Learning Process Research Articles

Machine learning assisted crystallographic reconstruction from atom probe tomographic images

Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful technique for three-dimensional (3D) atomic-scale imaging, enabling the accurate analysis on the compositional distribution at the nanoscale. How to accurately reconstruct crystallographic information from APT data, however, is still a great challenge due to the intrinsic nature of the APT technique. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that consists of the modified forward simulation process and the backward machine learning process to recover the tested crystal from APT data. The high-throughput forward simulations on Al single crystals of different orientations generate 10 000 original 3D images and data augmentation is implemented on the original images, resulting in 100 000 3D images. The big data allows the development of deep learning models and three deep learning algorithms of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Vision Transformer (ViT), and Variational Autoencoder (VAE) are used in the backward process. After training, the ViT model performs superior than the CNN and VAE models, which can recover the crystalline orientation outstandingly, as evaluated by the coefficient of determinationR2and the Mean Percent Error (MPE), viz.,R2= 0.93 and MPE = 0.43%,R2= 0.97 and MPE = 0.35%, andR2= 0.93 and MPE = 0.77% for the rotation anglesϕ,ψandθ, respectively, on the test dataset. The present work clearly demonstrates the capability of deep learning models in the recovery of the tested crystals from APT data, thereby paving the way for the further development of large artificial intelligent models of APT.

Towards Harmonization of SO(3)-Equivariance and Expressiveness: a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Electronic-Structure Hamiltonian Prediction

Abstract Deep learning for predicting the electronic-structure Hamiltonian of quantum systems necessitates satisfying the covariance laws, among which achieving SO(3)-equivariance without sacrificing the non-linear expressive capability of networks remains unsolved. To navigate the harmonization between SO(3)-equivariance and expressiveness, we propose HarmoSE, a deep learning method synergizing two distinct categories of neural mechanisms as a two-stage encoding and regression framework. The first stage corresponds to group theory-based neural mechanisms with inherent SO(3)-equivariant properties prior to the parameter learning process, while the second stage is characterized by a non-linear 3D graph Transformer network we propose, featuring high capability on non-linear expressiveness. Their combination lies in the point that, the first stage predicts baseline Hamiltonians with abundant SO(3)-equivariant features extracted, assisting the second stage in empirical learning of equivariance; and in turn, the second stage refines the first stage's output as a fine-grained prediction of Hamiltonians using powerful non-linear neural mappings, compensating for the intrinsic weakness on non-linear expressiveness capability of mechanisms in the first stage. Our method enables precise, generalizable predictions while capturing SO(3)-equivariance under rotational transformations, and achieves state-of-the-art performance in Hamiltonian prediction tasks under multiple Mean Absolute Error (MAE) metrics, such as the average MAE across all samples and matrix elements, the MAE for challenging samples, the MAE for different Hamiltonian blocks, and the MAE for the challenging blocks. It also demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy for downstream quantities, such as occupied orbital energy and the electronic wavefunction, as measured by MAE and cosine similarity, respectively.

The potential use of immersive virtual environments for collecting and archiving heritage gameplay activities in digital libraries

Purpose This paper aims to discuss and propose the potential use of immersive virtual environments (IVEs) for archiving and collecting heritage gameplay activities in digital libraries, which is expected to triangulate further discussions on the said knowledge scopes. Design/methodology/approach The key question of this paper is, how we can preserve and revitalize fading heritage game activities in digital libraries? To answer this, the paper is going to understand the applications of IVEs in heritage studies; the use of telepresence experiences in IVEs for activity-based collection; the creation of virtual and telepresence experiences in digital libraries; and a proposed use of IVEs for archiving heritage gameplay activities. Findings The applications of IVEs and/or other virtual technologies have certainly been gaining positive feedback about their ability to provide vivid images of artefacts and art pieces; perform a high level of interactivity between the exhibits and visitors; enhance visitors’ sense of immersion that evoke their memories of heritage issues; facilitate visitors’ learning process in libraries; increase enjoyment in digital libraries. As mentioned in the previous section, the activity-based historical collection, for instance, the heritage gameplay activities, can be preserved and archived vividly using IVEs. Research limitations/implications This paper is explorative, there is no empirical result for generalization. Originality/value This paper aims to provide librarians with valuable insight to apply IVEs for archiving and collecting heritage gameplay activities. Setting up a new type of digital library is affected greatly by the openness of librarians, visitors’ expectations and a whole lot of things that are happening around the technological world and digital culture. This paper addresses the applications of IVEs in heritage studies, the importance of creating virtual and telepresence experiences for library visits as well as proposing the use of IVEs for archiving heritage gameplay activities.

Research on Mobile Learning (M-Learning) in Higher Education: A Systematic Review (2016 to 2023)

This study investigates the evolution of mobile learning (M-Learning) applications in higher education between 2016 and 2023. This period marks an era of significant technological innovations and the profound impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on education. The purpose of this research is to delineate how M-Learning applications are represented in the academic literature during this time and to identify research trends within this field. The research is based on a systematic review of 161 academic articles related to M-Learning, published between 2016 and 2023 in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The study utilizes the TCCM (Theory, Context, Characteristics, Methodology) framework to conduct an in-depth analysis of theoretical approaches, research contexts, learning characteristics, and methodological strategies in the literature. The findings reveal that M-Learning positively impacts areas such as collaboration, skill development, and self-assessment among students. The effective use of mobile devices as educational tools by instructors and students is identified as crucial for the success of M-Learning applications. Moreover, the success of M-Learning is closely linked to users' attitudes toward technology and the integration of technological and pedagogical supports into the learning processes. This systematic review provides significant insights into how M-Learning can transform learning and teaching practices in higher education. It suggests strategic planning and further research for educators, policymakers, and researchers on integrating mobile technologies into learning processes. Specifically, there is a need to explore the long-term effects of M-Learning on student achievement and its applicability in various learning contexts.

THE SOCIOGENESIS OF RACISM AND ETHNIC-RACIAL RELATIONS IN SCHOOL: A CRITICAL VIEW

This study addresses the sociogenesis of racism in Brazil, examining its manifestation in the school environment and the challenges of developing pedagogical practices capable of mitigating this exclusionary culture and its violence. Based on a current, historical, and theoretical contextualization, the study seeks to investigate how racism manifests itself in education and what its consequences are in everyday school life, analyzing how prejudice, discrimination, and the devaluation of black and indigenous cultures and subjectivities impact students' learning processes. It is concluded that racism is prominent in Brazilian society and its consequences affect education, with impacts on school dropout rates, student performance, and social inclusion.

Effect of working remotely on new professionals’ learning and adjustment during the first five weeks after professional entry

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of working remotely on new professionals’ learning and adjustment. Organizational socialization is the process of learning and adjusting to a new professional role. Among new professionals working on-site, this learning and adjustment is indicated by a development of role clarity, task mastery and social acceptance. Less is known about the process when working remotely. This was recognized as a key organizational challenge following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach In this study, with a longitudinal design with 242 graduates and weekly data collections for the first five weeks following professional entry in 2021, the authors compared the learning and adjustment among individuals working on-site, in hybrid or remotely using longitudinal analyses of mean response profiles. Findings The group-by-time interaction effects were not statistically significant (i.e. no differences were found in the adjustment of the new professionals of the three groups). Originality/value These results indicate that working remotely does not jeopardize the organizational socialization process. Furthermore, a marginally statistically significant result indicated that participants working only remotely experienced a greater development of task mastery over time: This suggests that remote work may even benefit learning and professional adjustment. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

Ethics and Values Matter: The Role of Higher Education

Human existence is a process of learning and development aimed at achieving wisdom, and education has been regarded as the ultimate value system since the birth of culture and way of life for this reason. Education is more than only the acquisition of skills or the gathering of knowledge or news about a topic of interest from others or from other parts of the world. It is not limited to the abilities of obtaining information received and preserved via knowing, or just the exploration of existential problems and familiarization with previously acquired knowledge or data, or with a system of knowledge - but also with the goal of comprehending this cognition. Knowledge is involved with the comprehension of a collection of propositions or concepts. Knowledge can be theoretical and practical, fundamental and abstract, and it may exist in any time period: past, present, and future. However, cognition is always done in the present. Past memories and future prophecies are also remembered in the present, as the ideas flash or surface in the mind. These flashes act as an impetus for our quick determination, allowing us to decide whether or not to undertake anything. However, for the purpose of brevity, I'll lump the two, knowledge and cognition, together under the heading of knowledge. Education fosters the development of talents from all three faculties, as well as wisdom in their right application for the benefit of people and society for creating value and ethics. The goal of NEP 2020 is also having important role in higher education teaching to encourage systematic and focused discoveries and practices that benefit society. Society views higher education institutions as catalysts for the transformation of knowledge into wisdom. The quality, morals, and ethics of higher education institutions are increasingly important in integrating young people into society. A country like India has a large young population, and they are the frontiers of the Indian government's Made in India Initiative. It has been well mentioned that the actual philosophy of education is in the combination of ethics, virtues, values, and the validity of human life, thus it is vital to improve ethical values, philosophical thinking, study, research, and moral growth in the Indian education system.

Investigative and collaborative experimental activities using simple purification of curcuminoids by column chromatography

This work describes the use of turmeric in the teaching concepts and laboratory techniques of organic chemistry to students in introductory classes of licentiate, bachelor’s and industrial chemistry courses, as well as to pharmacy and chemical engineering students at Universidade Federal Fluminense, in Niterói/RJ/Brazil. Considering investigative and collaborative activities and Vygotsky theory, the discussed concepts were everyday natural products, green chemistry, purification and separation of organic substances, molecular interactions, organic compound extraction techniques, and thin-layer and column chromatography. The activities were applied for four 3-hour classes for 31 students in 7 introductory organic chemistry laboratory classes for Chemistry and for 43 students in 4 experimental organic chemistry classes for Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering courses, in the years 2022–23. The teaching-learning process methodology involved 4 moments/classes: a) discussions about organic chemistry; b) discontinuous extraction of turmeric and thin-layer chromatography; c) column chromatography; and d) discussions about results and the learning process. After the sequence of classes, it was possible to observe the students’ motivation with the ease of separating curcuminoids and the understanding of the relationship between theoretical concepts and practice, as well as the understanding of the importance of low waste production.

Research and Practice on the Design of Online Learning Activities for Distance Education Oriented Towards Deep Learning

Based on Five-stage model, Deeper Learning Cycle (DELC), and other related theories, This study focused on the design of online learning activities. It explored and implemented a framework for designing online learning activities aimed at deep learning. The learning process was divided into four stages: preparation, information exchange, knowledge construction, and knowledge development. The activity design was driven by tasks, problems, or projects, with difficulty progressing in stages. It emphasized feedback and reflection, providing necessary learning support to help students in distance education optimize their learning experience, gain a deep understanding of knowledge, and improve higher-order thinking skills. Ultimately, this could enhance the teaching quality of online courses.

Students' Perception Of Non-Native Japanese Speaker Teacher's Competencies (Nnjsts) : Gender-Based Review

Japanese is one of the foreign languages taught in formal and informal educational institutions in Indonesia. The development of Japanese language learners is increasing quantitatively. In foreign language courses, native and non-native teachers collaborate on pedagogical tasks. This trend is also happening in Japanese foreign language courses. In addition, there are around 6,617 non-native Japanese language teachers (Japan Foundation, 2021). There is an argument that Native Japanese Speaker Teacher's (NJST) has many advantages over Native Japanese Speaker Teacher's (NNJSTs) and that students prefer NNJSTs over NJST, but the argument must be assessed. Many researchers have explored students' perceptions of NJSTs and NNJSTs worldwide in formal education institutions but not in the non-formal education institution sector. This study aims to explore the perception of Indonesian students towards NNJSTs in non-formal educational institutions, namely LPK Fuji Academy Singaraja with all samples coming from active students registered from January to August 2024. This study is a quantitative research with a descriptive approach conducted using an instrument in the form of a closed questionnaire based on the Likert scale. This study revealed that the perception of male and female students did not have a significant difference in their teaching competence based on the theory of Nuibe et al (2006). Male participants rated NNJSTs higher in terms of teaching effectiveness and communication skills, with an average score of 9.8. In contrast, female respondents gave slightly lower ratings in these areas with an average of 7.1. Furthermore, through this research, students need NNJSTs more because they allow for a successful learning process because of effective learning strategies. In addition, NNJSTs also help students in facing difficulties and challenges in their learning process.

Exploring the Influence of Long-Term Memory in Information Processing in Learning Process

Exploring the Influence of Long-Term Memory in Information Processing in Learning Process

History Teachers' Strategy in Integrating Historical Thinking Skills Through Academic Discussion Activities at SMA Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara

The changes that occur in history learning require critical thinking skill to support the teaching and learning process. The teacher needs to help students improve their historical thinking skill. This research aimed to a) find out and explain history teachers' understanding of historical thinking skill; b) explain the history teachers' strategy in integrating historical thinking skills through academic discussion activity; and c) know the factors that influence history teachers in integrating historical thinking skill through academic discussion activity. This research was qualitative research by using case study method. The research was conducted in SMA N 1 Sangatta Utara, with the research subjects were two history teachers and six students of XI class. Data collected by using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis technique used Miles and Huberman model. The research result showed that a) the teachers understand historical thinking skill before conducting history learning by using academic discussion; b) the teachers' strategy in integrating historical thinking skill with academic discussipn was giving instruction gradually to students so that they can understand the use of historical thinking skill in history learning in academic discussion; and c) there are two factors that influence the teachers to integrate historical thinking skill and academic discussion namely a change in education system, and students condition which do not understand historical material and unable of students to develop critical thinking skills in history learning.

Assessing University Final Examination Questions Written in English

Test is regarded as a tool to measure the outcome of teaching and learning processes. There are other tools, but tests are still used to a great extent. The objective of the current study is to assess university final examination questions written in English, and College of Education-Shaqlawa has been selected as a sample. The test papers have been received from the Examination Committee of the college. Tests have several properties, but only three properties, namely accuracy, objectivity and scorability, have been chosen to be the criteria of the research. This is because the selected characteristics are general, while the left ones are specific to particular subjects. The procedure of the study is descriptive and analysis. The test papers have been analysed twice for reliability. The researchers have benefited from other researchers’ criteria. It has been detected that the test papers are objective to great extent. This is due to the test techniques that are used by the instructors. Unfortunately, some test papers have been found to be inaccurate. Inaccuracy has resulted from many areas such as grammatical mistakes and punctuation marks. Little attention has been given to the field of punctuation marks. Furthermore, some test papers have been detected to seem strange in terms of scorability. To clarify it, the mark distribution and the total mark of some test papers are not in agreement with the requirements. Finally, the conclusions, suggestions and references have been shown.

Knowledge Distillation and Student-Teacher Learning for Weed Detection in Turf

Abstract Machine vision-based herbicide applications relying on object detection or image classification deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) demand high memory and computational resources, resulting in lengthy inference times. To tackle these challenges, this study assessed the effectiveness of three teacher models, each trained on datasets of varying sizes, including D-20k (comprising 10,000 true positive and true negative images) and D-10k (comprising 5,000 true positive and true negative images). Additionally, knowledge distillation was performed on their corresponding student models across a range of temperature settings. After the process of student-teacher learning, the parameters of all student models were reduced. ResNet18 not only achieved higher accuracy (ACC≥0.989) but also maintained higher frames per second (FPS≥742.9) under its optimal temperature condition (T=1). Overall, the results suggest that employing knowledge distillation on the machine vision models enabled accurate and reliable weed detection in turf while reducing the need for extensive computational resources, thereby facilitating real-time weed detection and contributing to the development of smart, machine vision-based sprayers.

The Colourful Masks of Emotion in Multi-Language Switching: A Formal Literature Review

During the process of language learning, we automatically invest our emotions in perceiving and understanding words and sentences, which is a quite natural motivation for human to create interest on new matters. But how does emotion relate to language learning exist various phenomena full of complexity. This research aims to discuss the relationship between emotion and language learning with resources from previous literature, and unfolds a thematic classification with respect to measuring morality line between native and foreign language(s), anxiety in foreign language learning, how emotional intelligence helps build language competency, emotional difference when using native language and foreign languages, a close look at emotion in second language learning, cross-linguistic self-cognition, and reflection on Emotions and Multilingualism, a typical book including charisma of emotion in learning different languages. This paper concludes several featured types of emotion stimulating or inspired by multi-languages, confirms the effect of emotion in language learning, and provides foundation for further studies in exploring one’s mental power to learn languages.

Emerging Technologies and Applications of AI Chips: Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms with Advanced Hardware Architectures

Due to the ongoing promotion of the latest technological revolution and industrial upgrading, as well as the widespread use of artificial intelligence and deep learning, the intelligent Internet of Things terminal has reached a more advanced stage of development. The combination of training data, model algorithms, and processing power is the basis for advancing artificial intelligence. The semiconductor business plays a crucial role in shaping the future of AI algorithms and the computing power industry. This study explores the progression of artificial intelligence, and essential technologies, and examines the categorization and structure of AI chips. The process of deep learning was then analyzed, demonstrating the application of AI in real life. Next, this study showcases distinct AI chip-related models, specifically designed for the automated implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The study then proceeds to examine the unique procedure and the significance of the resulting data. The future of AI was examined in the domains of space exploration, healthcare, and autonomous driving, along with future forecasts.

Geological (Dis)orientations: Training Sites, Storytelling, and Fieldwork in the Chilean Andes

This article explores place-based geological storytelling by examining the role of training sites in the geoscientific learning process. Based on ethnographic work conducted with geoscientists in the Liquiñe-Ofqui Geological Fault, I illustrate how sites located in the Chilean Andes have historically been used to practice geoscientific storytelling and to learn the language and theory of plate tectonics. Building on scholarship in STS and the history of science which has documented how plate tectonics and the associated paradigm shift changed the authority of field geology, I show how, rather than replacing fieldwork, place-based observations still play a central role in helping students gain a professional vision in geology. Reflecting on fieldwork training sites and geoscientists’ negotiated attempts to tell geological stories, this article speaks to the question: from where are the stories of the earth told?

The Harm of Nature and the Light of Man: Philosophical and Theological Reflections on Gratitude and Growth from Disaster

This article explores in depth the multiple implications of natural disasters, especially in the context of scientific progress, human solidarity, and theology. Firstly, this paper reviews the catastrophic impact of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and discusses the multi-dimensional effect of natural disasters on human society and its profound philosophical and theological significance. Despite the devastation and suffering caused by the disaster, Americans have shown a strong sense of gratitude. Then, from the dialectical point of view, the author analyzes the cosmological view of the coexistence of good and evil and emphasizes the positive role of natural disasters in promoting scientific and technological progress, promoting human unity, stimulating learning motivation, and demonstrating free will.Further, from the perspective of philosophy and theology, the paper expounds on the intrinsic value of pursuing knowledge and exercising natural disasters on free will. The learning process of natural laws deepens human understanding of the world. It strengthens human free will, making people more autonomous and independent in the face of good and evil choices.At the same time, from the theology perspective, this paper compares the different understandings of natural disasters and human suffering between atheism and theism. It reveals the respect for human autonomy and the essence of faith behind God’s non-intervention. In the end, the article concludes that natural disasters, while a source of suffering, are also catalysts for human growth and gratitude, encouraging us to look at disasters from a broader perspective and draw strength and wisdom from them.

Maojok: Akulturasi Ilmu Gramatika Arab di Minangkabau (Studi Kasus Pondok Pesantren Nurul Yaqin, Ringan-Ringan)

This research aims to describe the process of acculturation of Arabic grammar in Minangkau using the maojok method. The method used in the research is a qualitative method. Data was obtained by means of interviews, observations and documents. The results of this research show that the maojok method which is an integral part of the learning process at the Nurul Yaqin Islamic Boarding School is a real implementation of the concept of acculturation. Assimilation occurs through combining Arabic language patterns with Minangkabau language in this method. Integration is realized in an effort to maintain local cultural identity while combining elements of Arab culture. Accommodation is seen in joint efforts between teachers and students to create a harmonious learning situation by combining the two cultures. Meanwhile, cultural defense is reflected in the continued use of the maojok method as a cultural heritage of Islamic boarding schools that must be maintained.

Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Chatgpt Sebagai Pendukung Alat Pembelajaran Bagi Guru SMP PGRI 8 Sidoarjo

In the ever-evolving digital era, education faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Technology is now an integrated part of the learning process, providing various tools that can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of education. One technological innovation that has great potential to support educators is ChatGPT. This ability can be utilized by teachers for various purposes, including in making learning tools. With the help of ChatGPT, teachers can save time and energy in designing teaching materials, assignments and learning evaluations that suit students' needs (Kharis et al., 2024). The teachers at SMP PGRI 8 Sidoarjo have not made much use of technology that makes it easier for them to prepare learning tools. This can be seen from the results of initial observations which show that 71.4% of teachers have never used applications or technology that makes it easier to create learning tools. This Community Service implementation was carried out with the aim of introducing, socializing and assisting teachers in utilizing ChatGPT to develop learning tools more quickly, effectively and efficiently. The results of participant responses regarding the implementation of activities are measured by participant satisfaction, which is the average of participant satisfaction with the satisfaction indicator factors. In this activity, 84.46% of participants gave an average rating of very good to the statement items in the questionnaire, which can be interpreted as meaning that 84.46% of participants were very satisfied.