Behavioral Learning Research Articles

PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TERHADAP PERILAKU SISWA

Islamic Religious Education has an important influence on the behavior and morals of students, so that schools, teachers and parents have a role in providing facilities to support the quality of good behavior and morals. However, in general-based schools such as SMAN there are students who behave less well due to the lack of moral inculcation given so that there is a need to increase religious learning. This study aims to analyze Islamic religious learning in terms of student behavior and measure Islamic religious learning that influences student behavior. The method in this research is to use Analytical Descriptive by describing and providing an overview of a research object through collected data or samples. The data is in the form of quantitative data or data that shows results in the form of numbers while the data collection techniques used are in the form of observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the study show that learning Islamic Religious Education has a significant influence on the behavior of students at Pelita Tiga High School so that teachers should always provide encouragement and motivation to improve moral formation in the school environment and the community environment.

Does Flexible Human Resource Management Promote Firm Innovativeness? The Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior and Organizational Learning Capability

Does Flexible Human Resource Management Promote Firm Innovativeness? The Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior and Organizational Learning Capability

Behavioral Modeling and Prediction in Social Perception and Computing: A Survey

More data are generated through interaction between cyber space, physical space, and social space thanks to mobile network technology, giving birth to the so-called cyber–physical social intelligent ecosystem (C&P-SIE). This survey studies the development of physical social intelligence. First, it classifies and discusses the behavior modeling, learning, and adaptation applications of C&P-SIE from intelligent transportation, healthcare, public service, economy, and social networking. Then, it prospects the application of behavior modeling in the C&P-SIE from the perspectives of information security, data-driven techniques, and modeling learning under cooperative artificial intelligence technologies. The research provides a theoretical basis and new opportunities for the digital and intelligent development of smart cities and social systems.

Guest Editorial Special Issue on Behavioral Modeling, Learning, and Adaptation in Cyber–Physical–Social Intelligence

Guest Editorial Special Issue on Behavioral Modeling, Learning, and Adaptation in Cyber–Physical–Social Intelligence

Developing Mind Mapping-Based Teaching Materials for Teaching Self-Care Skill Adaptive Behavior to Students with Multiple Disabilities Visual Impairment (MDVI)

Limitations on more than one aspect, cause multiple disability visual impairment (MDVI) students to experience obstacles in carrying out daily activities related to self-care skills. Students need adaptive behavioral learning to provide them with self-reliance. However, teaching materials for adaptive behavior learning are limited. Teachers need teaching materials that can accommodate the learning process of adaptive behavior for students with MDVI. This study aims to develop mind-mapping-based teaching materials for adaptive behavior. Research and development refer to the steps of the ADDIE model. The results of the study explain that the teaching materials are feasible based on assessments from material experts, media experts, and practitioners so that they can be used in the learning process. The teaching materials developed can be the solution for teachers in the process of teaching adaptive behavior for students with MDVI to be skilled in carrying out daily activities.

Mirror, Mirror, in My Mind: An Ethological Approach to Shaping Student Behavior

This paper introduces an ethology for understanding student behavior and creating interventions to shape positive social, emotional, and academic performance. Rooted in the principles of applied behavior analysis and learning theories, the author suggests a proactive perspective to observing and shaping student behaviors in a post-pandemic era and provides one tool for flipping and reframing a student’s mindset to promote constructive thinking and positive social behaviors.

Lethal adulthood myelin breakdown by oligodendrocyte-specific Ddx54 knockout

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading disease that causes disability in young adults. We have previously shown that a DEAD-box RNA helicase Ddx54 binds to mRNA and protein isoforms of myelin basic protein (MBP) and that Ddx54 siRNA blocking abrogates oligodendrocyte migration and myelination. Herein, we show that MBP-driven Ddx54 knockout mice (Ddx54 fl/fl;MBP-Cre), after the completion of normal postnatal myelination, gradually develop abnormalities in behavioral profiles and learning ability, inner myelin sheath breakdown, loss of myelinated axons, apoptosis of oligodendrocytes, astrocyte and microglia activation, and they die within 7months but show minimal peripheral immune cell infiltration. Myelin in Ddx54fl/fl;MBP-Cre is highly vulnerable to the neurotoxicant cuprizone and Ddx54 knockdown greatly impairs myelination invitro. Ddx54 expression in oligodendrocyte-lineage cells decreased in corpus callosum of MS patients. Our results demonstrate that Ddx54 is indispensable for myelin homeostasis, and they provide a demyelinating disease model based on intrinsic disintegration of adult myelin.

Deep reinforcement learning of passenger behavior in multimodal journey planning with proportional fairness

Multimodal transportation systems require an effective journey planner to allocate multiple passengers to transport operators. One example is mobility-as-a-service, a new mobility service that integrates various transport modes through a single platform. In such a multimodal and diverse journey planning problem, accommodating heterogeneous passengers with different and dynamic preferences can be challenging. Furthermore, passengers may behave based on experiences and expectations, in the sense that the transport experience affects their state and decision of the next transport service. Current methods of treating each journey planning optimization as a non-time varying single experience problem cannot adequately model passenger experience and memories over many journeys over time. In this paper, we model passenger experience as a Markov model where prior experiences have a transient effect on future long-term satisfaction and retention rate. As such, we formulate a multi-objective journey planning problem that considers individual passenger preferences, experiences, and memories. The proposed approach dynamically determines utility weights to obtain an optimal journey plan for individual passengers based on their status. To balance the profit received by each transport operator, we present a variant-based proportional fairness. Our experiments using real-world and synthetic datasets show that our approach enhances passenger satisfaction, compared to baseline methods. We demonstrate that the overall profit is increased by 2.3 times, resulting in a higher retention rate caused by higher satisfaction levels. Our proposed approach can facilitate the participation of transport operators and promote passenger acceptance of MaaS.

Effect of information literacy skills on university students’ information seeking behaviour and lifelong learning

This study investigated the influence of information literacy (IL) skills on students' information seeking behaviour and lifelong learning skills in Higher Educational institutions in Ghana, with particular reference to the University of Cape Coast (UCC). Using a mixed method approach, 278 students from the College of Education Studies, UCC were sampled for the study. The components of the American College and Research Library (ACRL) model was used to measure the information literacy competence level of the students. A content and bibliographic evaluation of students’ research projects were conducted using document analysis. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between information literacy skills and information seeking behaviour of students from data collected through questionnaires, interviews and document analysis. The results revealed that respondents had developed substantial skills in information literacy and lifelong learning skills and thus adopted positive attitudes in information seeking. The paper concludes that majority of the students were confident users of information. The study recommends that academic libraries should make available a wide array of information sources and deliberately run programmes to introduce students to those information sources as a way of building their competency levels in information literacy.

A review of research on AR-supported language learning

ABSTRACT Augmented Reality (AR) has gained significant attention in the field of language learning. This study conducted a systematic review of research on AR-supported language learning published between 2008 and 2022. Thirty articles were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzed using an analytical framework with the following dimensions: (1) technologies used, (2) target languages and skills, (3) theories and pedagogical approaches, (4) learning activities, (5) methodology used, and (6) major findings, including reported problems. The study yielded the following main outcomes. The majority of studies employed mobile devices for AR learning activities, with a focus on the English language and vocabulary acquisition as the most frequently trained language component. Scholars predominantly leveraged cognitive theory of multimedia learning along with game- and task-based learning approaches in their studies. The reviewed studies mainly involved students from higher education levels, with questionnaires being the most commonly used data collection method. Reported findings pertained to affective, behavioral, and language learning outcomes such as satisfaction, engagement, and speaking ability. Scholars identified proficiency in using AR, cooperation, design strategy, and application-related issues as challenges. Based on the results of the study, several implications and recommendations were presented by the authors.

Behavior learning based distributed tracking control for human-in-the-loop multi-agent systems

In this study, the distributed tracking problem for human-in-the-loop multi-agent systems (HiTL MASs) has been investigated. First, we construct an HiTL MAS model with a non-autonomous leader which can receive the control signal from a human operator and generate the desired trajectory. The human control signal is assumed to be generated by a leader’s state feedback control law with an unknown gain matrix that represents the control behavior of the human operator. Then, we propose a fully distributed adaptive control method that enables all followers to simultaneously track the human-controlled leader and online learn the unknown human operator’s feedback gain matrix. Furthermore, the parameter estimation error is also discussed, and all followers will learn the true value of the human operator’s feedback gain matrix when the state of the leader satisfies the persistent excitation (PE) condition. Moreover, a novel distributed adaptive control law is developed for each follower to remove the PE condition by utilizing the concurrent learning (CL) technique. Finally, simulated examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies are presented.

The role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Despite extensive research efforts, the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is still largely unknown. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays an important role in cognitive control and is therefore hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of OCD. In this review, we aim to gain a wider understanding of the specific functions of the dACC and its role in the pathophysiology of OCD. The dACC is part of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop, where it forms connections between sensory input streams, cognitive and affective processing regions, and structures that regulate behaviour. This position facilitates a broad function for the dACC in multiple domains, which center on goal-directed behaviour and reward-based learning. When presented with a certain threatening stimulus, the dACC instructs downstream structures to select actions to respond to this particular stimulus, based on previous experiences We hypothesize that hyperactivity of the dACC may impair goal-directed behaviour in OCD patients which in turn may lead to obsessive-compulsive symptoms by creating an over-reliance on threatening stimuli and inadequate selection of neutralizing actions. The working mechanisms of cognitive behavioural therapy, serotonergic medication, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation in OCD may be in part explained by the normalization of the activity of the dACC within the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) loop.

PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL, PERILAKU BELAJAR, DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN AKUNTANSI MAHASISWA DI YOGYAKARTA

The level of understanding of accounting is very important because it can know the knowledge that has been obtained during lectures to equip it to become an accountant so that it can carry out the role of the accounting profession in the business world. This study aims to determine the effect of emotional intelligence, learning behavior, and interest in learning on the level of understanding of accounting in students. Data collected in research throught online questionnaires. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of accounting students in semester 7 whose accounting study program has been accredited A and Unggul; taking or has taken courses in introduction to accounting, intermediate financial accounting, advanced financial accounting, auditing, and accounting theory. The sample of this study was 113 active students of the Accounting Study Program at UPY, UTY, UMY, UMBY, UAJY, UII, UST, UGM, UNY, UPNVY, and STIE YKPN Yogyakarta. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression models. This study shows that emotional intelligence affects the level of understanding of accounting, while learning behavior and interest learning do not affect the level of understanding of accounting

Model Pembelajaran Modifikasi Tingkah Laku Dan Implementasinya dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam

Behavioral modification-based learning model is considered necessary as it helps achieve learning outcome, that is to modify learners’ behavior to get expected personality. This model includes physical and biological aspects of learners. The model also requires a comprehensive and detail account of certain behaviors so that it can provide a comprehensive alternative to change the behavior. This literature study aims to explore how this behavioral modification-based learning model can be implemented in Islamic education. Data of the study are derived from relevant articles and books on behavioral modification and its relevance to Islamic education. Findings and analysis show that many aspects, principles, purposes, methods, and procedures of behavioral modification theory are applicable in the area of Islamic education. This is because the main of Islamic education is to change learners’ maladaptive behaviors into the adaptive and acceptable behavior. This modification is necessary to develop Muslim students with good characters.

Can community participation leverage changes in teacher behavior? Evidence from remote areas of Indonesia

Teacher accountability presents a formidable challenge to improving education quality in developing countries. This article examines the impact of KIAT Guru, a program enacted by the Indonesian government to address this issue. The initiative empowered communities to monitor teacher attendance and evaluate their performance. What impact did KIAT Guru have on teacher behavior and student learning? To answer these questions, we conducted case studies of nine schools. Our analysis highlights the benefits that can flow from a teacher accountability system overseen by community representatives but also underscores the importance of designing that system to fit the local context.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Education

This study aimed to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using artificial intelligence in education from the perspective of the students of Al Ain University. The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its compatibility to the study objectives. The study sample consisted of (184) students from Al Ain University in Al Ain City, who were selected using the random stratified sampling method. The questionnaire was developed and distributed by using Google Drive software. The results showed that most students think that artificial intelligence can improve learning personal experiences, process a considerable amount of data and improve task management. However, there have been different opinions about the ability of artificial intelligence to control students' behavior and direct learning, improve the efficiency of educational system, provide notes and reviews, reduce dependency on teachers, and enhance social interaction. Furthermore, several students expressed their concerns about the possible missing of traditional educational jobs, the costs of implementing artificial intelligence systems, the errors of programming and error-processing, and missing the human relationships in the classroom.
 
 Received: 10 May 2023 / Accepted: 22 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023

Is playing violent video games a risk factor for aggressive behaviour? Adding narcissism, self-esteem and PEGI ratings to the debate.

Aggressive behaviour is a challenge for society. There continues to be considerable debate over whether the consumption of violent video games affects aggression, as violent video game content has become more accessible in recent years due to the growing use of online distribution platforms. Personality traits often linked to aggression, such as narcissism and self-esteem, have been considered in the context of violent video game play and their relationship with aggression. We surveyed an international population of 166 game players on their personality traits and their three favourite video game choices, which were classified as violent or non-violent, using Pan European Game Information (PEGI) 16 and 18 ratings. We found that violent video game choice is a predictor of verbal aggression alongside narcissism, and hostility alongside self-esteem. A categorical regression highlighted the desire to impersonate society's undesirable role models (e.g., 'be a thief or a killer') as one of the motivations for aggression and violent video game choice. These findings show that video game violence should be considered a risk factor for aggression, as in other violent media, as it provides a social reinforcement of aggressive behaviour and observational learning of aggressive models, calling for the introduction of stricter online age verification procedures on online game platforms to safeguard children from violent video game content; and increased use of parental controls on content fruition. More granularity should be considered in the PEGI classifications.

Exploring the Affordances of Place-Based Education for Advancing Sustainability Education: The Role of Cognitive, Socio-Emotional and Behavioural Learning

The present paper explores the affordances of place-based education (PBE) to enhance the goals of sustainability education (SE). UNESCO, the leading international body responsible for advancing SE, assigns a central role to the three dimensions of cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioural learning as a means for advancing sustainability and the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. Thus far, little research attention has been given to examining pedagogical approaches that may be effective in supporting these learning dimensions. PBE has risen over the past years as a holistic educational approach that may be well situated for supporting SE goals. To evaluate its affordances, the study put forward the objectives to (i) examine the application of cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioural learning dimensions in empirical studies employing PBE; and (ii) examine the overall contribution of PBE to developing students’ sustainability awareness, as reflected in the PBE case-study literature. Multiple case-study analysis was employed for examining secondary resources, comprised of four PBE case studies reported in the literature. It was found that the implementation of PBE in the context of SE produced holistic learning outcomes across the three dimensions, as early as in kindergarten students. Through direct content with nature and the local community, students’ agency, voice and action competence increased, having ripple effects across the community, connecting the local with the global. PBE advanced inter-cultural sensitivity and promoted the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge in SE.

Safe MDP Planning by Learning Temporal Patterns of Undesirable Trajectories and Averting Negative Side Effects

In safe MDP planning, a cost function based on the current state and action is often used to specify safety aspects. In real world, often the state representation used may lack sufficient fidelity to specify such safety constraints. Operating based on an incomplete model can often produce unintended negative side effects (NSEs). To address these challenges, first, we associate safety signals with state-action trajectories (rather than just immediate state-action). This makes our safety model highly general. We also assume categorical safety labels are given for different trajectories, rather than a numerical cost function, which is harder to specify by the problem designer. We then employ a supervised learning model to learn such non-Markovian safety patterns. Second, we develop a Lagrange multiplier method, which incorporates the safety model and the underlying MDP model in a single computation graph to facilitate agent learning of safe behaviors. Finally, our empirical results on a variety of discrete and continuous domains show that this approach can satisfy complex non-Markovian safety constraints while optimizing agent's total returns, is highly scalable, and is also better than previous best approach for Markovian NSEs.

The Effect of a Coaching Clinic on Student-Coaches’ Behavior During a Basketball Sport Education Season With Preservice Teachers

Purpose: To investigate (a) if a coaching clinic (CC) impacted student-coaches’ behavior and academic learning time during a basketball Sport Education season and (b) if 3v3 game performance improved as a function of the coaching clinic. Method: Preservice teachers (n = 85) were randomly assigned to a CC or a comparison group and taught a 16-lesson Sport Education-based basketball season. The CC group received a coaching clinic in which student-coaches were introduced to core instructional skills, including task organization, task presentation, and delivering congruent feedback. Results: For both groups, coaching time significantly increased from 11.5% to 34.1%, p = .02, as well as cognitive learner involvement, p < .01. CC coaches provided significantly more demonstrations, p < .02. Players in the CC group had significantly greater improvement in 3v3 game play, p = .01. Conclusion: The clinic positively impacted student-coaches’ demonstrations, which likely contributed to improved 3v3 performance.