Learned Societies Research Articles

What makes Global South scholars underrepresented in Academic Society Awards?

What makes Global South scholars underrepresented in Academic Society Awards?

Guidelines to improve internationalization in the psychological sciences

AbstractConversations about the internationalization of psychological sciences have occurred over a few decades with very little progress. Previous work shows up to 95% of participants in the studies published in mainstream journals are from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic nations. Similarly, a large proportion of authors are based in North America. This imbalance is well‐documented across a range of subfields in psychology, yet the specific steps and best practices to bridge publication and data gaps across world regions are still unclear. To address this issue, we conducted a hackathon at the Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science 2021 conference to develop guidelines to improve international representation of authors and participants, adapted for various stakeholders in the production of psychological knowledge. Based on this hackathon, we discuss specific guidelines and practices that funding bodies, academic institutions, professional academic societies, journal editors and reviewers, and researchers should engage with to ensure psychology is the scientific discipline of human behavior and cognition across the world. These recommendations will help us develop a more valid and fairer science of human sociality.

Hantzsch Ester as Efficient and Economical NAD(P)H Mimic for In Vitro Bioredox Reactions.

Biocatalysis has emerged as a valuable and reliable tool for industrial and academic societies, particularly in fields related to bioredox reactions. The cost of cofactors, especially those needed to be replenished at stoichiometric amounts or more, is the chief economic concern for bioredox reactions. In this study, a readily accessible, inexpensive, and bench-stable Hantzsch ester is verified as the viable and efficient NAD(P)H mimic by four enzymatic redox transformations, including two non-heme diiron N-oxygenases and two flavin-dependent reductases. This finding provides the potential to significantly reduce the costs of NAD(P)H-relying bioredox reactions.

Influence of preparation parameters on the properties of SiC abrasive stones and their applications

AbstractThe preparation of highly efficient and low cost abrasive stones has gained considerable interest in the last few years from the industrial and academic research societies. Meanwhile, composition of such abrasive stones material has played a significant role on its physicochemical, mechanical properties and cost. In this work, series of magnesium oxychloride cement samples were prepared by adding MgCl2 solutions to magnesia, where H2O/MgCl2 was 13:1, 15:1, and 17:1, while MgO/ MgCl2 molar ratio was fixed at 7:1 for all samples. During mixing, two grades of SiC were added separately in proportions of 20, 25, and 30 mass percentage. A comprehensive characterization including bulk density, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and polishing performance were carried out to the prepared composites samples. This was followed by studying their mineral composition and the possible use in grinding and polishing processes of marble slabs. Interestingly, the obtained characterization results demonstrated that among the different prepared composite materials, 25 mass percent SiC‐containing samples showed the best physicochemical and mechanical properties. Notably, the degree of fineness of SiC has affected the overall properties of SiC composite. When very fine SiC type was used and the water content was reduced, consequently, the samples bulk density and abrasion resistance increased. Phase 5 (5Mg(OH)2.MgCl2.8H2O) and silicon carbide, as the main phases with a minor amount of magnesia, were detected in the samples. From the economic point of view, the obtained result in our study is promising for its high performance‐low cost for grinding and polishing of marble slabs in the industrial fabrication.

Changes in preterm and extremely preterm birth rates in Japan after the introduction of obstetrical practice guidelines in 2008.

Obstetrical guidelines were established in Japan in 2008, and obstetrical diagnoses and treatments were subsequently standardized nationally. We examined changes in the preterm birth rate (PTBR) and extremely preterm birth rate (EPTBR) following the introduction of such guidelines. Information on 50 706 432 live births in Japan between 1979 and 2021, including Japanese reproductive medicine, the childbearing age of pregnant women, and the employment status of reproductive-age women between 2007 and 2020, were obtained from the Japanese government and academic societies. Regression analysis was used to compare chronological changes nationally and those of eight Japanese regions. Regional and national average PTBRs and EPTBRs from 2007 to 2020 were compared by using a repeated measures analysis of variance. From 1979 to 2007, PTBRs and EPTBRs in Japan increased significantly. However, from 2008, the national PTBR and EPTBR decreased until 2020 (p < 0.001) and 2019 (p = 0.02), respectively. From 2007 to 2020, overall PTBR and EPTBR were 5.68% and 0.255%, respectively. A significant difference in the PTBR and EPTBR existed between the eight Japanese regions. During this period, the number of pregnancies using assisted reproductive technology increased from 19 595 to 60 381, pregnant women became older, the employment rate of those of reproductive age increased, and nonregular employment was 54%, which was 2.5 times higher than for men. In Japan, after obstetrical guidelines were enacted in 2008, PTRBs decreased significantly even under the pressure of increasing preterm births. Countermeasures may be necessary for regions showing high PTBRs.

Evaluation of urology trainee preferences in didactic education: a choice-based conjoint analysis.

Didactic lectures are a commonly used educational tool during urology residency training. Recently, there has been a rapid introduction of online, collaborative didactics as a new model for resident teaching. The aim of this study is to determine which attributes of didactics education are most preferred by contemporary urology trainees. Urology trainees were invited to complete an online choice-based exercise assessing combinations of four attributes associated with didactics education: mode of communication, learning style, presenter credentials, and curriculum design. The survey was distributed via social media platforms and the Urology Collaborative Online Video Didactics (COViD) website. A choice-based conjoint analysis was used to identify how the trainees valued different combinations of didactic education. Seventy-three trainees completed the conjoint analysis exercise. Mode of communication was rated as significantly more important than curriculum design (relative importance 28.6% vs. 19.9%). Overall, the majority preferred online/virtual presentations to in-person presentations. Respondents preferred national experts to faculty members from their local institutions, and preferred cased based lectures to didactics style lectures. A nationally standardized curriculum was also preferred over curriculum designed by local institutions. Finally, when segmented by level of training, there was increased preference for overall favored options as PGY year increased. This conjoint analysis shows clear preference by trainees for online, recorded didactics, nationally standardized with national experts, and preferably in a case-based format. Academic societies in urology and program directors should consider utilizing the shared experience of previously created collaborative online lectures in developing future didactic curriculum that can meet the needs of current trainees.

Entrepreneurship Education as a Subject of Research

On April 5, 2023 a round-table discussion on “Entrepreneurship Education as a Subject of Research” was organized by the Editorial Board of the “Higher Education in Russia” Journal with the Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy” in the framework of the International Scientific Congress “The Role of Business in Society Transformation – 2023”. Entrepreneurship education formation is a focus of interest as for scientists, and for practitioners as well all around the world. During a round-table there were discussed the actual research issues required attention of academic society. Research trends were defined and connected: 1) with values, identity and moral dimension; 2) with mentors’ experience; 3) with students’ experience.

“Planning” in all academic disciplines including forest planning and commonplanning knowledges in Japan based on a review of academic societies and textbooks

“Planning” in all academic disciplines including forest planning and commonplanning knowledges in Japan based on a review of academic societies and textbooks

Mastodon over Mammon: towards publicly owned scholarly knowledge.

Twitter is in turmoil and the scholarly community on the platform is once again starting to migrate. As with the early internet, scholarly organizations are at the forefront of developing and implementing a decentralized alternative to Twitter, Mastodon. Both historically and conceptually, this is not a new situation for the scholarly community. Historically, scholars were forced to leave social media platform FriendFeed after it was bought by Facebook in 2006. Conceptually, the problems associated with public scholarly discourse subjected to the whims of corporate owners are not unlike those of scholarly journals owned by monopolistic corporations: in both cases the perils associated with a public good in private hands are palpable. For both short form (Twitter/Mastodon) and longer form (journals) scholarly discourse, decentralized solutions exist, some of which are already enjoying some institutional support. Here we argue that scholarly organizations, in particular learned societies, are now facing a golden opportunity to rethink their hesitations towards such alternatives and support the migration of the scholarly community from Twitter to Mastodon by hosting Mastodon instances. Demonstrating that the scholarly community is capable of creating a truly public square for scholarly discourse, impervious to private takeover, might renew confidence and inspire the community to focus on analogous solutions for the remaining scholarly record-encompassing text, data and code-to safeguard all publicly owned scholarly knowledge.

Troubles neurologiques fonctionnels et expertise médico-légale : aspects cliniques et pratiques

Functional neurological disorders (FND) have long been a challenge for medicine, both on clinical and psychodynamic point of view. The medico-legal issue is often relegated to the background in medicine, and FND patients also suffer from such neglected topic. Nonetheless, despite the difficulty to properly diagnose FND and the numerous associated organic and/or psychiatric comorbidities, FND patients report a significant level of deficiency and a high alteration of quality of life when compared to other well-recognized chronic disorders such as Parkinson's disease or epilepsy. Whether it is for the estimation of a personal injury, a prejudice, after-effects following a medical accident or certain legal contexts requiring the elimination of a factitious disorder or a simulation, the uncertainty and imprecision in the medico-legal assessment can imply notable consequences on the patient. In this article, we propose to define the different medico-legal contexts in which FND can occur that of the legal expert, that of the consulting physician, that of the so-called recourse physician and finally that of the attending physician who can provide detailed medical files to the patient in order to help him/her in his/her procedures. We then explain how to use standardized objective evaluation tools validated by the learned societies and how to encourage multidisciplinary cross-evaluation. Finally, we specify how to differentiate FND from historically FND-associated disorders (factitious and simulated disorders), through the clinical criteria, considering the difficulties linked to the uncertainty in the clinical examination of these disorders in a medico-legal context. In addition to the rigorous completion of expertise missions, we aim to reduce two damaging consequences characterizing FND: diagnostic delay and the patients’ suffering through stigma.

Entrer en contact avec sa clientèle: la rubrique médicale du «Journal de Genève» (1787-1791)

In summer 1787, the physician Louis Odier accepted to write articles for the weekly newspaper, The Journal de Genève, published by a learned society of which he was a member. Writing every week for the first six months and regularly afterwards, he invited his readers to consider the main diseases present at that moment, offering plenty of theoretical information and some practical advice. He used his column to advertise a personal campaign for free inoculations for poor people, but also to promote the consultation of doctors and downplay other healers. The analysis of the contents of his articles reveals how he sought to convince new clients to use his services and that he also used the newspaper to address issues he would have been embarrassed to discuss in private with his patients. The exchanges between the physician-journalist and readers were complex, fuelled by letters written to the newspaper about the medical content. One thing is certain: Louis Odier himself rapidly realised that writing in the newspaper was a successful way of enhancing his practice as a local physician.

민사 사법절차(Civil Justice)에서 인공지능의 확장

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in academic discussions on artificial intelligence (AI) across various academic disciplines, spanning humanities, society, science, and medicine. Within the realm of early AI development, the legal field has been particularly focused on the allocation of responsibilities related to self-driving cars and the implications for insurance systems. These discussions aim to tackle emerging legal disputes resulting from the widespread adoption of AI technology and strive for equitable resolutions. Another significant area of discourse revolves around the potential integration of AI technology in the legal profession, specifically exploring the feasibility of employing “artificial intelligence judges.” Contrary to initial expectations, AI has made significant strides, overcoming past periods of stagnation referred to as “AI winters.” In the near future, AI is poised to surpass its current capabilities, which mainly involve leveraging deep learning techniques on extensive judicial data to identify the most relevant case precedents. Instead, it holds the potential to generate comprehensive legal judgments or tailored reasoning for specific cases, thereby making substantial advancements in the judicial process. Efforts to incorporate AI into legal procedures are already underway, with even our Supreme Court exploring its utilization. For example, a policy research service project called the “Introduction of the Next-Generation Electronic Litigation System” is being implemented with the goal of adopting it by 2024.&#x0D; This article specifically focuses on the subfield of research known as “Artificial Intelligence for Law” within the broader context of “Artificial Intelligence and Law.” It delves into the fundamental principles of AI technology, the concept of AI trials, and presents the rationale for embracing AI trials as a legitimate component of judicial procedures, particularly within civil lawsuits. Furthermore, the article examines the current state of AI adoption in civil judicial procedures, both at the national and international levels. It sheds light on practical applications of AI technology in legal judgments and litigation processes, exploring specific domains where AI is already being employed. Additionally, it discusses instances of AI utilization in administrative acts or administrative litigation, expanding the potential areas where AI trials could be implemented in civil judicial procedures in the future. Lastly, the article addresses the challenges associated with the use of AI in legal contexts and outlines improvement plans. It highlights potential issues that may arise and proposes strategies to mitigate them, ensuring the effective and ethical incorporation of AI technology in the field of law.

텍스트 네트워크 분석을 이용한 『대한부동산학회지』 게재논문의 연구경향

This study examined the research trends by period through content analysis and text network approaches of 747 papers published in the Journal of the Korean Real Estate Society. As a result, in the case of each thesis publication, it was confirmed that the status of the academic society was established as a convergent research platform for real estate industry, as well as academia and research. The topics of each field of published papers were in the order of “Real Estate investment,” “Real Estate development,” “Real Estate policy,” “Real Estate finance,” and “Real Estate management.” It is analyzed that the complexity of the Real Estate market and Real Estate phenomena was reflected in Real Estate research as the times progressed. In addition, as research approaches have diversified and quantified with the expansion of thesis topics, it has recently been confirmed that the phenomenon of the real estate market that combines Real Estate and IT technologies such as proptech and Bitcoin has also been reflected. In addition, research trends and directions were analyzed by period, and research keywords related to housing instability caused by changes in real estate prices were identified in in-depth studies and convergence studies. As the times changed, it was confirmed that the subject and research trend of the published paper of the Korean Real Estate Society continued to expand, and the direction the Korean Real Estate Society should pursue in the future was also confirmed in terms of the role of the society to find answers to find answers to real estate problems.

The Work of Informal Environment in Language Learning

This study examines the work of informal environment in language learning. This study is an ex post facto research, employing quantitative approach. The students at English Department of Madura University are as parts of population in the current research. A sample is decided by using proportional stratified random sampling technique. The data are analyzed by simple regression technique. The result of the study shows that the work of informal environment in language learning is not particularly high, 0.43 (43%). The informal environment operates on students’ proficiency level in English. It enriches the students’ input to communicate in English as well as makes the input of students becoming intake. It implies that the teachers and members of academic society should assist students with natural communication in order to meaningful input for the students.

TAHAP PENGETAHUAN, PENGHAYATAN DAN IMPAK TERHADAP ADAB KESOPANAN DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR DIPLOMA DI UPSI

Based on the study of the level of knowledge, improvement and the impact of polite manners that has been carried out on students at the Diploma level of Sultan Idris University of Education (UPSI), there are 418 students in the second semester. Includes all courses such as the Diploma of Mathematics &amp; Actuary Science, Diploma Allied Health Sciences, Early Childhood Learning Diploma, Applied Science Diploma &amp; Diploma Performance Arts which takes courses from universities such as Society and Culture Malaysia. Based on the findings of the study obtained, the level of knowledge of the general level of consciousness is at a medium level of 2.96 min scores, the overall level of subsistence is medium of 2.97 mins and the average level of impact is 2.95 mins. The overall being in a moderate position, this condition should be given by all parties, as this position may fall to the next low position can have a negative impact on the behavior and validity of students who will become future leaders of the country. The focus of the study also explains that the majority of students are 56.2 percent from the city. The situation clearly shows that the urban community is not a heavy point in the question of consciousness that we need to care for or follow as a learned society, even if we think and live in a modern way. This situation needs to be upgraded to a higher direction in ensuring the quality of UPSI diploma students have a high academic and personal background.

A Critical Analysis of Theoretical Concepts, Jim Cummins, Bristol, UK; Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Multilingual Matters, (2021), 464 pages, ISBN-13: 978-1-80041-357-3

Multilingualism has always been a pervasive phenomenon in the academic arena and societies, where people belonging to dissimilar linguistic and cultural backgrounds live and/or study beside the mainstream group (Gorter &amp; Arocena, 2020). The issue gained more momentum with the globalization of English and the internationalization of education that led to an exponential rate of immigration and juxtaposition of native and non-native students at schools (Walker, 2018). Given the significance of multilingual education, a growing body of research has been conducted to unpack its multiple dimensions (Sun &amp; Zhang, 2020). Although such studies have offered promising insights, this strand of research still demands more scholarly attention devoted to the understanding of theories, policies, and practices of multilingualism to help students learn English and succeed in academia. To make this happen and bridge the gaps, Jim Cummins’ monograph, entitled “Rethinking the Education of Multilingual Learners: A Critical Analysis of Theoretical Concepts”, presents the readers with a personal journey that covers more than 40 years of research and practice in bilingualism and multilingualism.

Marine biodiversity discovery: the metrics of new species descriptions

Based on the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), there are currently c. 242,000 known valid marine species living in the world's oceans and marine biota continue to be discovered and named steadily at a current average of 2,332 new species per year. The “average” newly described marine species is a benthic crustacean, annelid, or mollusc between 2 and 10 mm in size, living in the tropics at depths of 0–60 m, and represented in the description by 7–19 specimens. It is described after a shelf life of 13.5 years in an article with two to three authors in a journal with an IF &amp;lt;1, published by an academic institution or society or a small commercial publisher. It is highly likely that the description is not accompanied by molecular data and that its authors do not work in an institution in a region of the world where the new species comes from. At the current pace of discovery and characterization, it will take several hundred years to describe the remaining 1–2 million unknown marine species. With increased facilitation of access to literature, marine taxonomy will increasingly rely on retired professionals and citizen scientists. The barriers to new marine species descriptions are in part technological (access to habitats that are difficult to sample) and educational (training to generate and use molecular barcodes), but mostly institutional (funding of taxonomic work) and regulatory (restrictions imposed by access and benefit sharing legislation).

Professional boundaries between faculty/staff and students in UK higher education: students’ levels of comfort with personal and sexualised interactions

ABSTRACT The concept of ‘professional boundaries’ – widely used in sectors where professional relationships between adults are regulated – has not commonly been drawn on in higher education (HE) to understand and denote appropriate relationships between faculty or staff and students. Nevertheless, in recent years the question of how to regulate sexual and romantic relationships between faculty/staff and students has been a developing policy concern within HE institutions internationally. In order to contribute to empirically-informed policy development in this area, this article explores students’ levels of comfort with different sexualised and non-sexualised behaviours from staff/faculty, drawing on data from 1492 students from a national survey carried out in the United Kingdom, initially published in the National Union of Students’ report Power in the Academy (2018). New analysis on this data is introduced, outlining scales of ‘personal’ and ‘sexualised’ interactions, which reveal the patterns of comfort and discomfort across different demographic groups of students, most notably women, LGBTQ+ students, and Black and Asian students. The analysis identifies areas of interaction with staff/faculty that are of concern to different groups of students, calling into question existing policy frameworks such as conflict of interest policies and varying levels of regulation for undergraduate and postgraduate students. In the light of these findings, the article makes two recommendations: first, that training on professional boundaries should be included in higher education teaching qualifications, and second, for the development of shared norms around professional boundaries within academic departments and professional societies.

Reliability and Quality of Online Patient Education Videos for Spina Bifida

There is a growing trend among patients and their families to seek medical information online. Among the world's most popular websites, YouTube is ranked second. Our aim was to assess the reliability and quality of YouTube videos on spina bifida. Researchers searched the YouTube platform using 3 search keywords in February 2022. These were spina bifida, spina bifida treatment, and spina bifida surgery. The content of the first 35 videos for each search term was evaluated using the DISCERN scale. Two independent neurosurgeons with 6 years of experience in pediatric neurosurgery evaluated the content of the videos. Of the total 105 videos, 58 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Of these videos, 3 (6.5%) received a score between 3-4. This suggests that the video is reliable but missing important information. Only 1 (2.1%) of the videos had a mean score of >4, which refers to a high-quality source of information. It has been found that the popularity of the video was not correlated with whether it is broadcast by health professionals or whether it has surgical content. The correlation between video popularity and DISCERN score was not significant (p=0.361/0.401 based on the number of views; p=0.459/0.606 based on the number of likes). Based on the results of this study, patients and their families will generally encounter low-quality educational content on YouTube when searching for information about spina bifida. Since videos on spina bifida are insufficient, we recommend to universities, hospitals, and academic societies publish reliable video education content to support and optimize patient education, in line with approved tools such as DISCERN.

Developing a Clinical Research Infrastructure embedded in an Academic Medicine Center that Equitably Supports Future Clinician Scientists.

Clinical research in academic medical centers can be difficult to conduct and meet enrollment goals. Students underrepresented in medicine (URiM) are also underrepresented in academic leadership positions and as physician-scientists but are critical to help solve health disparities. Barriers in pursuing medicine as a career may be high for URiM students, therefore it is important to create pre-medicine opportunities accessible to all students interested in health care careers. We describe an undergraduate clinical research platform, the Academic Associate Program, embedded in the medical system that supports clinical research for academic physician scientists and provides students equitable access to experiences and mentoring opportunities. Students have the opportunity of completing a Pediatric Clinical Research Minor (PCRM) degree. This program satisfies many pre-medicine opportunities for undergraduate students, including those URiM, and allows access to physician mentors and unique educational experiences for graduate school or employment. Since 2009, 820 students participated in the AcA program (17.5% URiM) and 235 students (18% URiM) completed the PCRM. Of the 820 students, 126 (10% URiM) students matriculated to medical school, 128 (11%URiM) to graduate school, and 85 (16.5% URiM) gained employment in biomedical research fields. Students in our program supported 57 publications and were top-enrollers for several multi-centered studies. The AcA program is cost-effective and achieves a high level of success enrolling patients into clinical research. Additionally, the AcA program provides equitable access for students URiM to physician mentorship, pre-medical experiences, and an avenue to early immersion in academic medicine.