Left-Bank Forest-Steppe Of Ukraine Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATIONS WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF SUNFLOWER ON SOIL WATER REGIME

The article analyses the features of water consumption of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. Presents the results of the 2020‒2021 research carried out in the experimental field of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaev, located in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by typical chernozem heavy loam on loess-like loam. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric technique. Sunflower water consumption was calculated using the water balance method. The sunflower yield was recorded manually. The purpose of our research was to determine how short-term crop rotations with different sunflower saturation affect the formation of the soil water regime and the yield of the crop itself. The experimental design included five-field crop rotations with sunflower saturation of 0, 20, 40, and 60 %. The control in the experiment was a five-field crop rotation without sunflowers. It was determined that the yield of sunflower seeds depended on the variants and ranged from 3,21 to 3,57 t/ha. The increase in the share of sunflower in crop rotation was accompanied by a decrease in its yield, in particular, due to the deterioration of moisture supply. Soil moisture consumption was the highest in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 60 % (2969 m3/ha). Against the background of reducing the share of sunflower to 40 and 20%, moisture consumption was 2713 and 2824 m3/ha. The water consumption coefficient was high due to an increase in the share of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. It was determined that in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 40 % the coefficient of water consumption was the lowest. At the same time, this variant has the highest yield of sunflower seeds (3,57 t/ha). Increasing the saturation of short-term crop rotations with sunflowers up to 60 % should occur under conditions of the high culture of agriculture. Therefore, ways of efficient use of soil moisture to increase the yield of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations are being developed.

Урожайність і продуктивність п’ятипільних сівозмін за органо-мінеральної системи інтенсифікації в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України

Goal. To study the influence of precursors and the organo-mineral fertilizer system on the productivity and economic efficiency of growing crops in a short 5-field crop rotation in conditions of insufficient moisture in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Long-term field–for determination of the interaction of research objects with natural and agrotechnical factors; laboratory–for determination of the content of the main nutrients in soil and plants, the chemical composition of grain; calculation and comparison–for determination of the economic efficiency of growing crops in a 5-field crop rotation using the organo-mineral fertilizer system; statistical and mathematical — for carrying out dispersion analysis and for statistical processing of research results. Results. It is proved that in conditions of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, a 5-field crop rotation saturated with grain crops with 80% and 20% of sunflower (peas — winter wheat — sunflower — spring barley — corn for grain) is highly productive and rational under the organo-mineral fertilizer system, which involves the application of N54P56K62 + by-products of the predecessor per 1 ha of crop rotation area. Such a crop rotation on average for 2016–2020 provided a yield of grain in the range of 4.09–9.08 t/ha, and sunflower — 3.91 t/ha. Productivity of the crop rotation area by collection from 1 ha in a 5-field crop rotation was: grain — 5.07 tons, fodder units — 9.37, digestible protein — 0.79 tons. The economic efficiency of growing field crops in a 5-field crop rotation depended on the crop rotation factor, fertilizer system, and predecessors, the conditional net profit was UAH 6.86–24.93 thousand/ha with a profitability of 50–176%. Conclusions. It is established that corn (9.08 t/ha) provided a high grain yield when placed after winter wheat. The yield of sunflower seeds was at the level of 3.91 t/ha with a high content of fat (45.6%) and protein (19.6%) for the highest net profit of UAH 24.93 thousand/ha and profitability level of 176%.

Productivity of buckwheat in 6-field crop rotations in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe

Aim. The purpose of the study is carried out in the established structure of influence, recruitment and placement of field crops in various crop rotations on overall productivity, yield and quality of buckwheat in particular. The study was carried out in the subzone of unstable moistening of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus Panfilska chernozem research station of the NSC «IZ NAAN». Methods. Growing technology of agricultural crops in experiments is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical means of protection were used plants for the production of competitive marketable buckwheat products. Results. Studies conducted in a long-term inpatient setting field research, which was established in 2001, on the study of crop rotations on typical ones chernozems of unstable moistening of the Left Bank Forest Steppe, convincingly testify to the fact that during 2016–2020 the research is the most 6-field crop rotations are rational in this zone: soybeans – winter wheat. – sugar beets – spring barley – corn for grains – buckwheat; buckwheat – winter wheat – soybean – spring wheat – winter rye – spring barley for organic of the mineral intensification system (by-products of the precursor + N40P40K40 for buckwheat). Conclusions. Buckwheat yield, which was grown after corn for grain and spring barley as precursors and corresponding set crop rotation, was in the range of: 2.05–2.10 t/ha, while the content of raw protein was contained at the level of 14.7–15.0%. Economic efficiency growing buckwheat in the structure of 6-field crop rotation becomes: conditionally net income – 13.89–14.48 thousand hryvnias/ha for a high level profitability – 130–135%.

Productivity of spring wheat in various crop rotations under organo-mineral fertilizer in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

Aim.The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of the structure, recruitment and placement of field crops in different crop rotations on the general productivity, yield and quality of spring wheat in particular. The study was carried out in the subzone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the NSC «IA NAAS». Methods.The technology of growing agricultural crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical plant protection agents were used for the production of competitive marketable products of spring wheat. Results.The results of research conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, which was established in 2001, on the study of crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly indicate that during the 2016–2020 research period, a 6-field crop rotation turned out to be the most rational in this subzone saturated with spring wheat by 16,7% (buckwheat – winter wheat – soybean – spring wheat – winter rye – spring barley) under the organo-mineral intensification system (predecessor by-products + N60P60K60).Conclusions. The grain yield of spring wheat, which was grown after soybeans, sunflower and winter triticale, as predecessors, with crop rotation saturation from 12,5% to 16,7% and the corresponding set of crop rotations, was in the range of: 4,43–5,14 t/ha, while the protein content in the grain was at the level of 11,5–13,1%. The economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the structure of different rotational crop rotations is: conditionally net profit – 8,92–12,49 thousand UAH/ha at the level of profitability – 67–94%.

Nutrient regime of the soil depending on the share of sunflower in short-rotational crop

Sunflower requires a sufficient amount of nutrients for growth and development. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of sunflower cultivation on the soil nutrient regime, taking into account the frequency of its return to the previous place. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the share of sunflower in short rotation crop rotations on the soil nutrient regime. The research was conducted at the experimental field of the Kharkiv V.V. Dokuchaev National Agrarian University, which is located in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research and accounting were carried out on typical heavy loamy chernozem in accordance with generally accepted methods. The experimental scheme included five-field crop rotations with sunflower saturation of 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The research results show that an increase in the share of sunflower in short rotation crop rotations does not lead to a deterioration in the nutrient regime of the topsoil. There was no significant difference between the variants in the content of nutrients. The most supplied with nutrients was the topsoil in the control variant (crop rotation without sunflower). With an increase in the share of sunflower in crop rotations, the amount of nutrients in the tilth layer of soil decreased slightly. Regardless of the studied crop rotation options, the availability of easily hydrolysable nitrogen was low, mobile phosphorus was average, and exchangeable potassium was high. Increasing the share of sunflower in short rotation crop rotations led to a decrease in the yield of the crop itself. The yield of sunflower seeds was at the same level in the variants with 20 and 40%. There is a close relationship between sunflower yield and its saturation, which significantly depends on the soil nutrient regime. The yield level is most affected by the content of phosphorus and potassium in the topsoil. The correlation is 0.91 and 0.98, respectively. The practical value of this study is due to the possibility of using the obtained results to justify the feasibility of increasing the share of sunflower in the structure of crop rotations

Genetic potential and level of its realization in varieties and lines of naked oats in the eastern part of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Genetic potential and level of its realization in varieties and lines of naked oats in the eastern part of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Productivity of sugar beet in various crop rotations of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe with organo-mineral fertilizer

Aim. To establish the influence of the structure, recruitment and placement of field crops in different rotations on the general productivity, yield and quality of sugar beets in particular. The research was carried out in the subzone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences. Methods. The technology of growing agricultural crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical plant protection agents were used to produce competitive commercial sugar beet products. Results. The results of research carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment, which was established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest Steppe, convincingly indicate that during the 2016−2020 research period, the 8-field crop rotation turned out to be the most rational in this zone saturated with 62.5 % grain, 25 % fodder and 12.5 % technical crops: perennial legumes – winter wheat – sugar beets – corn for grain – corn for agriculture – winter triticale – spring wheat – spring barley for organic-mineral intensification systems (by-products of the predecessor + N100 P100 K100 for sugar beets). Conclusions. The yield of sugar beets, which were grown after winter wheat, as a precursor and a corresponding set of crop rotations, was in the range of: 50.86–53.21 t/ha, while the sugar harvest was at the level of – 13.5–13.7 t/ha. The economic efficiency of growing sugar beets in the structure of multi – rotational crop rotations is: conditionally net profit – 70.67–75.05 thousand UAH/ha with a high level of profitability – 338–362 %.

Порівняльна ефективність короткоротаційних сівозмін за секвестраційною здатністю та агроенергетичною продуктивністю

Goal. To compare the effectiveness of 5-, 3-, and 4-field crop rotations in terms of their ability to reproduce the fertility parameters of typical chornozem and to form a high level of productivity and agroecological and energy efficiency for the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, agrochemical (to sample and determine the total humus in the soil layer of 0–30 cm), statistical calculation (to justify the reliability of the results and develop statistical models of correlations), agro-economic and energy (to determine the economic and energy indicators of different crop rotations). The research was carried out on the Drabiv experimental field in a stationary experiment, which was established in 1967 and included 29 different crop rotations. Results. Between the accumulation of energy in humus and fodder units, and the output of fodder units in crop rotations, the correlation was at the level of R=+0.45…0.48±0.02, and per unit of growth of energy in humus accounted for 0.017 t/ha of f.u. and 0.11 GJ/ha. For a long-term crop rotation, between the content of humus and the output of f.u. a direct correlation R=+0.45…0.50±0.02 was fixed, R2=0.21–0.25; and between the content of humus and the energy intensity, the correlation was direct at the level of R=+0.50…0.51±0.01, R2=0.25–0.27; per unit increase of humus content was 0.5 GJ/ha, which was 1.97 and 1.93 times less compared to short-term crop rotations. Between the sequestered in the humus C–CO2 and the output of f.u. a direct correlation R=0.51…0.52±0.02 was fixed, R2=0.27–0.28, and per unit value involved in humus C–CO2 accounted for 0.017 t/ha of f.u. Similarly, between C–CO2 in humus and the energy intensity of f.u. the correlation was at the level of R=+0.53…0.54±0.02, R2=0.28–0.29; and per unit value involved in humus C–CO2 accounted for 0.098 GJ/ha of energy in f.u. Short-term crop rotations had higher sequestration capacity and productivity. Conclusions. The use of 3-, and 4-field crop rotations leads to a decrease in their sequestration capacity, the output of fodder units, as well as a lack of net profit. But at the same time, their energy efficiency increases, and the technological costs for growing the component crops of crop rotations decrease with the provision of stable productivity over time compared to 5-field crop rotations.

Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat accessions of different geographical origins by PCA

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze expression of morphological and agronomic valuable traits in winter wheat in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; to select valuable accessions; and to evaluate the winter wheat collection depending on the region of origin by PCA.
 Materials and methods. The material for the research were 177 varieties of winter wheat of varieties from 20 countries, including 69 varieties of different research institutions of Ukraine. The collection included modern commercial varieties and breeding lines. Differentiation of samples was carried out on the following traits: field winter hardiness, earing date, plant height, field resistance to Septoria spp., waxiness of flag leaf, width of flag leaf, yield components (ear length, spikelet number, number of grains and their weight from ear) and thousand grains weight (TGW). The research was carried out by visual surveys in the field conditions in accordance with the recommendations and measurements of plant parts after bringing to an air-dry state.
 Results and discussion.Significant variation was found for all studied traits, the coefficient of variation was more than 10%, which indicates a medium and high level of diversity of the studied samples. The analysis of genotype assessment using the principal components analysis method was performed and the differential traits by geographical origin was established – field winter hardiness, field resistance to Septoria spp. and the earing date. All the above-mentioned traits are adaptive traits and determine the prospects for the using of varieties in breeding programs as sources of valuable traits. It should be noted that the weather conditions of 2020-2021 vegetation year were atypical (excessive moisture in the spring − 135 mm).
 Conclusions: The results of the study identified samples that can be used in crossing combinations of as a source of valuable traits. The 37 samples of different origin with high (above 8 points) field winter hardiness and 40 samples with high resistance to leaf septoria were identified. Varieties that combined high winter hardiness and resistance to Septoria − Bogdana and Podilska Nyva (Ukraine), breeding line 653.1.5 (Estonia), Augustina (Belarus), Duplet (Russia). Using the principal component analysis and the approach of visualization of its results (PCA biplot) is a convenient tool for sampling of different origins and creating a collection of source material.

Productivity and quality of sunflower seeds in different rotation crop rotations of the Forest-steppe zone according to the organo-mineral intensification system

Aim. To determine the influence of the structure, selection and placement of field crops in different crop rotations on the general productivity, yield and quality of sunflower seeds in particular. Methods. The research was carried out in the subzone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences. The technology of growing agricultural crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical plant protection agents were used to produce competitive commercial sunflower products. Results. Research was conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, which was established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest Steppe, convincingly show that during the 2016–2020 research period, a 7-field crop rotation turned out to be the most rational in this zone saturated with sunflower by 14.3% (winter rape – winter wheat – sunflower – spring wheat – soybean – winter wheat – spring barley) under the organo-mineral intensification system (predecessor by-products + N90P60K90). Conclusion. The yield of sunflower seeds, which was grown after winter wheat, as a predecessor, with the saturation of crop rotations from 12.5 % to 20 % and the corresponding set of crop rotations, was in the range of: 3.91–4.44 t/ha, while the oil content in of sunflower seeds was at the level of 45.4–45.7 %.The economic efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the structure of multi-rotational crop rotations is: conditionally net profit – 24.93–30.14 thousand UAH/ha with a high level of profitability – 176–211%. .

Low-carbon system of agricultural production in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Based on the research results it was determined that to significantly reduce the "carbon footprint" of the obtained products, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of produced biomass among food, energy raw materials, soil, and gaseous losses. When accumulating 10 t /ha of dry matter of plant biomass in the typical zonal crop rotation of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, it is advisable to transform it into 0.8-1.0 t /ha of meat and dairy products, 1.3-1.5 t /ha of oil and sugar, 1.2-1.5 t /ha of methane and 0.6-0.8 t /ha of stable humus substances. In the process of such transformation, half of the organic carbon accumulated in the process of photosynthesis is used for the needs of the biological components of the agroecosystem, namely plants, animals, and microbial soil coenosis. Allocation of part of biomass for the energy supply of agro-technological processes is accompanied by minimization of the use of non-renewable energy sources. The final products extracted from the agro-ecosystem in the form of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates have mainly carbon-oxygen elemental composition. As a result, a closed cycle of macro- and microelements is formed, which, along with total disinfection of all wastes, minimizes the use of agrochemicals, the production of which is also accompanied by the entry into the atmosphere of large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG). In the example of a typical Left Bank Forest-Steppe agricultural enterprise a close to an optimal model of agricultural production was worked out, which synchronized and balanced operation of components provides not only high economic efficiency but also in the long run allows to obtain additional profits from reducing GHG emissions. It is shown that when implementing the proposed system of agricultural production, its profitability will be about 3.5 thousand USD / ha, taking into account the value of emission quotas, this figure will increase by 20%. In doing so that does not take into account the possibility of increasing the competitiveness of products with a short carbon footprint, their labeling as organic and other benefits.

Technology of Miscanthus giant growing for energy purposes in the conditions of drained peatlands of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The paper highlights the peculiarities of growing miscanthus for energy purposes in the conditions of drained peat bogs at the Panfl Experimental Station of the NSC "Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS". The economic and ecological advantages of growing energy plantations on reclaimed organogenic soils in comparison with rainfed lands in the zone of the LeftBank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are argued. The study substantiates the technology and the influence of its individual elements on the productivity of miscanthus giant growing for energy purposes on old-sown hayfelds of carbonate peatlands of the Forest-Steppe. The optimal biometric parameters of the planting material, as well as the planting density, the depth of the rhizomes embedding, the influence of the planting time on the growth and development indicators of the studied culture were determined. Developed and patented agrotechnical, together with a biological method of combating wireworms, which provides effective protection of miscanthus plants at the beginning of the establishment of energy plantations. An environmentally friendly weed control technology has been applied, which excludes the use of chemicals, the introduction of herbicides, which, in turn, does not allow contaminating soil and river waters with harmful elements. The peculiarities of the nutrient regime of the soil and its biological activity in the experimental plots of Miscanthus giant on the drained carbonate peatlands of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have been investigated. The effect of potash fertilization, as a key element in plant nutrition on organogenic soils, on the productivity of bioenergetic plantations of Miscanthus is studied. The energy output of bioenergy plantations per unit area has been determined depending on the elements of the cultivation technology. Calculations of economic and energy efciency have been carried out. The developed technology for 3 years of miscanthus cultivation ensures the yield of dry biomass at the level of 23.7–26.1 t/ha or 403–444 GJ/ha of energy. The best economic indicators were obtained on the option with a planting scheme (0.7 X 1.4 m) 10 thousand/ha, where the level of proftability made – 56 %, the cost of dry biomass made 529.6 UAH/t and the conditional net proft – 13157 g/ha. Further directions of scientifc research on the creation of bioenergetic plantations from Miscanthus Giganteus on drained carbonate peatlands of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have been substantiated. Key words: miscanthus, mass of rhizomes, planting density, fertilizers, productivity, proftability.

The quantitative composition of micromycetes under cereal crops in chernozem soils in the Left-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Soil microorganisms are an important component of agrocenoses, which due to physiological and genetic features respond quickly to changes in the quality of the soil environment. Each plant in the rhizosphere forms a specific composition of the microflora which depends on the phase of plant development and soil-climatic conditions. The objective of our study was the quantitative composition of ecological and trophic groups of rhizosphere soil micromycetes of different crops in chernozem soils in the Left-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. According to the results of research, it was determined that the rhizosphere soil under different crops – winter wheat, rye and oats in Chernihiv region – is characterized by the largest number of pedotrophic micromycetes. This indicates that the soil contains a sufficient amount of organic matter. The rhizosphere soils under winter wheat and spring barley in Kiev region were characterized by a larger number of pathogenic micromycetes and amylolytic and cellulolytic ecological-trophic groups. This indicates the intensive use of plant protection products. The rhizosphere soil under onions in experimental fields in Kharkiv region was characterized by a high number of the cellulolytic group. This indicates the presence of cellulose-destroying microorganisms. According to the results of statistical analysis, it was found that the number of micromycetes in the rhizosphere soil of the studied varieties of crops was in direct correlation with the value of the hydrothermal coefficient (НTC) in the vegetation period. Weather conditions during the research vegetation period differed by agrometeorological indicators. The characteristic feature was a contrast of differences in air temperature and unequal distribution of rainfall, which affected the composition of the soil mycobiocenosis. The vegetation period of 2021 in Kyiv region was characterized by a sufficiently moist hydrothermal coefficient which increased to1.81 while in Chernihiv, Kharkiv regions drought prevailed, but in some months the HTC increased to 1.32–1.54. It has been shown that the higher the HTC, the greater the number of micromycetes in all study regions.

Продуктивність короткоротаційних сівозмін в зоні Лісостепу за різних рівнів інтенсифікації

Goal. To substantiate short-term dynamic crop rotations with 100% saturation of grain crops at different levels of intensification suitable for agricultural formations of different forms of ownership of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Long-term field, laboratory, vegetation experiments, laboratory studies (chemical, physicochemical, microbiological). Results. The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on typical low-humus chornozem in Panfil research station of NSC “Institute of agriculture of NAAS”. It was found that different fertilizer systems (without fertilizers (absolute control), mineral (with the introduction of N45P55K55), organomineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic fertilizer systems (by-products of the predecessor)) of cereals of dynamic 4-field crop rotations (peas — winter wheat — corn for grain — spring barley) provided in conditions of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine high and stable grain yields of winter wheat, which on average in 2016-2020 reached 4.67–6.75 t/ha, corn for grain — 5,86–8.30 t/ha, spring barley — 4.18–5.54 and peas 3.21–4.28 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area collected from 1 ha of arable land was 4.54–6.29 tons, feed units — 7.48-10.47, digestible protein — 0.60–0.84 tons. Economic efficiency of growing cereals in short-term crop rotations, depending on the fertilizer system, was: relatively net profit — 12.11–14.73 thousand UAH/ha at a level of profitability of 83–144%. The lowest energy costs (14.1 GJ/ha) and energy consumption (89.8 GJ/ha) were fixed in the control version (without fertilizers), and the highest — 28.3 and 115.5 GJ/ha, respectively — for the application of organomineral fertilizers. Conclusions. It was found that the organomineral fertilizer system provided the highest grain yield of 6.29 t/ha, harvested from 1 ha of arable land: fodder units — 10.47, grain units — 7.69, and digestible protein — 0.84 t. Economic efficiency for the same intensification system provided: conditionally net profit — 13.36 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability — 83% at Kee — 4.2.

ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО В КОРОТКОРОТАЦІЙНІЙ СІВОЗМІНІ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СИСТЕМИ УДОБРЕННЯ

The article analyzed the research results for 2016–2020 in a long-term stationary experiment, which was established in 2001 on typical chernozems with unstable humidity of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, namely, on the Panfil research station National Science Center "Institute of Agriculture NAAS". The research results convincingly showed that 4-field crop rotations with 100 % saturation with grain crops (peas–winter wheat–maize for grain–spring barley) under different fertilization systems, such as control (without fertilizers), mineral (with the application of N60P60K60), organo-mineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic (by-products of the predecessor) fertilization systems, are most rational for highly specialized farms the in this area. The grain yield of spring barley, depending on the fertilization system, was in the range of 4.18–5.54 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area in a 4-field crop rotation for harvesting spring barley per 1 ha was: grain – 5.50–7.69 tons, fodder units – 7.48–10.47; digestible protein – 0.60–0.84 tons. The economic efficiency of growing spring barley in short-term crop rotation depending on the fertilization systems is: relatively net profit – 14.2–20.7 thousand UAH/ha, profitability – 122.6–197.0 %. Balanced short-term crop rotations with an optimal set and ratio of crops have been studied and introduced into production. Under market conditions, these crop rotations will ensure the production of competitive products and the preservation of soil fertility. Key words: crop rotation, rotation, fertilizers, productivity, yield, grain, fodder units, digestible protein, economic efficiency.

Bioproductive сapacity of typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine under favorable humid conditions

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of modern climate change and the impact of weather conditions on the yield of main field crops when using different feeding systems and tillage. It was established that during 1991-2020 the average annual air temperature in the region increased by 1,1oC, and the annual precipitation decreased by 5%. Under such conditions, the frequency of recurrence of highly and moderately arid conditions of the growing season increased from 47% in 1961-1990 to 61% in 1991-2020, however the probability of forming a sufficient moisture supply decreased by half. Based on the results of the Climate Water Balance (CWB) assessment, it was specified that in the western part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, according to average long-term data a negative WBC has been formed since June, and by the end of August its deficit reaches over 140 mm or 1,400 m3 / ha. In general, by the end of the period for 1991-2020, the deficit of WBC increased by 82 mm. Based on the information database made on the results of long-term stationary field experiment at Poltava Research Station of the Institute of Pig Farming and Agroindustrial Production of NAAS, the yield potential of main crops and the productivity of typical chernozem subject to the optimization of crop rotation and nutrient and water-air regimes, were evaluated.
 It was determined that optimization of crop rotations increases plant productivity by 19%, fertilizer systems - by 19-36%, irrigation - by 94%, irrigation and fertilization - by 130-153%, and a comprehensive combination of all agronomic measures - by 200% and more. It was also established that the total productivity of crop rotation under different systems of basic tillage remains virtually unchanged and enables to obtain average by year 3.6-3.8 t kd / ha against the background of natural soil fertility. From the organic fertilizer systems, the efficiency of using crop by-products as fertilizers is 10% higher than using manure and practically does not concede to organomineral fertilizer systems. As a result of research it was found that in the region in recent decades there is a tendency of deteriorating growing conditions of main field crops, which is reflected in the formation of low yields and poorer crop rotation productivity, significant variation of these factors in terms of weather, especially when having high soil fertility.

Harmfulness of cotton bollworm caterpillars on maize hybrids

Goal. Determine the damage to modern corn hybrids by the caterpillars of the cotton bollworm, develop a point scale for assessing the damage of kernels on the cob, and calculate the direct losses of grain yield.
 Methods. Field. The studies were carried in the research fields of the Cherkasy Research Station of Bioresources of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of NAAS» 2017—2019. The cultivation of corn was carried out in accordance with the cultivation technology recommended for the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, Cherkasy region. Plot size — 56 m2, in four replicates. Placement of plots — randomized. The number of damaged corncobs of cotton scoop was determined per hectare. To calculate the number of damaged kernels per corncobs, each damaged corn cobs was opened and the number of eaten and damaged kernels was counted. To calculate the direct yield losses for each corn hybrid, the total number of kernels eaten and damaged by the caterpillars of the cotton bollworm (per hectare) was calculated, which was multiplied by the mass of 100 kernels, respectively.
 Results. The degree of harmfulness of cotton bollworm caterpillars on maize hybrids of different maturity was investigated. In 2017—2019 The corncobs are most damaged in hybrids of the mid-maturing group — 58.4%, less — in early-maturing hybrids — 41.1%, and in the middle-early ones — 47.8%. For the first time, a nine-point scale was developed for assessing the defeat of caryopses on the cob by Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. caterpillars direct losses of grain yield are calculated. It was found that significant yield losses were observed in all mid-season maize hybrids (0.185—0.280 t/ha).
 Conclusions. In the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the cotton bollworm turned out to be a dangerous pest of the generative organs of corn. Therefore, the selection of resistant hybrids to attack by caterpillars of the cotton bollworm is a key element in the protection of this crop. And the nine-point scale developed by us allows us to assess the degree of damage to caryopses by the caterpillars of Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.

VASCULAR PLANTS OF POLTAVA TOWN TERRITORIAL COMMUNE: AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST

The paper summarized the data about vascular plant species of Poltava town territorial commune formed in 2020 during decentralization reform within Poltava district of Poltava region. Based on own field research in 2006–2021 authors found on this territory 996 vascular plant species from 105 families. They include 911 species from 432 genera and 101 families which are resident taxa and belong to a stable components of a plant cover on this territory; they grow a long time here and have a regular self-healing ability. The annotated list of resident plant species with main their synonymic Latin names is indicated. 85 species from 77 genera and 32 families have also been found on the research territory but they are not to be able to accept as a stable component of a plant cover since they are locally distributed, occasionally escaped from cultivation or alien and are not naturalized here.These species were included in the additional list indicated in this paper too; they need a monitoring research for their status and further distribution on this territory. It was established that the territory of Poltava town commune has a great species diversity of vascular plants: 63,3% of resident taxa which were found in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and 73,9% of resident taxa found in Poltava region have been discovered by authors. The features of Poltava town commune are high participation (61 species or 6,1%) rare vascular plant species – 14 from «The Red Data Book of Ukraine» and 47 regionally rare plant species within Poltava administrative region, and rather low degree of preservation area (0,3%). So the priority task for the development of Poltava town territorial commune in a direction of a biodiversity conservation is to be creation of new preservation territories on areas with the high concentration of rare vascular plant species.

Ефективність використання стимуляторів і регуляторів росту під час вирощування біомаси міскантусу в умовах лівобережного лісостепу України

The article presents the indicators of economic efficiency of growing miscanthus biomass for the production of solid biofuels. The energy efficiency coefficient is calculated as the ratio of energy input to energy output. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of the use of plant growth-promoting and regulating products Vympel-K and Quantum-Gold in the cultivation of miscanthus biomass in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Results. Return on investments starts since the third year of harvesting. The gross income after the fourth vegetation season was 392 900 UAH per hectare. The highest energy efficiency index (4.2−4.4) calculated for the first-year harvest was in the following treatments: single and double dose of NPK, single and double treatment with Vympel-K. Profitability in these treatments was the highest and ranged from 345.3 to 341.4%. The proposed new component of cultivation technology − soaking the rhizomes before planting in the growth-regulating and promoting products Quantum Gold and Vympel-K is economically justified. The return on investments after the sale of the miscanthus biomass for the use of these techniques starts since the third year of cultivation.

Influence of macro- and micro-fertilizers on biometry, performance and qualitaty of sunflower hybrids

Sunflower is a crop requiring intensive mineral nutrition, therefore, its cultivation demands reserves of nutrients in the soil, which can be replenished by applying mineral fertilizers.
 Purpose. Our purpose was to study the effects of fertilizers on the growth, development and yield of sunflower hybrids of different ripeness groups (bred at the Institute of Oil Crops) in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Material and methods. The study was conducted at Poltava State Agricultural Research Station named after N.I. Vavilov in 2019–2020
 The study object was processes of the growth and development of sunflower plants and formation of sunflower seeds depending on farming techniques.
 The study subject was sunflower hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok. The following fertilizers were applied: 1) no fertilizers (control); 2) N32Р32К32; 3) N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization of plants with urea (10 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves; 4) N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) in the phase of 2–3 pairs of leaves; 5) N32P32K32 + foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves.
 Results and discussion. The results show that mineral macro- and microfertilizers contributed to more intensive growth and development of plants. Thus, the tallest plants, the largest leaves and calathidiums, and the highest 1000-seed weight were recorded hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok with basic mineral fertilizers at a dose of N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization with carbamide (10 kg/ha) or with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha).
 The maximum yields from hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok were achieved with basic mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) – 3.35 t/ha, 3.41 t/ha and 3.15 t/ha respectively. The gain to the control (no fertilizers) was 0.33 t/ha, 0.32 t/ha and 0.22 t/ha, respectively.
 Fertilization also affected the oil content in seeds. Mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 decreased the oil content in the hybrid seeds by 1.1–1.7% compared to the ‘no fertilizers’ experiment. However, fertilization of plants during the growing period with urea or microfertilizer Novalon Foliar in combination with basic mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 significantly increased the oil content in seeds.
 With the best yields, the highest output of oil from the hybrids was 1,406 kg/ha, 1,446 kg/ha and 1,356 kg/ha, respectively.
 Conclusions. Our results mainly confirm the results of other studies. Mineral fertilizers and microfertilizers promote more intensive growth and development of plants and increase the yields of sunflower seeds. However, there are some discrepancies in the oil content in seeds. Some researchers reported that mineral fertilization increased the oil content in seeds compared to the control (no fertilizers). We found that application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N32P32K32 caused a decrease in the oil content in seeds, and only supplementary foliar fertilization with urea or microfertilizers increased this indicator