Lean Technology Research Articles

Особенности управления изменениями в малом бизнесе

It is clarified that the essential content of the concept of “change” implies a certain procedural phenomenon, including awareness of the need for change, the implementation of change, and the consolidation of the result of change. Various types of changes are considered (there is no classical generally accepted classification yet), as well as the most popular models of change management and the use of these models in small businesses. The results of small business development in our country (modern characteristics and industry structure) are briefly analyzed and the main problems of small business development are formulated. The peculiarities of change management in small business are determined by the peculiarities of the small business itself, considered in the context of the study of the possibility of change management (sensitivity to change, flexibility, the need for innovation, working in a highly competitive environment, short-term existence, facilitated document management, quick reaction, corporate solidarity of staff, risk). For the first time, a feature of small business is highlighted – corporate solidarity of staff. The main features of change management in small business are considered. Communications on any communication platform are particularly important, the mandatory use of new technologies, the possibility of using various change management strategies, the publicity and openness of small businesses, the importance of continuous staff training, and the cascading formation of communication goals at all stages of change implementation are noted. The necessity of using various systems for evaluating the effectiveness of change management results is confirmed, since there simply is no unified system; The possibility, but limited use of Lean technologies is noted, since the reserves for reducing costs in small enterprises are always practically exhausted; certain features of change management in small businesses of various industry affiliations (manufacturing, construction business, services and trade differ in their economies, processes, sizes).

Experience of integrating lean technologies into the quality management system of a medical organization providing primary medical and sanitary care

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of lean production methods into the practical activity of primary health care on the example of the State Institution of Health Care «Saratov City Polycli nic № 2». Materials and methods. The study was divided into three stages: data collection through anonymous sociological surveys using phones or tablets, timing and improvement of the process, and a follow-up questioning of participants to assess their satisfaction. 296 residents of Saratov receiving primary health care at the polyclinic took part in the survey. The survey was conducted using a specially developed electronic questionnaire via Google Form. For mathematical processing, the results of the study were initially transferred into an electronic database; the results of the study were analyzed using the descriptive statistics method. Results. According to the survey, the majority of respondents are satisfied with the quality of outpatient medical care. This shows that organization of the medical care is focused on the patients` needs and desire to meet their demands. The organization of the front office and the premises of the polyclinic in accordance with the requirements for the new model of the organization providing primary medical care made it possible to achieve a high evaluation of the information stands and the waiting area. The study showed that ineffective organization of the registry office contributed significantly to the patients` low assessment. In our opinion, in order to solve the problem, it is necessary to optimize the work of the registry office by introducing modern technologies and equal distribution of duties among the employees. Conclusions. In order to improve the quality and accessibility of medical services, it is necessary to make certain changes in the organization of medical care. The level of patient satisfaction with the work of medical institutions may depend on various factors, such as waiting time for a doctor, the timing of medical services provision after the appointment, the availability of necessary diagnostic tests and specialists.

БЕРЕЖЛИВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В СИСТЕМЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

The solution of efficiency improvement issues is relevant for all types of organizations. The article reveals the features of the category "efficiency" in relation to the essence of the activi-ties of medical organizations, which includes the concepts of not only economic, but also so-cial effect, which significantly expands the boundaries of the economic benefits received. The article discusses the main reasons for the importance of solving the problems of improving the efficiency of organizations in the medical field, namely, regulatory and market. It is proved that the main tool to improve the efficiency of the economic activities of medical insti-tutions are management systems involving the use of lean manufacturing technologies. These technologies make it possible to identify resource losses, at the same time, positively solve the problems of improving the quality of medical services. The author focuses on the fact that in the case of the use of lean technologies, the management system should be formed taking into account the complexity of the nature of medical institutions as an object of management.

Continuous Improvement of Productivity and Quality with Applying Lean Six Sigma: A case study

Any business that wants to compete may need to constantly raise both its output and quality. An effective and popular approach to achieving continuous improvement is known as Lean Six Sigma. This paper demonstrates a successful implementation through a case study in wood manufacturing. The enhancement greatly benefited from the optimization of the production process. The seven quality control tools were integrated into specific systematic steps of the PDCA cycle and DMAIC process, along with lean technology. As a result, this led to an increase in product quality and a decrease in manufacturing errors. Customer satisfaction and market competitiveness have risen as a result. A wood production line's productivity and quality were both improved, and this case study demonstrates the positive effects. It could be considered for implementation in various production or assembly lines in other fields such as electronic, clothing and furniture assembly lines.

Improving Health and Safety Performance of Construction through Lean Construction in Ghana : Drivers, Enablers and Constraints

The aim of this paper was to see how lean technology may be applied to improve safety and health performance in Ghana's building construction sector. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from civil/structural engineers, architects, construction managers, services engineers, and quantity surveyors that work in the construction industry. The sample was chosen using the purposeful sampling technique, taking into account the construction experts' years of experience. The findings reveal that, building construction projects in Ghana may perform better if lean construction methods are applied correctly. Based on this finding, it is recommended that training, planning and proper layout of construction site so as to eliminate overlapping of movements on site, and building trust in working relations and working together as an effective team where the key strategies for improving health and safety performance of projects through lean construction technology.

Назначение справедливых цен на основе смарт-контрактов (на примере музейной организации)

The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring fair pricing on the basis of smart contract technologies. Through the use of the Internet of Things, electronic payments and big data analysis, a more precise evaluation of consumption can be made based on measuring the time of various consumer actions. The method of research is the analysis of the decision-making process on the price, as well as the impact of modern digital technologies on it. The result of the study was the identification of the consequences of precise value in pricing and the pro-cess of concluding market agreements, including 1) the extension of the tariff payment model to the area of dis-crete sales of goods; 2) the consideration of consumers' actions as conditions of pricing and the subject of agreements; 3) inclusion of the transfer of information by consumers about themselves in the subject of ex-change; 4) reduction of transaction costs due to the automation of forced execution of contract terms. Conclu-sions are presented about the possibilities of comparing the value of goods by the time of their consumption in the sum of all human lives on the planet and the development of lean technologies for the use of limited resources for the maximum well-being of people in the world.

THE INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND LEAN TECHNOLOGIES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This systematic literature review examines the integration of Industry 4.0 and Lean technologies in manufacturing, a topic of growing importance as industries seek to enhance efficiency and competitiveness. By analyzing 156 peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and industry reports published between 2010 and 2023, this review identifies vital themes, benefits, challenges, and gaps in the literature. Industry 4.0, characterized by IoT, big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML), offers significant potential for improving real-time data collection, process automation, and advanced analytics. When integrated with Lean manufacturing principles, which focus on waste reduction and continuous improvement, these technologies can lead to more efficient operations, better quality control, and faster response times. However, the review also highlights several challenges, including high initial costs, the need for a skilled workforce, and the complexity of integrating new technologies with existing systems. Despite these challenges, numerous case studies and best practices demonstrate the successful implementation of these integrated approaches, providing valuable insights for future research and practical applications. This review concludes with recommendations for addressing the identified gaps and leveraging the synergies between Industry 4.0 and Lean technologies to achieve operational excellence in manufacturing.

Lean technologies as a tool for improving the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses

Lean technologies as a tool for improving the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses

Experience of strategic sessions to improve the quality of lean technology implementation in medical organizations in Krasnodar Krai: a one-stage observational study

Background. Lean production is mainly focused on increasing value in processes and improving the quality of services provided. These principles are implemented in medical organizations within the framework of the national project “Healthcare” and the federal project “Development of the Primary Healthcare System”. Introduction of lean technologies at all levels of the organization can serve as a highly effective method of positive changes. In 2023, Kuban State Medical University, together with the Ministry of Health of Krasnodar Krai and the Regional Center for Primary Healthcare, held a strategic session aimed at identifying problematic processes in medical organizations of the region and jointly searching for ways to solve them. The session involved 73 primary healthcare organizations. Its results formed the basis for a study of the project activity of medical organizations. Objective. To analyze the current state of project activities of medical organizations in Krasnodar Krai to achieve a “new model” through the introduction of lean technologies.Methods. A one-stage observational study was carried out in two steps. The first step involved participant observation. Its results determined a set of tools to be compiled. The second step of the study included a questionnaire survey and analysis of information. The data obtained from the questionnaire survey and observation were coded, the distribution and frequency were identified using frequency analysis and calculation of mean values. The qualitative analysis of open-ended questions was additionally applied.Results. The analysis showed that the prevailing number of projects are aimed at forming and developing the availability of medical care for the population (50.6 %), including projects focused on inclusiveness and provision of medical care to low-mobility patients at home. It was also revealed that 42 projects in four areas are planned for implementation in 47 organizations using lean technology tools in 2024. The study showed that 91.49 % of projects failed to calculate financial efficiency and evaluate project results in monetary terms. Meanwhile, 8.51 % of those who carried out the efficiency calculations lacked an analysis methodology and revealed the superficiality of the calculations. Of all the participants, 53.19 % reported the need for help in organizing and implementing project activities, and 36.17 % of the participants had enough resources to cope on their own. The three most problematic processes requiring joint work with colleagues included “Reducing the wait times for healthcare in regional medical organizations,” “Registration of discounted prescriptions” and “Preventive medical examination and dispensary.”Conclusion. The experience of a strategic session at Kuban State Medical University proved to be effective in improving the quality of implementation of lean technologies in medical organizations of Krasnodar Krai. The study was instrumental in assessing the current state of the project activities of medical organizations to achieve a “new model” through the introduction of lean technologies, as well as in identifying the most common areas of project activities and the main problems. The performed analysis revealed a positive trend in improving the quality of work of medical organizations in Krasnodar Krai and disseminating the lean technologies in primary healthcare.

Statistical Analysis of Lean Construction Barriers to Optimize Its Implementation Using PLS-SEM and PCA

The construction industry performs many tasks scheduled and related to other activities. Companies must optimize their operations, increase efficiency, eliminate waste, and deliver better products to their customers. As a result, this study aims to identify the main challenges associated with the implementation of the Lean Construction model in small and medium-sized construction companies and optimize the implementation of this process using statistically-focused mathematical models. This study was conducted using the partial least squares (PLS-SEM) method and also carried out the principal component analysis to optimize Lean barriers so that they can be properly implemented in the construction industry. The most important obstacles are displayed, as well as the relationships with other factors. Significant relationships have been discovered between the barriers to Lean construction adoption, especially with regard to corporate culture, communication, training, leadership, and the influence of mentality on business and employee adaptability. Construction executives and managers can make well-informed policy and strategic decisions by having a thorough understanding of the main barriers to Lean implementation. This information enables them to focus on the implementation of Lean technologies in projects, to increase market competitiveness, reduce waste and enhance overall work efficiency.

The negative effect of a torsion dissipative structure on the stability and bearing capacity of the yield frame support

Yieldable frame support (YFS) is the most important primary component of a tunnel or underground roadway propping in a consequent set of multistage support technology, which is employed in the squeezing rock. This research aimed to enhance the efficiency of combined support using the synergetic effect of connecting YFS to the rock bolts/cables (YFSB). Employing the methods of actual measurements and survey, computer simulation, and underground testing of YFS, we investigated conditions that provoke a spontaneous torsion of the YFS profile, which caused YFS stability failure, loss of the bearing capacity and integrity. We revealed a longitudinal twist or torsion of the YFS profile as a new mode of YFS stability failure and demonstrated that the torsion is a consequence of a scale effect. Based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, we proved that this torsion is a form of dangerous dissipative structure that minimizes entropy production. We investigated the torsion parameters and developed a new joint between YFS and rock bolt, which is a key element of a novel lean technology that effectively prevents the YFS profile torsion. The joint and its optimal parameters were successfully tested in an underground condition that provided YFSB stability, increased its average resistance, conserved total bearing capacity, and integrity.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ БЕРЕЖЛИВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА НА РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

The article is a study devoted to the analysis of the process of introducing the lean manufacturing concept at Russian enterprises. The author summarizes the conceptual foundations of Lean technology: fundamental principles, main types of losses, tools and implementation algorithm. Based on the analysis of data from the Federal Competence Center, the activities of the most successful Russian enterprises that joined the national project “Labor Productivity” were analyzed. Despite the positive experience of implementing lean production, confirmed by the achievement of economic effect, the author identified the main problems in the implementation process: insufficient involvement of the top management of the enterprise and a superficial understanding of the values of the philosophy of lean production, the absence or insufficient understanding by staff of the feasibility of introducing lean production and proposed specific ways to solve them. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the efficiency of industrial enterprises that have implemented lean production tools and methods has increased and the relevance of introducing the concept of lean production in the social sphere has been identified.

Awareness and Willingness to Adopt Lean Technology among Micro Small Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

Awareness and Willingness to Adopt Lean Technology among Micro Small Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ БЕРЕЖЛИВОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The article refl ects the basics of lean management. The main factors of its choice are highlighted, as well as the principles according to which lean technologies fi nd their practical application. Descriptive characteristics of each type of lean technologies are given, as well as the importance of their use in the activities of public authorities. The practice of using lean management in the subjects of the Russian Federation is given. The problems in the implementation of lean management are described, as well as recommendations for public authorities on the use of lean management in their activities are given.

Safety assessment of the process ENVICCO, based on EREMA basic and Polymetrix SSP leaN technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials.

The EFSA Panelon Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process ENVICCO (EU register number RECYC301), which uses the EREMA basic and Polymetrix SSP leaN technology. The input consists of hot caustic washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes mainly originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, with no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are pre-decontaminated in the EREMA reactor at high temperature under vacuum (step 2) before being extruded, pelletised and crystallised (step 3). The crystallised pellets are then preheated (step 4) and submitted to solid-state polycondensation (SSP) (step 5) at ■■■■■ temperature and under nitrogen flow. Having examined the challenge tests provided, the Panelconcluded that step 2 as well as steps 4 and 5 are critical for determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of these critical steps are temperature, pressure and residence time for step 2 and temperature, residence time and gas velocity for steps 4 and 5. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panelconcluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs, including drinking water, for long-term storage at room temperature or below, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.

Applying a Risk-Based Approach to Health Facility Management

The article discusses potential applications of a risk-based approach to health facility management. The study analyzed various management models, as well as process-oriented and project-oriented management systems, the use of risk management, quality management standards, lean technologies (lean manufacturing), and scorecard interfaces (score ratings). The article presents the results of applying risk analysis, which was developed using balanced scorecard approach that describes activities of a health facility. It was found that the balanced scorecard approach and scoring calculations enable risk level assessment in a health facility to classify risks by work areas and take suitable measures to mitigate or prevent them.

Анализ международного и отечественного опыта применения бережливых технологий в сфере здравоохранения и обращения лекарственных средств

Анализ международного и отечественного опыта применения бережливых технологий в сфере здравоохранения и обращения лекарственных средств

An Implementation Framework for On-Site Shield Spoil Utilization—A Case Study of a Metro Project

A majority of metro projects have been constructed to reduce urban traffic congestion and to improve the convenience of public transportation, but these projects also produced a significant amount of engineering slag and mud. The shield construction method could improve the efficiency and safety; this technique has been frequently used in tunnel excavation projects. However, the spoil produced during the shield construction is challenging to deal with. In literature, though there has been an increasing number of studies on the technologies of utilizing shield spoil, the on-site utilization of shield spoil is still a subject of little research. This study introduced an implementation framework for the on-site utilization of shield spoil based on successful case experiences. It aims to assist project managers in efficiently implementing on-site resource utilization projects and to address the gaps in the relevant field. A case study was conducted in the Shenzhen Metro Line 13 North Extension Project; this study collected data through six semi-structured interviews and field research, analyzed the data, and constructed a framework using thematic analysis and focus group discussions. The three components of the implementation framework are project planning, project construction, and project closing, and each section describes what must be accomplished during that phase. Additionally, three recommendations—(1) combining intelligent technology to optimize the existing equipment, (2) utilizing lean technology in project execution, (3) establishing strategic partnerships with construction waste recycling enterprises—are also made for the development of the shield spoil utilization project. This study uses the Shenzhen Metro Line 13 North Extension Project as a model to theoretically underpin future research on shielding spoil on-site during resource utilization projects and to achieve the repeatable promotion of shield spoil utilization technology in Shenzhen.

An implementation of lean technology to improve the lead time of syrup batching process and reduce hot fill line downtime

The research would present an effective performance of lean tools implementing in an Lemon Tea processing line of a Drink Industry as a case study. An improved strategy to reduce the lead time of syrup batching process and then reduce downtime on hot fill line would be considered as well as used. The DMAIC (Define - Measure - Analyze - Improve - Control) methodology would be followed. As the results, the lead time of syrup batching process was reduced from around 140 minutes to (after implementation of lean technology) 98 minutes, and downtime on hot fill line was also dropped significantly by approximately 50 percent. Besides, the production flow was optimized by minimizing several non value added activities and time such as waiting time at the bottleneck points, machine breakdown, queuing time, and other unnecessary waiting time. Eventually, this case study would be useful in developing a generic approach to design lean environment in management system of the studied drink industry organization.

VALUE STREAM MAP OPTIMIZATION MODEL IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

The relevance of the implementation the Lean Production quality management model in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Ukraine has been proven to optimize the stream of HEIs business processes in order to improve the quality of functioning of HEI as an economic activity subject and increase the competitiveness of educational services, scientific and educational products. The modern approaches of scientists to the Lean Higher Education and the construction of a process model of activity and the identification of key business processes of HEIs are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to develop the optimization model for the stream of business processes based on Lean technologies and to apply the model to visualize and optimize the key process of business process at the Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics (NURE). A DFD model of the optimization process of the Value Stream Map (VMS) - a quality management tool created within the framework of the Lean methodology for process stream analysis - was developed. The model optimization criteria are proposed. During the development of the map optimization model, the peculiarities of the result of the HEI activity, which is a combination of educational service, educational and scientific product, were taken into account. The practical significance of the article lies in the study of the HEI key process "Development of educational and methodological support of the educational process". Decomposition of the main process was carried out. The second and third levels processes for the value stream mapping was distinguished. The current state VSM of the process "Development of educational and methodological support of the educational process" was developed, the indicators of the effectiveness of the value stream at the department of information and measurement technologies of the NURE were calculated, the "bottlenecks" of the stream were analyzed. Measures to optimize "bottlenecks" based on the criterion of minimizing time are proposed. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction are determined as the implementation of Lean technologies in the activities of HEIs are the development and optimization of VSM for all key processes of HEIs.