situated on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River) in the cities of Poltava, Pereiaslav and Nizhyn. Calculations are based on the General Description of the Left-bank Ukraine of 1765–1766. In the article, population size indicators for the artisan households and their families are established. Family household types are defined on the basis of works by Peter Lasslett and Cezary Kuklo. Craft specialization is taken into account for clarifying the influence of the occupation on the size of the households and family household types. The calculations were made separately for the crafts that were the most widespread in all the cities: weaving, blacksmithing, tailoring, shoemaking and butchering.

THE URBAN COMMUNITIES OF THE LEFT-BANK UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD OF MODERNIZATION OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Changes in dynamics and structure of urban population of the Left-bank Ukraine in the second half of the ХІХ century are analyzed in the article. The regional peculiarities of the ethnonational and social composition of urban population are shown. The urban community is characterized as being the overwhelming majority of the population of cities and towns of the Left-bank of Ukraine. The types of occupations of urban citizens and their place in the social hierarchy of the city are outlined. The main religious groups in the cities of left-bank Ukrain and their impact on the community life are considered. Common features and regional peculiarities in the formation of city self-government bodies, the percentage of population that took part in the formation of self-government bodies are presented. Based on the use of the method of historical statistics, the educational level of urban residents who participated in the activities of self-government bodies, are determined. The reasons for the ineff ectiveness of self-governing bodies are stated.

«Neolithic Revolution» in Archaeology of Ukraine at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Due to a significant replenishment of the sources at the beginning of the 21stcentury, there was a change of conceptions on the Neolithization process on the territory of Ukraine. The south-east version of neolithization of Ukraine, which was well-known at the second half of the 20th century with the name of «eastern stock breeding impulse», was not confirmed. On the other hand, there are numerous archaeological, palaeozoological and palaeobotanic data in behalf of south-western variant of neolithization of Ukraine. Ukraine, and first of all the Dnipro right bank territory, switched to the Neolithic at the end of the 6th - 5th millennia BC (cal.), the way the whole Central Europe did. It happened in the mode of «balkanization» due to the four main waves of the Neolithic farmers-colonists from the Balkans and the Danube River region: 1) Hrebenyky culture (the second half of the 7th millennium BC); 2) Criș (the first half of the 6th millennium BC); 3) Linear Pottery culture (second half of the 6th millennium BC); 4) Cucuteni-Trypillia (the 5th millennium BC). As in Central Europe, on territory of Ukraine, there were two types of the Neolithic: north-eastern woodland and south-western agriculture and cattle breeding ones. To the south-west province of the Neolithic in Ukraine included farmers and cattle breeders of the Criș, Linear Pottery, and Cucuteni-Trypillia cultures, genetically related to the Neolithic of the Balkans and the Danube region. The woodland Neolithic of the region covers the cultures of indigenous hunters and fishers, who were already acquainted with clay ware, but did not yet own the skills of productive economy. They were the Dnipro-Donetsk, Pit-Comb Ware, Volynian, Surska, Donetsk, and Tash-Air cultures. The earliest in Ukraine reliable traces of substantiated economy are observed in the Körös culture materials of Zakarpattia region (first part of the 6th millennium BC (cal.)) and the Linear Pottery culture of Volyn and Dnister region (second half of the 6th millennium BC (cal.)). Finally, in the 5th millennium BC, the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture population arriving from the south-west to Neolithic Ukraine completely neolithizated the Right-Bank forest-steppe region from the Carpathians to the Dnipro River. The Buh-Dnister culture (BDC) developed under the Criș culture’s influence from Moldova territory between the Dnister and the South Buh Rivers in the middle of the 6th millennium BC (cal.). Pressed by the new migration waves of the farmers from the Danube region (Linear Band Pottery and Cucuteni-Trypillia), the BDC bearers moved aside in the north-east direction in Kyiv and Cherkasy Dnipro regions, where the Dnipro-Donets culture appeared at the end of the 6thmillennium BC (cal.). The historical value of the Trypillia culture for the Ukrainian prehistory is in final victory of production economy on the Dnipro’s right bank first, and later, on the south of Left-Bank Ukraine. In fact, the population of the Black Sea steppe region, the Sea of Azov, and Donbas regions obtained the first skills of cattle breeding and agriculture from the Trypillians in the 5th and the 4th millennia BC (cal.). These Neolithic innovations from Trypillia to the steppe Eneolithic of the Black and Azov Seas regions were provided by so called «steppe Trypillia», known by the burials of Zhyvotyliv-Vovcha type. Consequently, the Neolithic of Ukraine is not an exception from the whole-European context. Right-Bank Ukraine was neolithizated synchronously with Central Europe as a result of colonization by the oldest farmers-colonists from the Danube region in the 6th-5th millennia BC (cal.). While in the 5th-4th millennia BC, Neolithic innovations from forest-steppe of Right-Bank Ukraine spread northward to Polissia and to the east and south-east of Ukraine. At the beginning of the 21st century, there was a change of conceptions of neolithization of the region in archaeology of Ukraine. The old south-west conception was replaced by the south-western one which corresponds to a general-European vision of the Neolithic revolution in Central Europe by its colonization in the 7th-5th millennia BC by the Neolithic farmers from the Balkans through the Danube region

The Expansion of the Blackbird, Turdus Merula (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Abstract The distribution of Turdus merula in the steppe zone of Ukraine is studied. The expansion of its range occurred in the steppe zone in artificial forestations, many of which have been established as early as the second half of the 19th century. However, the Blackbird expansion in the steppe zone of the Left-bank and Right-bank Ukraine started only in the middle of the 20th century, and in the Crimean steppe zone only to the end of the 20th century. Now, the southern border of this species’ range in the Left -bank Ukraine is almost at the northern coasts of the Black and Azov seas. In the Right-bank Ukraine its range is already at the seashore. In the Crimean steppe zone, the range expanded to the North of the forests of mountainous Crimea. The Blackbird populations farthest from the mountainous forests are found in artificial forest plantings at the northern and eastern borders of the peninsula. The species is absent from the western and north-western steppes of the Crimea.

On the Black Stork records in the south of Left-bank Ukraine

Over the last 40 years in the south of Left-bank Ukraine a small number of Black Storks (Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus,1758)) is regularly recorded in the period of migrations and movements, and several pairs are supposed to breed in the mountainous Crimea. No regularities of spatial distribution within the studied region were revealed that indicates a wide front passage of the species through it. Almost all records (88,7% of birds and 86,7% of observations) were in the season of autumn migrations 44,0% and 51,7% - in august, 43,0% and 26,7% - in september, and 1 ?7% and 8?3% - in october.

The artistic interests of St. Vladimir University students: Theatre (1834-1863)

Research works devoted to the students of St . Vladimir University usually highlight either specific features of the educational process or some aspects of their everyday life. Student‘s artistic interest has been studied to the lesser extent . The article depicts the place of theatre in the life of St . Vladimir University students in the years 1834-1863. The author points out that the interest to the theat re developed under the influence of the region’s artistic tradition. Therefore specifics of Right- and Left-bank Ukraine’s theatr ical life is analyzed in the article as well . Special attention i s paid to Kyiv as the centre of theatric al life of the region. Performances in Kyiv theatre sustained a romantic tradition. The nobles were the main spectators of the Kyiv theatre. The peak of the theatrical season in Kyiv fell on the period of Сontract Fair which took place annually in the second half of January. Students were a part of the the city's theatre audience. It was an important part of their leisure. The students patterned after popular trends in the theatrical life of Kyiv in their amateur performances. Initially, they performed in their apartments. Afterwards, in the 1850's students started to play in the University ’s hall and on the stage of the city theatre. Entrance to the student performances required a fee . The student actors received significant profits for their performances which were spent for the needs of the poorest fellows. The performances favoured the consolidation of the student corporation in the first half of the 1850’s. Soon afterward s the students’ theat re revealed a national divisions among students of Saint Vladimir University. Polish students were especially active. At the same time, participation in performances was a demonstration of the students ’ self-expression and one of the ways to become popular among their colleagues and the public. Key words: students, St. Vladimir University, theatre

УКРАЇНСЬКА ЦЕРКОВНА ЕЛІТА У ФОРМУВАННІ МУЗИЧНИХ ОСЕРЕДКІВ ПРИ ДУХОВНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ ГЕТЬМАНЩИНИ

For a long time, the creative heritage of many singers and composers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which was created at Hetman residences, churches and monasteries remained insufficiently explored, and partly unknown. In recent decades a number of works by domestic musicologists have been published, which largely filled this gap. Works mainly concern secular music or some of the most well-known composers who wrote spiritual music. At the same time, the scope of the activities of the church musical centers remains unexplored to modern days, as are the names of many of their representatives from the monastic structure. In this article was made the attempt to find out the role of the Ukrainian church elite in formation of the musical centers of Hetmanate, as well as to reconstruct their personnel on the basis of the analysis of newly discovered archival documents and various publications. It was noted that the specifics of the formation of these musical centers was that they focused on contemporary spiritual educational institutions that were preparing the frames of composers and performers. The leading of them was the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, which for a long period of time was the main "staff of personnel" of the time composers of spiritual music and performers of choral church singing. The organizers of the musical life at the Academy were first of all its rectors, who opened the music classes, organized student choirs and wrote musical works for them. A separate subject, which was studied at the Academy, was Kant's singing, the formation of which was facilitated by the new Paretza system of choral performance. Musical centers in Chernihiv, Kharkiv and Pereyaslav focused on collegiums initiated by local bishops and completely dependent on their personal interest. It is concluded that the majority of diocesan bishops actively promoted the development of musical education in their eparchies, some of them became founders of choral groups and authors of musical works. The Chernihiv cell, initiated by Archbishop Lazar Baranovich more than half a century earlier from Kharkiv and Pereyaslavsky, benefited from the activity of his own printing press, which published various musical works, which ensured the progress of musical art in Chernihiv region and the entire Left Bank Ukraine.

The Biocentric-Network Configuration within the Mixed-Forest Landscapes of the Left-Bank Ukraine (Case study of Tested Research Area)

Purpose. The exploration the topic features of the biocentric-network landscapes structure (configuration) of the Left-Bank the Dnipro river of Ukraine territory on the example of the one tested research area – area of exploration the mixed-forest landscape complexes, for the future possibility of usage obtained results for the purpose of landscape planning tools implementation. Methods. Analysis, synthesis, mapping, construction graphic simulation and matrix models, metrization, comparative geographical. Results. The biocentric-network configuration of landscapes (BNCL) is understood as a variety of biocenters that located at the matrix of landscapes and along which the biotic migrations take places. The theoretic-methodological contemporary apparatus of BNCL exploration is formed by scientific results which we could find out in works of European and Ukrainian scientists, in particular: A. Buchek, I. Ljov, P Kavaljauskas, R. Forman, M. Godron, M. Grodzinskyi, P. Shyschenko, V. Paschenko, S. Kukurudza, etc. Nevertheless, lack of works which could clarify questions representativeness BNCL under conditions of considerable fragmented and anthropogenic landscapes territories especially within the Left-Bank the Dnipro river of Ukraine territory and landscapes at the local level leads us to accomplishment becoming exploration. The key features of the BNCL of the mixed-forest landscape complexes, according to the contemporary theoretic-methodical approaches, the graph theory and relevant matrix building, metrization parameters calculation, were determined by using GIS-parcel MapInfo Professional 10.0.1, and type, and sort of landscape complexes data, including objects of nature reserved fund, forests, meadows, swamp, etc. data. The specific features of structure, functioning and linkages within the system of biocenters were distinguished. Conclusions. The calculation of elements the BNCL helps us to distinguish «central» and «provincial» biocenters within the tested area. Altogether, received results of graphical and matrix modeling the BNCL at the local level will be a good background for the future landscape planning tools implementation.

Ornithological Fauna of the Waste Water Treatment Plants in the Northern Left Bank Ukraine (Chernihiv and Kyiv Regions): Winter Populations and Ecological Structure

Abstract The article discusses winter bird populations of the waste water treatment plants (WWTP) located in the North of Left -bank Ukraine. The said population comprises 12 orders and 29 families. The most numerous are Passeriformes (37 species), Аnsеriformes (16 species) and Falconiformes (6 species). Parus major was registered at all types of facilities while most of the others house Passer montanus, Carduelis carduelis, Turdus pilaris, and Parus caeruleus. The largest number of wintering birds was registered at Bortnychi aeration station, Chernihiv municipal WWTP and Chernihiv wool processing factory - 79. 51 and 15 species respectively. The nuclear part of the bird numbers are the species residing at the facilities all year around (65.8 %); species occurring there in winter only account for 34.2 %. Dendrophilous (38 species) and hydrophilous (35 species) dominate among them. The primary role in forming the winter fauna of the waste water treatment plants belongs to the zones of water bodies and dams.

Консортивні зв'язки кропив'янки чорноголової (Sylvia atricapilla L.) у лісових ценозах Лівобережної України

Консортивні зв'язки кропив'янки чорноголової (Sylvia atricapilla L.) у лісових ценозах Лівобережної України