LED Light Quality Research Articles

Growth and morphological response of cucumber seedlings to supplemental red and blue photon flux ratios under varied solar daily light integrals

High intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have the potential to be used as supplemental lighting technology in greenhouses. However, LED light quality requirements of greenhouse crops grown when supplementing the solar spectrum are unknown. In this study, to find the requirements, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Cumlaude) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse with and without supplemental LED lighting (PPF: 54±1.1μmolm−2s−1) at varied blue (400–500nm with the peak at 455nm) and red (600–700nm with the peak at 661nm) photon flux (PF) ratios (B:R ratios) under different solar daily light integrals (DLI). The treatments were 0B:100R% (54μmolm−2s−1 red PF), 4B:96R% (2.3 and 52μmolm−2s−1 blue and red PF, respectively), 16B:84R% (8.5 and 46.2μmolm−2s−1 blue and red PF, respectively), and a control without supplemental lighting. The solar DLIs during the experiment were 5.2±1.2 and 16.2±5.3molm−2d−1 created inside a greenhouse using shade screen. Regardless of B:R ratio, morphological and growth parameters of the seedlings were all improved under supplemental LED lighting compared to the no-supplemental-light control. Under high DLI conditions, no significant differences were found for any parameters between the different B:R ratios. Under low DLI, chlorophyll concentration increased with increasing B:R ratio (i.e., increasing blue PF without increasing photosynthetic photon flux, PPF) of the supplemental lighting. Dry mass, leaf number, and leaf area decreased with increasing B:R ratio under low DLI conditions. The reduction in dry mass and leaf number were attributed to the reduction in leaf area. Leaf net photosynthetic rate measured under ambient CO2, ambient temperature, and 1000μmolm−2s−1 PPF (light source: tungsten halogen lamp) also showed no difference among treatments of B:R ratios, indicating that B:R ratio treatments did not cause any changes in plant photosynthetic apparatus. When used for supplemental lighting in the greenhouse, use of 100% red LED is preferred for cucumber seedlings, and additional blue LED was not beneficial.

실내에서 LED광질이 관엽식물의 생장에 미치는 영향

In the results of investigating the role of LED light quality in enhancing the ornamental value of indoor foliage plants, amber and red light increased plant height, leaf width, and leaf stalk, and the consequent tree shape decreased the ornamental value. The chlorophyll content increased significantly under white light and compound light. With regard to the effect of plant leaf color on ornamental value, the value of lightness was markedly enhanced by red light. As to the functionality of plants according to photosynthetic activity, plants such as Dieffenbachia, Clusia, and Dracaena were found favorable to those staying indoors for a longtime from morning to evening. Spathiphyllum, and Ficus were found to be recommendable for indoor spaces used actively during afternoon because their photosynthesis was activated in the afternoon. With regard to power consumption according to light quality, white light consumed 119 W/hour, around 45% lower than that of fluorescent lamps, so it is considered the optimal artificial light quality that can enhance energy efficiency. Red light consumed 72 W/hour, only 33% of that of fluorescent lamps, but it was not considered the optimal light quality because plant growth was poor under the light quality. White light and compound light were found to be the ideal light sources for improving the functionality and ornamental value of indoor plants and reducing the cost of maintenance, but because compound light hinders people from recognizing the original color of plants and makes their eyes easily tired, white light was considered the optimal light satisfying all of the ornamental value, economic efficiency and functionality resulting from plant growth.

Effects of different carbon dioxide and LED lighting levels on the anti-oxidative capabilities of Gynura bicolor DC

Gynura bicolor DC is not only an edible plant but also a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. G. bicolor DC grown in controlled environmental chambers under 3 CO2 concentrations [450 (ambient), 1500 (elevated), 8000 (super-elevated) μmolmol−1] and 3 LED lighting conditions [white (WL), 85% red+15% blue (RB15), 70% red+30% blue (RB30) ] were investigated to reveal plausible antioxidant anabolic responses to CO2 enrichment and LED light quality. Under ambient and elevated CO2 levels, blue light increasing from 15% to 30% was conducive to the accumulation of anthocyanins and total flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity of extract was also increased, but plant biomass was decreased. These results demonstrated that the reinforcement of blue light could induce more antioxidant of secondary metabolites, but depress the effective growth of G. bicolor DC under ambient and elevated CO2 levels. In addition, compared with the ambient and elevated CO2 levels, the increased anthocyanins, total flavonoids contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of G. bicolor DC under super-elevated CO2 level could serve as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against CO2 stress. Hence, G. bicolor DC might have higher tolerance to CO2 stress.

Effect of LED Light Quality and Supplemental Time on the Growth and Flowering of Impatiens

Effect of LED Light Quality and Supplemental Time on the Growth and Flowering of Impatiens

식물공장에서 적색, 청색, 백색 및 원적색 LED 처리에 따른 고추냉이의 생육반응

본 연구는 식물공장용 LED 챔버 시스템에서 고추냉이의 생육반응에 미치는 LED 광원 및 광질의 영향을 알아보기 위해 적색, 청색, 백색 그리고 원적색광의 단일 및 혼합처리, 적색광과 청색광의 비율 그리고 duty비 등을 다양하게 처리하여 수행하였다. 고추냉이의 생육반응은 적색 + 청색 혼합광에서 가장 높았고, 단일광 조건에서는 청색광보다 적색광 하에서 식물체 생물량이 높았다. 고추냉이의 식물체 생물량과 분얼수는 적색과 청색광의 비율이 1:1인 조건에서 가장 높았다. 적색과 청색광을 혼합하여 처리 시 고추냉이의 생육반응은 duty비가 100%일 때 높은 반면, 적색과 청색광에 백색광을 첨가하여 처리 하였을 때는 duty비가 가장 낮은 97%에서 높았다. 엽면적과 잎건중량은 적색광에서 가장 높은 반면, 비엽면적은 청색광에서 가장 높았다. 적색과 청색 혼합광에서 엽면적과 잎건중량은 적색광의 비율이 높거나, duty비가 낮을수록 증가하였고, 백색광을 첨가한 조건에서는 duty비가 높을수록 증가했다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 고추냉이는 단일광을 처리하는 것보다 적색과 청색광을 혼합하여 처리해 주거나, 청색광보다 적색광의 비율을 더 높여주는 것이 고추냉이의 생육 및 품질을 향상시켜 줄것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to establish the optimum LED light source and quality for growth of Wasabia japonica seedlings in the LED chamber plant factory system. The light treatments were combined with four colors LED (red, blue, white, far-red), irradiation time ratio of the red and blue LED per minute(1:1, 2:1, 5:1, 10:1), and duty ratio of mixed light (100%, 99%, 97%). The growth response of W. japonica was the greatest in the R + B mixed light treatment, and seedlings grown in the red LED alone was higher than blue LED alone in the monochromic radiation treatments. In the R + B mixed LED, 1:1 ratio of R and B was the best for total biomass and tiller production. In mixed light treatments, the growth response of W. japonica was highest in the 100% duty ratio with R + B mixed light, while that was highest in the 97% duty ratio with R + B + W mixed light. Leaf area and dry weight were increased in the red light treatment alone, while specific leaf area was increased in the blue light alone. With the increasing red LED light ratio, leaf area and dry weight of W. japonica was significantly increased under the R + B mixed light treatment. In mixed light treatments, the leaf growth responses of W. japonica was highest in the 97% duty ratio with R+B mixed light, while that was highest in the 100% duty ratio with R + B + W mixed light. For cultivating W. japonica in a plant factory, treating red LED supplemented with a blue light or higher ratio of the red to blue LED was benefit to promote the growth of W. japonica.

Effects of various LED light qualities and light intensity supply strategies on purification of slurry from anaerobic digestion process by Chlorella vulgaris

The slurry from anaerobic digestion process (biogas slurry) is now well known to potentially cause water eutrophication and even large-scale algal blooms. The Chlorella vulgaris utilized in this research is able to purify the biogas slurry effectively under optimum light quality and light intensity supply strategy. The descending order of dry cell weight for C. vulgaris reproduction and nutrient removal efficiency of biogas slurry both are red > white > yellow > purple > blue > green, indicating that the red light is the optimum light quality. Furthermore, this study was among the first attempt to analyzed the economic efficiency for nutrient removal under various light intensity supply strategies, and found out that the optimal light intensity supply strategy used for microalgae culture should be incremental intensity strategy, rather than constant intensity strategy, to avoid light energy wastage and photoinhibition. The optimal light intensity supply strategy is: Phase 1, 0–48 h with 800 μmol m−2 s−1; Phase 2, 48–96 h with 1200 μmol m−2 s−1; and Phase 3, 96–144 h with 1600 μmol m−2 s−1. In addition, the optimal cultivation time is 144 h.

Effect of different light of LED light quality on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of Ganoderma lucidum

To study the effect of light quality on growth, antioxidant enzyme activities of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium. G. lucidum mycelium was cultured under different light qualities by light emitting diodes (LED). The growth G. lucidum mycelium was observed and antioxidant enzyme activities was determined in different growth periods. Under the red LED, the blue LED and dark condition (CK), the mycelium grew faster than that under other light qualities. The white LED resulted in a largest increase in the amount of the mycelium and always kept the activities of CAT high level. Major fluctuations of POD activities emerged under the green LED, while enhanced severely in the late phase. Under the yellow LED, the activities of SOD appeared high level. However, SOD activities on dark (CK) raised obviously in late period. At the late stage, the content of mycelium polysaccharides was significant higher than that under the blue LED. The light quality could influence the growth and metabolism of G. lucidum mycelium.

EFFECT OF SIX DIFFERENT LED LIGHT QUALITIES ON THE SEEDLING GROWTH OF PAPHIOPEDILUM ORCHID IN VITRO

In this study, we investigated the effects of six different LED light qualities on the growth of Paphiopedilum seedlings in vitro. The CW treatment had the highest value on shoot fresh weight, whereas the 8R1G1B treatment had the highest shoot dry weight. The seedlings grown under the B treatment were the most compact, showing the shortest leaf length and width. For root growth, the highest value on fresh weight was found under the B treatment, and the highest dry weight was found under the B and R treatments. The optimum growth of Paphiopedilum seedlings was found under CW and 8R1G1B treatments. The higher Fv/Fm and yield values also reflected the vigorous growth of these two treatments.