Lecture Notes Research Articles

Free Energy Minimization: A Unified Framework for Modeling, Inference, Learning, and Optimization [Lecture Notes

The goal of this lecture note is to review the problem of free energy minimization as a unified framework underlying the definition of maximum entropy modeling, generalized Bayesian inference, learning with latent variables, the statistical learning analysis of generalization, and local optimization. Free energy minimization is first introduced, here and historically, as a thermodynamic principle. Then, it is described mathematically in the context of Fenchel duality. Finally, the applications to modeling, inference, learning, and optimization are covered, starting from basic principles.

E-money Academic: Lesson from Literature Visualizing Scientometric Positioning (1968-2019)

There is no overview of literature in the area of e-money research which shows the big picture using data from all countries This paper aims to review the status and visual map position of research in the e-money literature indexed Scopus that used a scientometric positioning overview. The research was carried out using bibliometric techniques. Data analysis as well as visualization utilizing VOSViewer program and the Scopus function for analyse search results. In this review, the details collected applied to 3,011 documents issued from 1968 through 2019. The study reveal that Miller, A. and Chinese Academy of Sciences were the most active individual scientists and affiliated institutions in e-money literature. In emoney, computer science and Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics were the most areas of study and dissemination sources. There were nine worldwide group maps with collaborative researchers. In order to identify the body of knowledge created from fifty-one years of literature, this study constructed a convergence axis grouping comprising of e-money: Mobile telecommunication system, Electronic cash system, Finance, Profitability, Investments, Intelligent system, abbreviated as MEFPII themes.

Revisiting Minimal Realizations [Lecture Notes

Although realizations of transfer functions are a standard topic in textbooks about linear systems theory, this article focuses on several points that are not widely treated. First, it is shown that, for a given dynamics matrix A, the smallest number of sensors and actuators that can be used to form a minimal realization is determined by properties of the Jordan form of A. This leads to the notions of minimally sensed and minimally actuated systems. Next, the rank of a transfer function is related to properties of the Jordan form of A and the rank of the Rosenbrock system matrix.

An Algorithm for Solving Fuzzy Maximal Flow Problems Using Generalized Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers

Kumar et al. (A new approach for solving fuzzy maximal flow problems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 5908 (2009) 278-286) proposed a new algorithm to find the fuzzy maximal flow between source and sink by representing the flow as normal triangular fuzzy numbers. Chen (Operations on fuzzy numbers with function principal, Tamkang Journal of Management Science 6 (1985) 13-25) pointed out that in many cases it is not to possible to restrict the membership function to the normal form and proposed the concept of generalized fuzzy numbers. There are several papers in the literature in which generalized fuzzy numbers are used for solving real life problems but to the best of our knowledge, till now no one has used generalized fuzzy numbers for solving the maximal flow problems. In this paper, the existing algorithm is modified to find fuzzy maximal flow between source and sink by representing all the parameters as generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. To illustrate the modified algorithm a numerical example is solved and the obtained results are compared with the existing results. If there is no uncertainty about the flow between source and sink then the proposed algorithm gives the same result as in crisp maximal flow problems.

Actuarial Mathematics. Time-Continuous Models for Life Insurance

The aim of these Lecture Notes is to complement the material, concerning Life Insurance, presented in the textbook by A. Olivieri and E. Pitacco, “Introduction to Insurance Mathematics. Technical and Financial Features of Risk Tansfers”, by providing the basics of a time-continuous setting of actuarial models for life insurance products. A time-continuous setting can extend the reader knowledge by offering a theoretical framework, however encompassing issues of interest also from a practical perspective, for example providing help in understanding approximations frequently adopted in the actuarial practice. These Lecture Notes are organized as follows. Chapter 1 aims at explaining the advantages of a time-continuous setting with respect to a time-discrete one. Time-continuous biometric models are described in Chapter 2, where special attention is placed on parametric modelling and various mortality “laws”. Approximations adopted in the actuarial practice are also presented. Finally, an introduction to parametric models in a dynamic mortality context is provided. To a large extent, life insurance calculations are based on the concept of “actuarial value”, that is, expected present value of random cash flows. This topic is addressed in Chapter 3, where calculation of premiums for various insurance products is also presented. Despite the prominent role of expected present values in traditional actuarial calculations, a sound stochastic approach calls for analysis of probability distributions of present values and related dispersion measures.This topic concludes the chapter. Mathematical reserves are presented in Chapter 4. Thanks to the reserving concept, the fundamental components of the life insurance activity, that is, “risk” and “savings”, can be singled-out, together with a corresponding splitting of the expected profits.

The Bussgang Decomposition of Nonlinear Systems: Basic Theory and MIMO Extensions [Lecture Notes

Many of the systems in various signal processing applications are nonlinear due to, for example, hardware impairments, such as nonlinear amplifiers and finite-resolution quantization. The Bussgang decomposition is a popular tool used when analyzing the performance of systems that involve such nonlinear components. In a nutshell, the decomposition provides an exact probabilistic relationship between the output and the input of a nonlinearity: the output is equal to a scaled version of the input plus uncorrelated distortion. The decomposition can be used to compute either exact performance results or lower bounds, where the uncorrelated distortion is treated as independent noise. This lecture note explains the basic theory, provides key examples, extends the theory to complex-valued vector signals, and clarifies some potential misconceptions.

An Improved Algorithm for Solving Fuzzy Maximal Flow Problems

Kumar et al. (A new approach for solving fuzzy maximal flow problems; Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag; Berlin Heidelberg, 5908, (2009) 278-286) proposed a new algorithm for solving the fuzzy maximal flow problems. In the numerical example solved by Kumar et al., by using the proposed algorithm, there exists negative part in the obtained triangular fuzzy numbers which represents that the flow between two nodes may be negative. Although it is mathematically correct according to properties of ranking function. But in real life problems the negative quantity of the flow has no physical meaning. To overcome this shortcoming the algorithm, proposed by Kumar et al., is improved.

Building an Elliptic Curve Cryptography to Encode and Decode Vietnamese Texts

This article presents building an Elliptic curve cryptography and using it to encode and decode Vietnamese text. Here we have illustrated the prime number p = 151 in the future, which will use a large prime number. We consider an elliptic curve with a total score of 172 points. Encode and decode with standard Vietnamese text and combine with the special characters in ASCII code. The program is designed and installed and on the C# environment to give the correct result of the encryption algorithm.
 KeywordsData sequence, Decryption, Discrete logarithm, Elliptic curve, Elliptic curve cryptosystem, Encryption, Public key
 References[1] Koblitz, “Elliptic curve cryptosystems”, Mathematics of Computation”, 203 - 209, 1987.[2] Miller, “Uses of elliptic curves in cryptography, Advances in Cryptology - Crypto”, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, SpringerVerlag, 1986, pp. 417-426.[3] Sugantha Priya, Dr.M. Mohanraj, “A Review on Secure Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Dynamic Secure Routing Link Path Detection Algorithm (DSRLP) Under Jamming Attack”, ISSN 68(30) (2020) 0474-9030.[4] Negin Dinarvand, Hamid Barati, “An efficient and secure RFID authentication protocol using ellipticcurvecryptography”,SpringerfScience+Business Media, LLC, 2017[5] Utku Gulen, Selcuk Baktir, “Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Wireless Sensor Networks Using the Number Theoretic Transform”, journal-sensors, Published: 9 March, 2020.[6] Sravana Kumar, C.H. Suneetha, A.R. Chandrasekh, “Encryption of Data Using Elliptic Curve Over Finite Fields”, International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS). 3(1) (2012) 301-308.[7] Amounas, E.H. El Kinani, ECC Encryption and Decryption with a Data Sequence, Applied Mathematical Sciences 6(101) (2012) 5039-5047.[8] Vu Thi Hai Ha, Dinh Thi Hang, Bui Dang Binh, “The influence of volume on the formant of vowels and the identification of Vietnamese speakers”, Vietnam Institute of Linguistics, 2015.[9] Enge, “Elliptic curves and their applications to cryptography”, Norwell, MA: Kulwer Academic publishers, 1999.[10] Neil Koblitz, “An Elliptic Curve implementation of the finite field digital signature algorithm”, in Advances in cryptology,(CRYPTO 1998), SpringerLecture Notes in computer science, 1462 (1998) 327-337.[11] S. Sandeep, Kumar, “Elliptic curve cryptography for constrained devices”, PhD thesis, Ruhr-University Bochum, June, 2006.

Undesired Cross Terms [Lecture Notes

This lecture note briefly describes two examples in mathematics on how and why cross terms are disliked: orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) from orthogonal designs and free probability theory. The first example shows that the elimination of cross terms can significantly simplify the optimization that has many practical applications in, for instance, multiple antenna systems in wireless communications. The second example gives an intuitive and/or fundamental understanding of free probability theory, which has important applications in random matrix theory.

Crowd Dynamics by Kinetic Theory Modeling: Complexity, Modeling,

The contents of this brief Lecture Note are devoted to modeling, simulations, and applications with the aim of proposing a unified multiscale approach accounting for the physics and the psychology of people in crowds. The modeling approach is based on the mathematical theory of active particles, with the goal of contributing to safety problems of interest for the well-being of our society, for instance, by supporting crisis management in critical situations such as sudden evacuation dynamics induced through complex venues by incidents.

Toward an Axiomatization of Strongly Possible Functional Dependencies

In general, there are two main approaches to handle the missing data values problem in SQL tables. One is to ignore or remove any record with some missing data values. The other approach is to fill or impute the missing data with new values [A. Farhangfar, L. A. Kurgan and W. Pedrycz, A novel framework for imputation of missing values in databases, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A, Syst. Hum. 37(5) (2007) 692–709]. In this paper, the second method is considered. Possible worlds, possible and certain keys, and weak and strong functional dependencies were introduced in Refs. 4 and 2 [H. Köhler, U. Leck, S. Link and X. Zhou, Possible and certain keys for SQL, VLDB J. 25(4) (2016) 571–596; M. Levene and G. Loizou, Axiomatisation of functional dependencies in incomplete relations, Theor. Comput. Sci. 206(1) (1998) 283–300]. We introduced the intermediate concept of strongly possible worlds in a preceding paper, which are obtained by filling missing data values with values already existing in the table. Using strongly possible worlds, strongly possible keys and strongly possible functional dependencies (spFDs) were introduced in Refs. 5 and 1 [M. Alattar and A. Sali, Keys in relational databases with nulls and bounded domains, in ADBIS 2019: Advances in Databases and Information Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 11695 (Springer, Cham, 2019), pp. 33–50; Functional dependencies in incomplete databases with limited domains, in FoiKS 2020: Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12012 (Springer, Cham, 2020), pp. 1–21]. In this paper, some axioms and rules for strongly possible functional dependencies are provided, These axioms and rules form the basis for a possible axiomatization of spFDs. For that, we analyze which weak/strong functional dependency and certain functional dependency axioms remain sound for strongly possible functional dependencies, and for the axioms that are not sound, we give appropriate modifications for soundness.

Two Applications of Deep Learning in the Physical Layer of Communication Systems [Lecture Notes

Deep learning has proved itself to be a powerful tool to develop data-driven signal processing algorithms for challenging engineering problems. By learning the key features and characteristics of the input signals, instead of requiring a human to first identify and model them, learned algorithms can beat many man-made algorithms. In particular, deep neural networks are capable of learning the complicated features in nature-made signals, such as photos and audio recordings, and use them for classification and decision making. The situation is rather different in communication systems, where the information signals are man-made, the propagation channels are relatively easy to model, and we know how to operate close to the Shannon capacity limits. Does this mean that there is no role for deep learning in the development of future communication systems?

Closed-Form Output Response of Discrete-Time Linear Time-Invariant Systems Using Intermediate Auxiliary Functions [Lecture Notes

Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems find ubiquitous applications in digital signal processing [1], image processing [2], communication [3], and array processing [4], to name a few. An LTI system can be characterized by its impulse response, which is defined as the output response to an impulse input. For an arbitrary input signal, the output signal of an LTI system is obtained by the convolution of the input signal with the impulse response. This property is closely related to transform-based methods in signal processing, such as discrete-time Fourier transforms, z-transforms, and discrete Fourier transforms. Interested readers are referred to [1] and the references therein.

The impact of digital distraction on lecture note taking and student learning

Laptop computers allow students to type lecture notes instead of relying on the traditional longhand (i.e. paper–pencil) method. The present research compared laptop and longhand note-taking methods by investigating how the quality (i.e. complete versus incomplete idea units) and quantity (i.e. total words and total idea units) of typed and handwritten notes differed when students did or did not reply to text messages during a simulated lecture. Accounting for the presence of text messaging while participants took notes situated the present study within the reality facing many students in today’s digital age. Findings indicated that a considerable proportion of the idea units captured in participants’ notes were incomplete, regardless of note-taking method or exposure to distraction during the simulated lecture. However, only the total number of complete idea units stored in student notes meaningfully predicted lecture learning. Furthermore, the presence of digital distraction was particularly disruptive to the quality and quantity of laptop users’ lecture notes relative to longhand note takers. Finally, digital distraction emerged as a more meaningful predictor of lecture learning than note-taking method. Recommendations for improving the quality of student lecture notes are discussed and avenues for future research into note-taking completeness and the interplay between digital distraction and note-taking method are proposed.

Reducibility of the quantum harmonic oscillator in d-dimensions with finitely differentiable perturbations

In this paper, the d-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator with a pseudo-differential time quasi-periodic perturbation iψ̇=(−Δ+V(x)+ϵW(ωt,x,−i∇))ψ,x∈Rd is considered, where ω ∈ (0,2π)n, V(x)≔∑j=1dvj2xj2,vj≥v0>0, and W(θ, x, ξ) is a real polynomial in (x, ξ) of degree at most two, with coefficients belonging to Cℓ in θ∈Tn for the order ℓ satisfying ℓ ≥ 2n + β, 0 < β < 1. Using the techniques developed by Bambusi et al. [Anal. PDE 11(3), 775–799 (2018)] and Rüssmann [“On optimal estimates for the solutions of linear partial differential equations of first order with constant coefficients on the torus,” in Dynamical Systems, Theory and Applications, Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 38 (Rencontres, Battelle Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 1975), pp. 598–624], this paper shows that for any ϵ small enough, there is a set Dϵ⊂(0,2π)n with a big Lebesgue measure such that for any ω∈Dϵ, the system is reducible.

Intersection of unit balls in classical matrix ensembles

We study the volume of the intersection of two unit balls from one of the classical matrix ensembles GOE, GUE and GSE, as the dimension tends to infinity. This can be regarded as a matrix analogue of a result of Schechtman and Schmuckenschlager for classical lp-balls [Schechtman and Schmuckenschlager, GAFA Lecture Notes, 1991]. The proof of our result is based on two ingredients, which are of independent interest. The first one is a weak law of large numbers for a point chosen uniformly at random in the unit ball of such a matrix ensemble. The second one is an explicit computation of the asymptotic volume of such matrix unit balls, which in turn is based on the theory of logarithmic potentials with external fields.

Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and

Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and

Robert R. Phelps: Lectures on Choquet's Theorem. 2nd ed., Lecture Notes in Math., 1757, Springer, 2001年，viii+124ページ．

Robert R. Phelps: Lectures on Choquet's Theorem. 2nd ed., Lecture Notes in Math., 1757, Springer, 2001年，viii+124ページ．

Three-way Interactions between Plants, Microbes, and Arthropods (PMA): Impacts, Mechanisms, and Prospects for Sustainable Plant Protection.

plantcell;32/7/tpc.120.tt0720/FIG1F1fig1Three-way Interactions between Plants, Microbes, and Arthropods (PMA): Impacts, Mechanisms, and Prospects for Sustainable Plant Protection (By Maria J. Pozo, Benedicte R. Albrectsen, Eduardo R. Bejarano, Eduardo de la Peña, Salva Herrero, Ainhoa Martinez-Medina, Victoria Pastor, Sabine Ravnskov, Mary Williams and Arjen Biere)Plants constantly interact with numerous of organisms and the outcome of these interactions determines plant health and growth. In other words, the phenotype of a plant is not only the result of the plant's interaction with abiotic conditions, but also of multiple interactions in the living environment surrounding the plant, the phytobiome. In this Teaching Tool, we have focused on interactions between plants, microbes and arthropods (PMA). The organism groups that contribute to PMA interactions are presented as well as types of interactions between them, along with multiple examples of simple and more complex PMA interactions. The underlying mechanisms of plant responses are described in detail as well as the evolutionary aspects of PMA interactions. Finally, the use of PMA interactions for crop protection in sustainable plant production that supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 is proposed.(Posted July 6, 2020)Click HERE to access Teaching Tool ComponentsRECOMMENDED CITATION STYLE:Pozo, M.J., Albrectsen, B.R., Bejarano, E.R., de la Peña, E., Herrero, S., Martinez-Medina, A., Pastor, V., Ravnskov, S., Williams, M., and Biere, A. (July NN, 2020). Three-way interactions between plants, microbes, and arthropods (PMA): Impacts, mechanisms, and prospects for sustainable plant protection. Teaching Tools in Plant Biology: Lecture Notes. The Plant Cell (online), doi/10.1105/tpc.120.tt0720.

Application of Artificial Intelligence for Optimization of Organic Solar Cells Production Process

The study of organic solar cells (OSCs) has been rapidly developed in recent years. Organic solar cell technology is sought after mainly due to the ease of manufacture and their exclusive properties such as mechanical flexibility, light-weight, and transparency. These properties of OSCs are well-suited for unconventional applications with power conversion efficiencies more high than 10%. The flexibility of the used substrates and the thinness of the devices make OSCs ideal for roll-to-roll production. However the organic solar cells still have very low conversion efficiencies due to degradation and stability of the technology. In order to extract their full potential, OSCs have to be optimized. On the other hand the production chain of the organic solar cells (OSC) can take advantage of the use of artificial intelligence (AI). In fact the integration into the production workflow makes solar cells more competitive and efficient. This paper presents some applications of the AI for optimization of OSCs production processes Full Text: PDF ReferencesLo Sciuto, G., Capizzi, G., Coco, S., Shikler, R., "Geometric shape optimization of organic solar cells for efficiency enhancement by neural networks." (2017) Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, pp. 789-796. CrossRef Barnea, S.N., Lo Sciuto, G., Hai, N., Shikler, R., Capizzi, G., Wozniak, M., Polap, D., "Photo-electro characterization and modeling of organic light-emitting diodes by using a radial basis neural network." (2017) Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 10246 LNAI, pp. 378-389. CrossRef Ye, L.; Hu, H.; Ghasemi, M.; Wang, T.; Collins, B.A.; Kim, J.H.; Jiang, K.; Carpenter, J.H.; Li, H.; Li, Z.; et al. "Quantitative relations between interaction parameter, miscibility and function in organic solar cells." Nat. Mater. 2018, 17, 253-260. CrossRef Haralick, R.M., Shanmugam, K., Dinstein, I.: Textural features for image classification. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. SMC-3(6), 610-621 (1973) CrossRef Capizzi, G., Sciuto, G.L., Napoli, C., Tramontana, E., Wozniak, M.: Automatic classification of fruit defects based on co-occurrence matrix and neural networks. In: 2015 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), pp. 861-867, September 2015. CrossRef