Selecting Learning Materials Research Articles

Managing Personalization and Collaboration in Education: A Systematic Review of Educational Practices

This systematic literature review analyzes 20 carefully selected documents from the Scopus database. This study explores ways that align with Islamic educational management's principles to balance personalized learning outcomes and community empowerment in academic settings. The selection of documents is based on relevance to the focus and recent developments in Islamic education. The qualitative analysis method uses thematic coding and VOS Viewer. The analysis results indicate that Islamic approaches like collaboration, reflection, and feedback can achieve balanced learning outcomes. Collaborative filtering helps select learning materials according to student's needs, while reflection and feedback strengthen positive interactions and ukhuwah within the learning community. In addition, computer-based learning and e-learning allow students to learn at their own pace. A flexible curriculum allows for adjustments to students' interests by the principle of taysir (making it easy). These findings recommend that educational institutions integrate a multifaceted approach to create an inclusive, adaptive, and Islamic-oriented learning environment.

Parental Discretionary Influence on their Children's Manner of Learning English Language

Parents serve as the first and most influential educators in a child's life, shaping their attitudes towards learning, fostering a supportive home environment conducive to academic success, and instilling crucial values such as perseverance and resilience. Beyond academic achievement, parental involvement contributes to the holistic development of students by promoting positive socio-emotional outcomes. When parents actively participate in their children's education, they provide a sense of security, support, and encouragement that bolsters their self-esteem and confidence This exploratory study delved into the concept of parental discretion in education and learning the English language. Purposive sampling (n=16) was carried out to sample the parents based on several demographic profiles i.e., educational background, monthly income, work, number of children, and language/dialects at home. Narratives from one-one-one interview were the primary data in this study. Findings indicated that parental discretion was characterized by (i) understanding child’s needs, (ii) adaptation, (iii) flexibility, (iv) autonomy, (v) supportive environment, (vi) reflection. Parents design their support strategies to their child's developmental stage, cognitive ability, and sociocultural milieu, trying to provide an adapted and helpful learning environment. Parents who exercise assessment in selecting learning materials and media content assure alignment with their child's educational goals and interests, which fosters engagement and facilitated effective learning. This study examined parental discretion in many different circumstances, stressing its significance in maximizing parent-child educational interactions and providing the framework for future research and practice.

Effects of Student Choice on Intrinsic Motivation and Language Proficiency in High School L2 Education

This literature review investigates the impact of student choice on intrinsic motivation and language proficiency in high school second language (L2) classrooms. The study addresses the existing gap in comprehensive research regarding how the implementation of student autonomy influences these educational outcomes. A systematic review of empirical studies, teaching practices, and peer-reviewed articles was conducted. Relevant keywords were used to search journals from different academic databases. The identified studies were evaluated based on their methodology, relevance, and quality. This review finds that providing students with autonomy in selecting learning materials and activities could enhance their intrinsic motivation. Increased autonomy fosters greater interest, engagement, and enjoyment in learning. However, the impact of autonomy on language proficiency is mixed. Some studies demonstrate improved proficiency due to personalised learning experiences, while others indicate that excessive autonomy without adequate instructional support can hinder language development. The review highlights the necessity of balancing autonomy with teacher guidance and considers the developmental stage of high school students. While student autonomy in high school L2 classrooms generally increases intrinsic motivation, its impact on language proficiency necessitates carefully combining autonomy with appropriate instructional support. This review underscores the need for longitudinal research to better understand the long-term effects of autonomy on motivation and proficiency, the development of sophisticated tools for measuring intrinsic motivation, and the implementation of practical strategies for integrating student choice in educational practices.

Moral Values and Social Values in the Novel Sawitri dan Tujuh Pohon Kelahiran by Mashdar Zainal as an Effort to Select Learning Materials for Literary Appreciation

Moral Values and Social Values in the Novel Sawitri dan Tujuh Pohon Kelahiran by Mashdar Zainal as an Effort to Select Learning Materials for Literary Appreciation

Enhancing media literacy skill building in pedagogical universities: Our view and experience

The article presents a review of the integration of media literacy content in foreign language courses at pedagogical higher education institutions. This study is aimed to share and present for academic discussion some of the authors’ perspectives that proved to be successful in mastering media literacy skills as well as in developing language competencies in EFL learners. A particular focus has been made on the methodological base, the principles and strategies of media literacy skill building as well as on the criteria for the selection of learning materials and techniques that ensure the effective implementation of media literacy programs into the existing syllabi. The use of contemporary teaching methods such as flipped classroom, problem-based learning, group projects, capitalizing on higher order thinking skills and interactive classroom activities is viewed as an integrated approach aimed to develop critical perception of media products alongside with a range of sociocultural and communicative competences in students of pedagogy. One of the main objectives of integrating media literacy content into a variety of tertiary courses is to enhance emotional resilience to manipulative influences of the media which is achieved through activating critical thinking skills referring to information flow as well as to students’ own media consumption habits. The pilot implementation being conducted in the terms of the international project “Learn to Discern”, preserved its original methodological constituents which included media literacy as such, information literacy, critical thinking, digital and visual literacy and fact checking skills. Acknowledgements The study is supported by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), the Embassy of the United States of America and the Embassy of the United Kingdom in Ukraine, in partnership with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Press Academy. Disclosure Statement The authors reported no potential conflicts of interest. * Corresponding author: Svitlana Buchatska, 0000-0001-6063-5858 sbuchatska@vspu.edu.ua

Project VoLL-KI

Abstract“Learning from Learners” (“Von Lernenden Lernen”, “VoLL-KI ” for short) is a is collaborative research project with the goal of creating a practical toolbox of instruments at different levels of abstraction to improve the learning experience and outcomes for students of artificial intelligence. Learning and teaching at tertiary education institutions are currently IT-based but not AI-supported. The VoLL-KI project aims to go this crucial next step. Using AI approaches (e.g., ML, symbolic AI, statistical AI), several educational technologies are developed on the different granularity of the study programs (e.g., course, semester, program). So, dashboards for study planning, recommender systems improving student advisory services and learning material selection, VR-based learning experiences, educational chatbots, and adaptive learning environments are developed. The systems are mostly deployed as prototypes

Familiarization with the phonetic diversity of the English language in the context of teaching students’ perception of authentic spoken language

Importance. Reception plays a significant role in the communication process in a foreign language and is reflected in the key documents that govern standards for foreign language education. As such, with increasing proficiency in a foreign language, the importance of utilizing authentic materials grows, and it becomes necessary for students to become familiar with non-standard (uncommon) varieties of the English language. This is not currently reflected in most educational settings, including language institutions. To address this issue, it is essential to justify the necessity for students to be acquainted with the phonetic variation of the English language and to consider matters related to clarifying the objectives and selection of accent teaching materials (in particular, developing criteria for selection). Additionally, it is important to explore effective methods and techniques as well as resources. The aim of the research is to identify the key invariant features of the accent and to investigate the impact of students’ understanding of phonetic variation on their direct comprehension of oral communication, to define the purpose, specific content, and to consider potential methods for designing such training.Research Methods. The study employed an analysis of the existing literature on the research topic, comparison, categorization, and generalization.Results and Discussion. The main characteristics of an accent and the impact of awareness of these characteristics on the perception of native-like foreign language speech are analyzed. The purpose of becoming familiar with phonetic variation is clarified, which involves, on the one hand, developing students' ability to comprehend native oral speech and, on the other, mastering research tools necessary for independent study of accents. Training content is explored, methods and techniques for familiarizing with phonetic variation are identified, and criteria for selecting learning materials are proposed.Conclusion. Targeted accent training contributes to the development of linguistic competence in general and an improved understanding of oral communication in particular. Due to the presence of multiple accents resulting from intercultural interaction, it is necessary to familiarize students with the basic characteristics of this phenomenon on the one hand and provide them with tools for self-study on the other. This is reflected in the content of training. The choice of methods to familiarize students with accents is limited by the localized nature of these accents. Training should focus on communication and the development of skills to understand authentic spoken language. This can be achieved through methods such as analysis, imitation, and transcription. The reliance on transcription for listening, the use of contrastive analysis, and the gradual increase in level of complexity, as well as the development of an academic community of learners, are all key factors contributing to the achievement of this goal.

Development of Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Learning in Polytechnic

This research is to investigate the design, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the Project Based Learning Model in the context of Object Oriented Programming Learning at Polytechnic. This study is categorised as research and development (R&D), employing a learning methodology that is derived from the ADDIE paradigm (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). Methods of data collection including the utilisation of observation and questionnaires. The data analysis methodologies employed include validity analysis, reliability analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness analysis. The study yielded the following results: (1) the Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming Learning encompasses the design of a Learning Model, the identification of Course Learning Outcomes (CPMK), the determination of Learning Outcome Indicators, the selection of Learning Materials, the development of Semester Learning Plans (RPS), the creation of Learning Modules, the formulation of Student Task Plans (RTM), and the establishment of Learning Outcome Assessment Rubrics. (2) The Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming Learning has a validity of 0.84, meeting the criteria for being highly valid. (3) The practicality of implementing the Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming Learning is rated at 3.38, falling under the very practical category. Additionally, the lecturer's responses to this learning model are also highly practical, with a rating of 3.44. (4) The effectiveness of the Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming Learning is rated as high based on student learning test results. Furthermore, students' responses to this learning model are highly effective, with a rating of 3.31. Hence, it can be inferred that the Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Learning fulfils the requirements of being legitimate, practical, and efficacious for usage at the Polytechnic.

Exploring the Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurship Courses at Indonesian Higher Education

Entrepreneurship education serves as an essential foundation within the mission of entrepreneurial universities. It plays a pivotal role in shaping students' mindsets and competencies. Achieving this objective also requires effective entrepreneurship teaching and curriculum design to align with the main goals of its implementation. The present study seeks to explore the overall students’ perceptions on the entrepreneurship courses. This is important to evaluate the course curriculum, delivery and other considerations to effectively facilitate students’ competencies, motivation and mindset to pursue entrepreneurship. Quantitative approach using survey method was employed to a small sample of 35 students (m=9, f=26) of undergraduate program of Management at Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia. The findings from the quantitative descriptive analysis reveal positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship courses, with students acknowledging their effectiveness in enhancing knowledge, fostering creativity and innovation, and increasing motivation towards entrepreneurship. This study recommends that entrepreneurship educators, instructional designers, and faculty members should carefully consider the selection of learning materials, teaching methods, and evaluation tasks. Additionally, facilitating or encouraging students to engage in extracurricular activities and providing counseling services are essential steps to involve students in practical, real-life entrepreneurial scenarios.

Mampu Memilih Dan Menentukan Bahan Pembelajaran

Basically, learning is a process carried out by teachers and students to create changes in the behavior of individual students. Changes that occur as a result of learning can take place in various forms, such as skills, habits, attitudes, acceptance, or appreciation, which include aspects of self-state, knowledge, or individual actions. In line with professional responsibility as a teacher, it is important for them to always prepare everything related to the learning program in carrying out learning activities. This assessment aims to find out the ability to choose and determine learning materials. This is a challenge for both teachers and learners. The research method applied in this paper is a qualitative method, suitable for investigating conditions or situations in an educational context. The literature study approach is used to collect information from various sources such as books and journals, which aim to support and complement the discussion. This objective must be in line with the competency standards and basic competencies that learners want to achieve. Therefore, the selected learning materials must really support the achievement of the basic competency standards and indicators that have been set. In the selection of learning materials, it is necessary to consider the type, scope, sequence, and way of presenting the material. Success is influenced by factors such as learning structure, student motivation, teacher expectations, classroom questions, and time optimization Finally, the discussion of character education includes the selection of a character education model that suits the school situation and delivery methods that are in line with the model. Methods such as modeling, active student participation, democracy, co-discovery, and hands-on learning are described as ways to deliver character education to students.

Analisis Landasan Epistemologis dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

This study aims to investigate the role and influence of epistemological foundations in the development of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum in junior high schools (SMP). The background of this research is based on the importance of the Islamic epistemological foundations in determining the validity and boundaries of knowledge within Islamic teachings, which is crucial to ensure the consistency and relevance of the PAI curriculum with the needs of students. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design involving document analysis and in-depth interviews as data collection techniques. The findings indicate that an understanding of the Islamic epistemological foundations influences the selection of learning materials, the development of teaching methods, and the integration of Islamic values in the PAI curriculum in SMP. The study also reveals challenges in the curriculum implementation, including differing interpretations of Islamic teachings, limited resources, and varying understandings of Islamic epistemology among teachers. The research concludes that a deep understanding of the Islamic epistemological foundations is a critical aspect in developing the PAI curriculum in SMP and requires collaborative efforts between educators, policymakers, and the Islamic community to overcome these challenges and ensure the effectiveness of Islamic religious education in schools. The implications of this study highlight the need for enhanced training and resources for teachers to strengthen the implementation of a curriculum based on the principles of Islamic epistemology.

Development of Interactive Learning Media Helped Kine Master on Themes of Objects, Animals, and Plants Around Me Class 1 SD

Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character and the skills needed by themselves and society. This type of research uses development research methods. or Research and Development (R&D). Research methods are used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. This research is intended to develop interactive learning media assisted by Kine Master with modifications to the design of the ADDIE model development which consists of several stages including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. From the results of the needs analysis, namely researchers looking for solutions by developing products in the form of interactive learning videos with the help of Kine Master Themes Objects, Animals and Plants Around Me Class 1 SD which can facilitate teachers and students in the learning process. The results of the curriculum analysis can be described as follows: The 2018 revision of the 2013 curriculum has been used at PELITA Vocational Schools and the learning objectives in the media are described from learning indicators, because not all material can be conveyed through interactive learning. Kine Master-assisted media, it is necessary to select learning materials that are guided by the Core Competencies and Basic Competencies of Grade 1 Elementary School semester. Based on the results of research and development that has been carried out by researchers it can be concluded that research and development uses stages with the ADDIE model which is modified into 3 stages, namely : analysis, design, and development have resulted in a product in the form of interactive learning media videos assisted by Kine Master on the themes of objects, animals and plants around me.

Development of Nahwu Learning Module for Students of Madrasah Diniyah Wali Songo Sukajadi Lampung| Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Nahwu untuk Peserta Didik Madrasah Diniyah Wali Songo Sukajadi Lampung

The development of nahwu learning modules for madrasah diniyah students aims to produce nahwu learning module products for madrasah diniyah students, find out the level of feasibility of nahwu learning module products for madrasah diniyah students, and find out how effective the use of nahwu learning module products for madrasah diniyah students. The research method uses research and development methods. This development research refers to the steps used in the development model described by Dick and Carey which has revision activities ranging from 1) Identifying general learning objectives, 2) Carrying out learning analysis, 3) Identifying behavior 4) Formulating performance objectives, 5) Develop test items, 6) Develop learning strategies, 7) Develop and select learning materials, 8) Design and carry out formative evaluations, 9) Revise learning materials. Data collection using assessment sheets, response questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests. The data analysis technique uses paired sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of this research are in the form of nahwu learning modules for Madrasah Diniyah students which can be an easy solution in understanding nahwu science. Module feasibility is obtained from the validation results of design experts and learning material experts with very feasible criteria. The effectiveness rate of the module was obtained from a small group trial of 90% with a very good response, Medium group trials were 95% with very good responses, and large group trials were 95% with very good responses. It can be concluded that this module has a very positive effect on the nahwu learning process for Madrasah Diniyah students.

MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PPKN MELALUI PENAYANGAN POP-UP SOCK DOLL BERBASIS PBL SISWA KELAS I SDN KAUMAN 1

The research carried out aims to increase learning outcomes of the concept of PPKn through viewing PBL-Based Sock Doll Pop-ups in grade I students. The research was conducted in November 2022 at SD Negeri Kauman 1 Malang City, Klojen District, Malang Regency. The type of research carried out was classroom action research which consisted of two cycles, namely cycle 1 and cycle II. This research was conducted in four meetings with PPKn subjects on Self-knowledge. The research subjects were class I students with a total of 27 students with specifications of 24 medium responses and 3 slow responses. Data collection techniques by way of observation and tests. The results show that learning outcomes through viewing PBL-Based Sock Doll Pop-ups has improved very well. The percentage of outcomes through reaches 100% with an average value of outcomes through of 92,96. So that you can see the advantages of applying PBL-based viewing Pop-up Sock Dolls is that it makes students better understand the material being taught, the drawback of this PBL-Based viewing Pop-up Sock Dolls is that it takes a very long time to prepare the media used and selection of learning materials to be taught.
 Keywords: learning outcomes; PBL (Problem Based Learning); Sock Dolls;

Implementasi Program Baca Tulis Al-Qur'an (BTA) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Baca Al-Qur'an di SMA Negeri 6 Solok Selatan

This study aims to determine the planning and implementation of the Koran reading and writing program in improving the ability to read the Koran. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Informants in this study were school principals, teachers of reading and writing the Koran, and students. with data analysis techniques namely observation, interviews and documentation, while data analysis techniques using data collection namely data reduction, data presentation, and and drawing conclusions and verification. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the planning of the Al-Qur'an reading and writing program in improving the ability to read the Qur'an was carried out by determining learning objectives, selecting learning materials, determining the methods used, and conducting learning evaluations. As well as the implementation of the Koran reading and writing program in improving the ability to read the Koran through three stages, namely the first preliminary activity, in this activity the teacher usually prays before learning. The two core activities, in this activity the teacher usually carries out according to the learning steps with the method used. And the third closing activity, in this activity the teacher usually evaluates and reinforces.

Comparing the Impact of Online Learning Platforms and Traditional Classroom Settings on Student Performance and Satisfaction

This study evaluated online and traditional learning for effectiveness and student satisfaction. 500 university students evaluated both learning methods. Data was quantified. Age, gender, and major were collected for diversity. Two questionnaires assessed student satisfaction and performance with online learning platforms and traditional classrooms. Likert-scale items rated satisfaction and efficacy. Online and traditional classrooms had interesting variances in student enjoyment and efficacy. Students liked online learning. Most students said online and traditional classrooms were beneficial. Online learning platforms were better at facilitating self-paced learning, tailored instruction, and a wide selection of learning materials. The findings can help educators and policymakers create and implement online learning platforms. The study also emphasizes the importance of student preferences and needs when constructing instructional tactics and the potential benefits of blended learning approaches that combine both learning modalities.

THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY ISSUES ON THE PAGES OF THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL “STUDIA UCRAINICA VARSOVIENSIA” (2013–2022: DEDICATED TO THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY)

The paper discusses a relevant topic for the Ukrainian linguistic didactics – a critical review of the articles published in the Polish journal «Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia» for the 2013–2022 period (ten issues), and is dedicated to the journal’s anniversary. The analysis shows that the journal under consideration contains (1) scientific papers, (2) reviews, (3) informative reviews of events related to the issue of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language. However, the publications are irregular in nature. Scientific researches aspectually present the material on some important issues of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language. They run about (1) the formation of a phraseological minimum for all learning levels: this problem is extremely difficult and has not been resolved so far; (2) the specifics of the textual learning material selection taking into account its stylistic propriety and compliance with the learning level; (3) presentation of new concepts for compiling textbooks, manuals and learners’ dictionaries; (4) it is very positive that the scientific periodical focuses as well upon the presentation of the department’s activities reviews in relation to various forms and methods of working with foreign students, and new textbooks and dictionaries are promoted. Undoubtedly, the fact of publishing new didactic literature reviews deserves approval, but the reviews should contain more critical material, comments and wishes, and not be limited to retelling the content and indicating the advantages of the analyzed literature, i. e. perform an exclusively promoting function. Demands on expert reviewers are increasing in today’s world. A good start for the journal is the publication of reporting information on events that aim at teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language through short-term courses: the experience of organizing such events must be widely spread, promoting the positive points and drawing attention to the shortcomings. It is desirable that the editorial staff should introduce permanent sections in the journals related to the problems of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language, exchange of experiences, discussions, since not every issue contains relevant articles or reviews that could also be alternative, which would definitely have a positive effect. Key words: linguistic didactics, Ukrainian as a foreign language, textbook, manual, learner’s dictionary, review, journal “Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia”.

Contextual Learning Approach: Development of Worksheet in Physics Subjects

Research Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop worksheets using a contextual learning approach in learning physics subject to elasticity and Hooke's law.
 Methodology: This research includes research and development or Research and Development, Dick and Carey (2009) the steps are (1) Analysis of learning objectives; (2) Learning analysis; (3) Analysis of students and their environment; (4) formulate specific objectives; (5) Development of assessment instruments; (6) Development of learning strategies; (7) Develop and select learning materials; (8) Formative evaluation; (9) Revision; (10) Summative evaluation, but the authors limit it to the ninth step.
 Main Findings: The results of this study are worksheets using the contextual learning approach to learning the physics of elasticity and Hooke's law which have been declared feasible by the validator. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that worksheets using the contextual learning approach in learning elastic physics and Hooke's law are well used as teaching materials for students in class X SMA/MA.
 Novelty/Originality of Research: Integrating the values of everyday life is important to be integrated into learning, therefore, teachers are required to create learning innovations, such as worksheets based on everyday life.

Pengembangan Komik Digital Huruf Jawa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Jawa Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 29 Surabaya

AbstractJava script digital comic media was developed with the aim of: producing appropriate Javanese script digital comic media in Javanese language learning for class VII SMP Negeri 29 Surabaya, getting new experiences in learning and providing a positive influence on students, namely by increasing student learning outcomes, making it easier for teachers to implement learning, especially for the material Java letters. In this study, researchers used research and development methods or better known as Research and Development. Research and development methods are research methods used to produce certain products, and test the effectiveness of these products. The research used is a needs analysis and to test the effectiveness of the product so that it can function in the wider community. In this study, researchers developed a Javanese script digital comic media for even semester VII graders. The test subjects for digital comic media were 20 students of SMP Negeri 29 Surabaya in class VII. Data analysis is divided into two types, namely qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. This development research uses Dick & Carey development with ten steps of development, namely, identification of learning objectives, learning analysis, learner analysis and context, determining learning objectives, developing assessment instruments, learning strategies, selecting learning materials, designing and conducting formative evaluations, revising and designing and conduct a summative evaluation. By following these ten steps, it can be concluded that the development of Javanese script digital comic media in Javanese language subjects at SMP Negeri 29 Surabaya for class VII students with the Dick and Carey development model is said to be feasible to be applied in the learning process of Javanese language subjects. Keywords: Digital Comics, learning development, Javanese language

Clil Models to Develop Students' Communication Skills Based on Their Attitudes Toward Reading

This study proposed Content and Language Instruction Learning (CLIL) as a model for building students’ English communication skills, which are essential in the 21st century. The CLIL model is proposed based on students’ attitudes toward reading materials in their EFL reading classes. This survey study involved 828 Junior High School students completing an online questionnaire about their reading attitudes. Nine teachers were interviewed to obtain data about the challenges they faced in teaching reading and how they coped with those challenges. The study discovered that some students have apprehension feelings toward English reading material that make them unable to catch up with the class. Additionally, teachers encounter challenges while planning and selecting learning materials because of students’ different abilities. Besides, the CLIL model has been implemented by one of the teachers, even though it has not been planned further. Thus, models B1, B2, B3, and B4 of CLIL are proposed to solve the problem found. However, this study is limited to the CLIL model recommendation based on the context, so further researchers need to elaborate on the implementation of the model across primary and tertiary school levels.
 Keywords: CLIL, students’ attitude, EFL reading