Learning Process Research Articles

Locating Subalternity in Tribal Politics in India with Special Reference to Uttar Pradesh

The study of tribal politics in India has broadly followed two patterns. The first is the preoccupation of scholars with the question of integration of tribals into the 'mainstream' or the 'real political process' which is almost coterminous with the imaginary of what can commonly be referred to as the 'learning process' of 'nationalist politics'. (1) The second approach is an offshoot of the first and scholars have been preoccupied with the question of the impossibility of resolving the issues faced by tribals within the first framework. Accordingly, this framework tries to take out the discourse of tribal politics from what is perceived as a 'narrow and partial' approach to study the contribution made by the 'people on their own' as Ranajit Guha puts it. The subaltern Studies Collective started by Guha in the 1980s provided a trenchant critique of nationalist politics. With tribal communities getting increasingly embroiled in political action with development induced displacement in post Independent India, such an approach has gained further traction. (2) The paper makes a limited attempt to study the interaction of tribal politics in one of India's largest states, Uttar Pradesh, vis a vis, attempts to incorporate them into the 'mainstream' through various practices that lie at the intersection of the 'public' and 'private' by placing religion at the centre of identity formation. Historically tribal zones in India have remained under the influence of Christian missionaries and Naxalites. Hindu organisations started work among tribals from the 1990s and their activities can be seen as a countervailing influence against the Christian missionary activities. One of the most popular tropes used by Hindu organisations was that of a creation of a ‘national identity’ among the tribals which was quintessentially a political process. Although anthropologists have long studied the process of Hinduisation' among tribal communities. The paper will show the changing nature of state practices in India vis a vis the tribals who are identified as 'subalterns' and thus be useful for comparative studies across states.

Fostering Student Motivation Through Teacher Competence

Teacher competency is the teacher's ability to direct the student learning process in the classroom. Teachers have an important role for students both in the classroom and outside the classroom, therefore teacher competence in teaching is very important. Competence is behavior that is reasonable in order to achieve goals that were previously adjusted due to existing conditions so that competence can be interpreted as a skill and ability. Teachers have an important role to guide students in the learning process. The teacher's ability to design effective learning strategies, understand students' individual needs, and present material in an interesting way can influence students' motivation to learn. In participating in the learning process, each student's motivation is different, some are high and some are low, in this case the teacher must influence student motivation externally to form students' internal motivation. The aim of this research is to analyze teacher competence to increase student learning motivation. The method used is a literature study which focuses on research on teacher competency to increase student learning motivation. The results of the literature review regarding teacher competence to improve student learning can be achieved by increasing the existing competence of each teacher so that this goal is achieved optimally

Reform and Innovation of College English Teaching Under the Background of Mobile Internet and Big Data

The rapid development of mobile Internet has brought new development opportunities to college education and teaching. Taking university English teaching as the research object, this paper analyses the characteristics of mobile Internet in the classroom, WeChat platform, English learning app and other forms of teaching, the changes and influence of mobile Internet on English teaching, and its application in university English teaching. According to the actual teaching situation, a comprehensive evaluation system based on the learning process and results was established. The results show that the university English teaching model based on mobile Internet and the innovative evaluation and examination system can effectively improve the teaching efficiency and students' independent and sustainable learning ability. Through the reform of university English teaching, students' academic performance and learning ability have been improved. The research results are of great practical significance for promoting the reform and innovative practice of university English teaching.

GELT: A graph embeddings based lite-transformer for knowledge tracing.

The development of intelligent education has led to the emergence of knowledge tracing as a fundamental task in the learning process. Traditionally, the knowledge state of each student has been determined by assessing their performance in previous learning activities. In recent years, Deep Learning approaches have shown promising results in capturing complex representations of human learning activities. However, the interpretability of these models is often compromised due to the end-to-end training strategy they employ. To address this challenge, we draw inspiration from advancements in graph neural networks and propose a novel model called GELT (Graph Embeddings based Lite-Transformer). The purpose of this model is to uncover and understand the relationships between skills and questions. Additionally, we introduce an energy-saving attention mechanism for predicting knowledge states that is both simple and effective. This approach maintains high prediction accuracy while significantly reducing computational costs compared to conventional attention mechanisms. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed model compared to other state-of-the-art baselines on three publicly available real-world datasets for knowledge tracking.

Revitalizing Religious Learning in Madrasah Through the Use of Technology

In today's digital age, the use of information technology (IT) has become commonplace in many aspects of life, including in education. This study deals with the use of IT as a tool for revitalizing religious learning in madrasah with the aim of improving the effectiveness and quality of teaching learning processes. In the context of the madrasah, religious learning is often considered monotonous and less attractive, so the use of IT is expected to enrich teaching methods and expand students' access to diverse learning resources. This research uses literary methods by searching for references in accordance with the context of the research. Research results show that IT has great potential in supporting more interactive and enjoyable learning. Some examples of successful IT implementations include the use of interactive learning applications, social media for learning discussions, the creation of digital content such as educational videos and podcasts, and the implementation of Learning Management System (LMS) to facilitate student progress tracking. However, the study also identified barriers, such as infrastructure constraints, lack of training for teachers, and resistance to change on some sides. To overcome these obstacles, joint efforts between educational institutions, governments, and communities are needed to improve the availability of facilities, as well as conduct a comprehensive teacher training programme in the use of IT. Therefore, with adequate support and mature planning, IT can be a powerful tool in revitalizing religious learning in the madrasah, thereby producing a more dynamic, interactive, and adapted learning process

Emotional impact and performance in serious games: investigating computational thinking in inclusive education

Serious games have the potential to improve teaching and learning processes by attracting, inspiring and motivating students’ interest. By using educational games, students can develop skills that encompass the computational thinking, enabling students to solve real problems. Given the importance of the development of computational thinking for all students, including those with disabilities, this article aims to evaluate the impact of the insertion of serious games on teaching and learning basic computational thinking concepts in inclusive education. We analyze and correlate the emotional and performance aspects, in order to emotional and performance aspects can contribute to better interactions among students in inclusive education and interaction barriers can impact negativelly on task performance and playability. For this purpose, we selected two serious games and recruited nineteen students with special needs to perform a set of tasks in each game. We measured the emotional and performance aspects through the Geneva Emotions and performance wheel. The results indicate a strong correlation between positive students’ emotions and good students’ performance, significantly impacting the accomplishment of tasks and playability of games.

Improving Elementary School Students’ Wudu Ablution Skills With The Use of Images and Audio-Visual Props

This research aims to evaluate the ablution proficiency of second-grade students at 24 Biaro State Elementary School during the academic year 2023/2024 and to explore the effectiveness of using visual and audio-visual media in enhancing this skill. Previously, ablution instruction at this school primarily relied on lecture-based methods that often failed to actively engage students, resulting in suboptimal learning outcomes. However, with the introduction of visual and audio-visual aids as a new innovation in ablution instruction, the learning environment has become more stimulating and interactive. The use of these media provides students with the opportunity to actively participate in the learning process. They can clearly observe the correct sequence and techniques for performing ablution, both in physical movements and in reciting relevant verses. The importance of accurate pronunciation in ablution recitations is also emphasized, prompting the researcher to adopt a method of reciting the verses aloud to swiftly detect and correct pronunciation errors. Data collected from this study were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The results indicate a significant improvement in ablution proficiency when visual and audio-visual media are employed in instruction. Comparisons of students' practical test results from pre-cycle to cycle II show consistent improvement, with the highest scores achieved in cycle II. This confirms the hypothesis that the use of visual and audio-visual aids can enhance ablution proficiency among second-grade students at 24 Biaro State Elementary School.

Problematika Akhlak Peserta Didik dalam Mengikuti Proses Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam

The morals of students can be influenced by the surrounding environment. Local culture can also play an important role in shaping children's behavior and morals. Because a person's morals can be influenced by local cultural, environmental, and educational factors. It is important to understand and appreciate this diversity in an effort to improve character education throughout the region. In some areas such as the Pagar Alam area as we know the people in this area are very known for their friendliness even though the tone of speech in the Sumatra area is known for a speech style that sounds harsh if heard by others but in fact it is not. The purpose of this study is to know the moral problems of students when participating in the learning process and to know solutions in overcoming the moral problems of students in following the learning process of Islamic Religious Education. This kind of research. Qualitative research The approach used by researchers is a qualitative descriptive approach Data collection techniques used and to support the author's research data using interview guidelines, observation guidelines and documentation. There are students who do not want to be reprimanded or given directions, so the teacher will not force the child but the teacher there will still do or give punishment if the student violates the rules.

The Impact of Positivity in Multi Business Model Innovation in a World of VUCA – How Can Positive Emotions Stimulate the MBMI Process?

The importance of right speed, effectiveness, efficiency and learning in Multi Business Model Innovation (MBMI) is vital to meet today’s Volatile, Uncertainty, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA) challenges to survive as a Business in Business Model EcosystemS (BMES). Coronavirus pandemic, war in Ukraine, volatile global material and resource prices and deliveries, cyberattacks make big external VUCA events to Businesses. VUCA can also come from the inside of the Business as management style change, interventions or a burn down of the Business. How can Businesses under these VUCA conditions still do high quality MBMI? How can MBMI participants and teams in these processes increase their MBMI output? This paper investigates the impact of positive emotions, relatedness and creativity on the outcome of three different MBMI processes in three different Business Model Ecosystems influenced by VUCA. Positivity, relatedness and creativity are hypothesized as components to strengthen the individuals’ search for meaning in VUCA and for their motivation to act in MBMI processes influenced by VUCA. The study is conducted as a mix method research project in the view of MBMI and psychological theory – particularly the concept of positive emotions and relatedness as mental states for learning and knowledge creation. Interviews and observations show that individuals in networks and teams with a mood of positivity strengthen MBMI and the MBMI learning and creation process. Thus, our intention for further research is twofold: Training in positivity in teams can stimulate the courage to make disruptive solutions sufficient for VUCA. Secondly, in searching for the MBMI mindset psychological traits will be studied by the Big Five profile test. This opens for recruitment of participants to optimizing MBMI teams. Main contributions are: • Positive emotions and relatedness strengthen the urge to learn and to create in VUCA – searching for meaning and motivation to act is related to this concept. • Learning and creative processes increase, since the basis of positivity and relatedness in individuals, teams and networks are strengthened. • Innovative outcome seems of a higher quality when based on positive emotions. Research in positive emotions in Business Model Innovation is rare. • Positive emotion is the core concept and by training of positivity, it may strengthen the MBMI processes and the VUCA competences. • The outcomes and solution of the MBMI processes in the case study show mainly incremental and radical MBMI – only one is disruptive.

The Speed of Injury and Its Concussion Among Some Basic Skills for Youth Football

The current research aimed to identify the speed of motor response to some basic skills in youth soccer players, and to identify the relationship between some basic skills and the speed of motor response in youth soccer players. The descriptive method was used by the researcher in the form of correlations to fit the research question. The research community was represented by young football players of the Border Sports Club in football, and the number of players (26) players were selected by the random method, and the researcher chose the research sample by random method and consisted of (18) players, the goalkeepers were excluded from the lottery and their number (3) and the sample was excluded from the exploratory experiment and their number (5). The speed of reaction test and the basic skills test were determined after being presented to a group of experts and specialists who considered it one of the most important basic skills in the game of football, as most scientific sources emphasize that it is the basis of the learning and training process in the game of football. And because mastering this skill will quickly help improve the performance of other skills. The researcher relied on the statistical package (SPSS) version (25). The researcher concluded from her study that young soccer players are characterized by fast motor response, and that the speed of motor response has an effective role in the accuracy of some special skills, including the skill of handling, rolling and shooting for young soccer players.

Comparison of Sentiment Analysis Methods Used to Investigate the Quality of Teaching Aids Based on Virtual Simulators of Embedded Systems

Virtual simulators of embedded systems and analyses of student surveys regarding their use at the early stage of the process of learning embedded systems, are presented in this article. The questionnaires were prepared in the Polish language, and the answers were automatically translated into English using two publicly available translators. The results of users’ experiences and feelings related to the use of virtual simulators are shown on the basis of detected sentiment using three chosen analysis methods: the Flair NLP library, the Pattern library, and the BERT NLP model. The results of the selected sentiment detection methods were compared and related to users reference answers, which gives information about the methods quality of the methods and their possible use in the automated review analysis process. This paper comprises detailed sentiment analysis results with a broader statistical approach for each question. Based on the students feedback and sentiment analysis, a new version of the TMSLAB v.2 virtual simulator was created.

Stripe-Assisted Global Transformer and Spatial–Temporal Enhancement for Vehicle Re-Identification

As a core technology in intelligent transportation systems, vehicle re-identification has attracted growing attention. Most existing methods use CNNs to extract global and local features from vehicle images and roughly integrate them for identifying vehicles, addressing intra-class similarity and inter-class difference. However, a significant challenge arises from redundant information between global and local features and possible misalignment among local features, resulting in suboptimal efficiency when combined. To further improve vehicle re-identification, we propose a stripe-assisted global transformer (SaGT) method, which leverages a dual-branch network based on transformers to learn a discriminative whole representation for each vehicle image. Specifically, one branch exploits a standard transformer layer to extract a global feature, while the other branch employs a stripe feature module (SFM) to construct stripe-based features. To further facilitate the effective incorporation of local information into the learning process of the global feature, we introduce a novel stripe-assisted global loss (SaGL), which combines ID losses to optimize the model. Considering redundancy, we only use the global feature for inference, as we enhance the whole representation with stripe-specific details. Finally, we introduce a spatial-temporal probability (STPro) to provide a complementary metric for robust vehicle re-identification. Extensive and comprehensive evaluations on two public datasets validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method.

Promote Innovation In Madrasah Through The Use Of Educational Technology

The research aims to explore and evaluate the application of educational technology in promoting learning innovation in the madrasah. With the increasing importance of technology integration in the world of education, madrasas also need to adapt teaching methods by integrating relevant digital tools and resources. The research digs into a range of strategies that can be applied by the matrasah to integrate educational technology effectively, including teacher training, developing technological infrastructure, revising curricula, and applying project-based learning using technology. The study uses a qualitative approach through literary research methods, by reviewing and analyzing previous studies, reports, and data on similar topics. Research results show that the use of educational technology in the madrasah has significant potential to drive innovation in the teaching learning process. The training and professional development of teachers is identified as a key factor in the successful implementation of technology, with adequate technological infrastructure as an essential prerequisite. The integration of curricula with digital resources and the implementation of technology-supported project-based learning strategies has proven to enhance student engagement and deepen their understanding of the subject matter. However, challenges such as limited access to technological resources, lack of effective teacher training, and resistance to change in traditional learning practices are also identified as obstacles to be overcome.

Enhancing Students' Vocabulary through Interactive Word Wall Learning at SMP Yanbu'ul Hikmah

Possessing a sufficient vocabulary in English might motivate someone to write and converse in the language. Therefore, it is thought that vocabulary mastering is crucial for both the process of learning a language and the growth of a person's ability to learn a language. The number and quality of a person's vocabulary determine the level of their language abilities. Action research is the desired and appropriate research design for this study. The findings indicate that the efforts made by the researchers and their partners to use word wall learning materials to help third-grade SMP YANBUUL HIKMAH better understand English vocabulary has increased. Third-grade students agreed that using word wall media to study English will help them become more proficient in the vocabulary learning process is considered successful when there is a positive change in the student's overall self, or at least in part, 75% of the time. This is demonstrated by the learning outcomes. Therefore, it can be said that class III pupils'' mastery of the English vocabulary can be enhanced by using word wall media.

Acute Stress Effects on Statistical Learning and Episodic Memory.

Stress is widely considered to negatively impact hippocampal function, thus impairing episodic memory. However, the hippocampus is not merely the seat of episodic memory. Rather, it also (via distinct circuitry) supports statistical learning. On the basis of rodent work suggesting that stress may impair the hippocampal pathway involved in episodic memory while sparing or enhancing the pathway involved in statistical learning, we developed a behavioral experiment to investigate the effects of acute stress on both episodic memory and statistical learning in humans. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: stress (socially evaluated cold pressor) immediately before learning, stress ∼15 min before learning, or no stress. In the learning task, participants viewed a series of trial-unique scenes (allowing for episodic encoding of each image) in which certain scene categories reliably followed one another (allowing for statistical learning of associations between paired categories). Memory was assessed 24 hr later to isolate stress effects on encoding/learning rather than retrieval. We found modest support for our hypothesis that acute stress can amplify statistical learning: Only participants stressed ∼15 min in advance exhibited reliable evidence of learning across multiple measures. Furthermore, stress-induced cortisol levels predicted statistical learning retention 24 hr later. In contrast, episodic memory did not differ by stress condition, although we did find preliminary evidence that acute stress promoted memory for statistically predictable information and attenuated competition between statistical and episodic encoding. Together, these findings provide initial insights into how stress may differentially modulate learning processes within the hippocampus.

A novel approach of brain-computer interfacing (BCI) and Grad-CAM based explainable artificial intelligence: Use case scenario for smart healthcare

BackgroundIn order to push the frontiers of brain-computer interface (BCI) and neuron-electronics, this research presents a novel framework that combines cutting-edge technologies for improved brain-related diagnostics in smart healthcare. This research offers a ground-breaking application of transparent strategies to BCI, promoting openness and confidence in brain-computer interactions and taking inspiration from Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) based Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methodology. The landscape of healthcare diagnostics is about to be redefined by the integration of various technologies, especially when it comes to illnesses related to the brain. New methodA novel approach has been proposed in this study comprising of Xception architecture which is trained on imagenet database following transfer learning process for extraction of significant features from magnetic resonance imaging dataset acquired from publicly available distinct sources as an input and linear support vector machine has been used for distinguishing distinct classes.Afterwards, gradient-weighted class activation mapping has been deployed as the foundation for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for generating informative heatmaps, representing spatial localization of features which were focused to achieve model’s predictions. ResultsThus, the proposed model not only provides accurate outcomes but also provides transparency for the predictions generated by the Xception network to diagnose presence of abnormal tissues and avoids overfitting issues. Hyperparameters along with performance-metrics are also obtained while validating the proposed network on unseen brain MRI scans to ensure effectiveness of the proposed network. Comparison with existing methods and conclusionsThe integration of Grad-CAM based explainable artificial intelligence with deep neural network namely Xception offers a significant impact in diagnosing brain tumor disease while highlighting the specific regions of input brain MRI images responsible for making predictions. In this study, the proposed network results in 98.92% accuracy, 98.15% precision, 99.09% sensitivity, 98.18% specificity and 98.91% dice-coefficient while identifying presence of abnormal tissues in the brain. Thus, Xception model trained on distinct dataset following transfer learning process offers remarkable diagnostic accuracy and linear support vector act as a classifier to provide efficient classification among distinct classes. In addition, the deployed explainable artificial intelligence approach helps in revealing the reasoning behind predictions made by deep neural network having black-box nature and provides a clear perspective to assist medical experts in achieving trustworthiness and transparency while diagnosing brain tumor disease in the smart healthcare

Metacognitive self regulation integrated with science technology society to improving problem solving ability in microbiology courses

The purpose of this study was to improve students’ problem-solving ability and metacognitive self-regulation (MSR) by applying science technology society (STS) learning model integrated with metacognitive self-regulation. The participants were 13 students from Department of Biology Education who took microbiology courses. A quasi-experimental method with one-group pre and posttest design was used in this study. Data were collected through pre and posttest with eight open ended questions to measure students’ problem-solving ability on four microbiology topics (food, pathogen, waste and water microbiology). These topics were studied sequentially in two months. The instrument used to measure MSR is a questionnaire with open-ended questions. This questionnaire was developed based on three aspects of MSR namely, planning, monitoring and evaluation. MSR questionnaire was administered to students at the end of each topic. The N-gain test was used to analyze the improvement of students' problem-solving ability on each topic. The average score of all aspects in MSR questionnaire was used to explore students’ metacognitive self-regulation. The correlation between MSR and problem-solving ability was analyzed using Pearson correlation. The results revealed that the N gain score of problem-solving ability was increased from 0.56 in the first topic to 0.7 in the next three topics. The average of MSR score also increased from 66.15 in the first topic to 87.23 in fourth topic. There was a positive correlation between students’ MSR and problem-solving ability. These results indicated that application of Science Technology Society integrated with MSR is an effective strategy in improving students’ problem-solving ability and MSR. The implementation of this research is to develop a lecture program as an effort to improve the learning process

A Hybrid Escape Room to Foster Motivation and Programming Education for Pre-Service Teachers

Educational escape rooms aims to motivate students, to strengthen knowledge and evaluate learning. Pre-service teachers enrolled in “Computer Science and Digital Competency” course shows lack of motivation and difficulties to realise its usefulness in everyday practice, becoming an ideal context to apply this strategy. 157 students belonging to a European university participated in the experience as case study. The educational escape room was conducted following a hybrid model, mixing a physical organization of props with a virtual organization of the narrative, tests and achievements. The experiment was designed to answer two hypotheses, first if applying escape room as an educational strategy fosters pre-primary and primary students' motivation, since this method address complex concepts in a practical way, and second, if the application of this strategy as teaching strategy makes students perceive the learning process as a game.

When the parish turns into a classroom: teaching pluriliteracies in regional collateral languages through place-based education (the case of Latgalian)

ABSTRACT Our paper discusses ways of connecting the acquisition of a regional language with learning processes related to specific places. For this aim, we relate the investigation of the Linguistic Landscape (LL) to the pluriliteracies teaching approach and to place-based learning. As an example, we use the case of Latgalian in Latvia: How can local multilingual and sociocultural realities as identified in the linguistic landscape enrich disciplinary content in regional language teaching, while also enhancing language awareness and active engagement among the students? And how can place-based education be used for developing (pluri)literacy in regional collateral languages? To this end, the paper first provides the background to place-based education, before turning to roles of Latgalian in public space and a recent LL study in Latgale. Then, we provide suggestions of how to ‘turn the parish into a classroom’, but also of how ‘to bring the parish into the class’ by using digital resources, e.g. language corpora. Finally, we suggest a set of components that influence place-based education for developing literacy in a regional collateral language and which may be taken into consideration when preparing educational projects. This paper is complementary to two other papers on Latgalian in this special issue.

Developing science magazine integrated with contextual teaching and learning approach based on local potential in talang siring beach, Indonesia

One of exciting learning media is magazine in which students prefer to read this rather than books since magazine contains of various colorful images and appropriate information. Magazine can be developed by integrating with science learning approach in order that students can comprehend the concepts easier. This study aims at developing science magazine which is integrated with contextual teaching and learning approach according to the study findings in Talang Siring. The research included in a research and development study, using Borg and Gall model. The research was conducted on October to November 2022, which is located in Talang Siring Pamekasan, Indonesia by identifying ecosystem of beach and mangrove. Furthermore, the observation findings were arranged systematically in developing science magazine. Science magazine was evaluated by experts in concept and learning media. Findings indicated that the science magazine is valid with media validity score 93.5 and content validity score 91.6. Therefore, it is appropriate to implemented in science learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that science magazine is able to be used as learning media in science learning process