Lean Group Research Articles

Identification of metabolism related biomarkers in obesity based on adipose bioinformatics and machine learning

BackgroundObesity has emerged as a growing global public health concern over recent decades. Obesity prevalence exhibits substantial global variation, ranging from less than 5% in regions like China, Japan, and Africa to rates exceeding 75% in urban areas of Samoa.AimTo examine the involvement of metabolism-related genes.MethodsGene expression datasets GSE110729 and GSE205668 were accessed from the GEO database. DEGs between obese and lean groups were identified through DESeq2. Metabolism-related genes and pathways were detected using enrichment analysis, WGCNA, Random Forest, and XGBoost. The identified signature genes were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in mouse models.ResultsA total of 389 genes exhibiting differential expression were discovered, showing significant enrichment in metabolic pathways, particularly in the propanoate metabolism pathway. The orangered4 module, which exhibited the highest correlation with propanoate metabolism, was identified using Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA). By integrating the DEGs, WGCNA results, and machine learning methods, the identification of two metabolism-related genes, Storkhead Box 1 (STOX1), NACHT and WD repeat domain-containing protein 2(NWD2) was achieved. These signature genes successfully distinguished between obese and lean individuals. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the downregulation of STOX1 and NWD2 in mouse models of obesity.ConclusionThis study has analyzed the available GEO dataset in order to identify novel factors associated with obesity metabolism and found that STOX1 and NWD2 may serve as diagnostic biomarkers.

Prognostic impact of lean diabetes mellitus on aortic stenosis

Abstract Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has traditionally been thought to coexist. Lean DM is a distinct condition defined by body mass index (BMI) < 25, associated with elevated insulin resistance, rapid beta-cell failure, absence of ketosis and malnutrition. Lean DM has been linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes, but remains an understudied entity in valvular heart disease. Purpose This study aims to demonstrate the prognostic implications of lean DM on aortic stenosis (AS). Methods Between 2011 to 2021, 700 consecutive patients with index echocardiographic diagnoses of aortic stenosis were stratified into 4 groups, namely lean (BMI < 25) DM, lean non-DM, obese (BMI > 25) DM, and obese non-DM. Demographics, co-morbidities, echocardiographic findings and clinical outcomes were collected. Clinical outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox regression model was constructed. Results 396 (56.6%) patients were female, and 435 (62.1%) patients were of Chinese ethnicity. 279 (39.9%) patients had DM, of whom 155 (55.6%) patients had lean DM. The mean BMI in the lean group was 21.4 ± 2.4 kg/m² compared to 29.5 ± 4.9 kg/m² in the obese group. Irregardless of BMI, higher proportions of DM patients were on baseline antiplatelets and statins compared to non-DM patients. Echocardiographically, obese DM had smaller indexed left ventricular volumes and mass - left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVi) (65.7 ± 21.7 ml/m² vs. 70.8 ± 23.6 ml/m², p = 0.002) and left ventricular mass index (LVMi) (115.7 ± 31.9 g/m² vs. 116.3 ± 36.5 g/m², p = 0.401) compared to lean DM respectively. Obese DM was associated with more cardiovascular risk factors compared to lean DM in terms of hypertension (91.9%, n = 114 vs. 89.0%, n = 138, p < 0.001), hyperlipidaemia (82.3%, n = 102 vs. 73.5%, n = 114, p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (50.8%, n = 62 vs. 45.5%, n = 70, p < 0.001). On the contrary, lean DM was associated with more cardiovascular sequelae of acute myocardial infarction (36.8%, n = 57 vs. 24.2%, n = 30, p < 0.001) compared to obese DM. AS patients with lean DM experienced the highest significant all-cause mortality (71%, n = 110 in lean DM vs. 58.9%, n = 73 in obese DM vs. 49.1%, n = 86 in obese non-DM vs. 65%, n = 160 in lean non-DM, p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. On the contrary, AS patients with lean DM had the lowest heart failure incidence (17.4%, n = 27 in lean DM vs. 23.4%, n = 29 in obese DM vs. 33.1%, n = 58 in obese non-DM vs. 23.2%, n = 57 in lean non-DM, p = 0.009). On multivariate analyses adjusted for age, comorbidities, and echocardiographic parameters, lean DM was an independent predictor of worse all-cause mortality in AS patients (HR 1.60, CI: 1.19 - 2.16, p = 0.010). Conclusion Lean DM in AS patients was associated with worse all-cause mortality. Lean DM was a prognostic marker of all-cause mortality in patients with AS.Figure 1

The impact of Serum Amylin on Body mass index in Children with type1 Diabetes Mellitus newly diagnosis

Background: Pancreatic β cells' inability to synthesize insulin is the defining feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an endocrine illness. This action involves the peptide hormone amylin, which is co-secreted with insulin and plays a key role in controlling glucose homeostasis and appetite. It also influences body weight, calorie intake, stomach emptying, glucagon release suppression, and satiety. Subjects, Material, and Method: This study included 120 pediatric individuals aged between( 2-14) years. They were divided into four groups. Group one contains 40 lean patients with T1DM, with a BMI≥85 percentile, and group two contains 40 underweight patients with (T1DM) with a BMI≥5 percentile. The Group contains 40 healthy pediatrics and ages matched with the patients subdivided into (group three, lean control with a BMI less than 85 percentile. The group numbered 22, and four groups, underweight control with BMI≥5 percentile, consisted of 18 pediatric underweight healthy as controls. They were analyzed for fasting serum glucose, amylin, and HbA1c. Results: The levels of Amylin in the control group(lean and underweight) were higher than in the patients with diabetes mellitus(lean and underweight). Also, fast blood glucose( FBG) was found in the Lean DM group. Similarly, the Underweight DM group was higher than those observed in the Lean Control and Underweight Control groups. For HbA1c%, the Lean DM group. The Underweight DM group exhibited a higher mean HbA1c%. In contrast, the Lean Control and Underweight Control groups had significantly lower mean HbA1c% values. Conclusion: The control group had higher Amylin levels, a potential biomarker for metabolic status in children with T1DM, and could inform therapeutic strategies to optimize glycemic control and body weight management. In comparison, the patient group had higher FBG values. The Lean DM group had higher HbA1c% values, while the Underweight DM group had slightly higher values. Both control groups had significantly lower HbA1c% values.

Altered Cytokine Secretory Fingerprint of the Adipocytes Derived from Stem Cells of Morbidly Obese Patients-A Preliminary Study.

Context: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are progenitor cells that shape the tissue's biological properties. Objective: To examine the adipocytes differentiated from the ADMSCs of lean and obese individuals with/without a metabolic syndrome (MetSx) cytokine secretory profile, as to date, little is known on this topic. Methods: Interleukin, chemokine and growth factor levels in the culture medium were determined using the Human Cytokine kit. Results: We observed a characteristic secretory fingerprint displayed by the cells from the MetSx group and identified a set of putative markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, VEGF, FGF, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IFN-γ) of the condition. Surprisingly, the concentrations of most of the molecules (except for IL-6, IFN-γ, IP-10, VEGF) decreased when compared with the cells from the lean group. We postulate that the difference stemmed from the fact that in vivo cytokines were mostly secreted by the activated monocytes/macrophages and not adipocytes per se. This may also suggest that the aforementioned upregulated cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, IP-10, VEGF) might have been the ones that attracted monocytes and triggered the vicious cycle of tissue inflammation. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the adipocytes newly derived from the ADMSCs of obese patients with metabolic syndrome displayed a secretory fingerprint that may be characteristic to the early stages of the condition.

Dysregulation of c-Jun (JUN) and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FOSB) in obese people and their predictive values for metabolic syndrome.

The incidences of metabolic syndrome (MetS), denoting insulin resistance-associated various metabolic disorders, are increasing. This study aimed to identify new biomarkers for predicting MetS and provide a novel diagnostic approach. Herein, the expression profiles of c-Jun (JUN) and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FOSB) in individuals with obesity and patients with MetS from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to evaluate the messenger RNA levels of JUN and FOSB in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers (lean and obese) and patients with MetS (lean and obese), along with that in the adipose tissue and peripheral blood of obese mouse model. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the diagnostic value of JUN and FOSB in MetS. The expression profiles and RT-qPCR results showed that JUN and FOSB were highly expressed in individuals with obesity, obese mouse models, and patients with MetS. The ROC analysis results showed an area under the curve values of 0.872 and 0.879 for JUN, 0.802 and 0.962 for FOSB, and 0.946 and 0.979 for JUN-FOSB in the lean group and the group with obesity, respectively, in predicting MetS. Logistic regression analysis showed that the p-values of both JUN and FOSB as MetS-affecting factors were <0.05. Altogether, the findings of this study indicate that both JUN and FOSB, abnormally expressed in individuals with obesity, are good biomarkers of MetS.

Comparison of Risk Factors Between Lean and Nonlean Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter Study

ObjectiveA multicenter study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was performed to assess the differences of liver steatosis and fibrosis between lean and nonlean individuals. MethodsPatients with T2DM from 16 centers were recruited and underwent transient elastography examination for diagnosis of liver steatosis and fibrosis. Clinical information, such as diabetes status, serum lipids profiles, and inflammatory markers, were collected. Potential risk factors of liver steatosis and fibrosis in lean (body mass index [BMI] < 23 kg/m2) and nonlean (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) groups were analyzed. ResultsA total of 1762 patients were included. The prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in the lean group was 44.7% and 23.4%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease was higher in lean patients when compared with nonlean group. Lean patients with liver steatosis or fibrosis were older, had longer diabetes duration, lower levels of HOMA-IR and serum lipids. The BMI, visceral fat area, and triglyceride were among the most significant correlators of liver steatosis for both nonlean and lean patients. However, lipid profiles were different between the two groups. Besides, insulin resistance, BMI, and lipid levels were not observed to be associated with fibrosis in the lean group. ConclusionIn lean patients with T2DM, liver steatosis and fibrosis were less associated with insulin resistance. Risk factors of liver steatosis were different between lean and nonlean patients, indicating the necessity of risk stratification and tailored management strategies.

Serum isthmin-1 is a potential biomarker for metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus

IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves...

Altered structural node of default mode network mediated general cognitive ability in young adults with obesity

BackgroundObesity, characterized by excessive adiposity, is associated with brain structural abnormalities. Nevertheless, the relationships between altered structural nodes of default mode network (DMN), body mass index (BMI), general cognitive ability remained unclear in young adults. MethodsIn this study, we divided a large sample of young adults into three BMI-based groups. We then conducted one-way analyses of variance and post-hoc tests with Bonferroni corrections to investigate abnormal structural brain regions associated with obesity. Furthermore, mediation effects models were built to explore whether the structural alterations influenced the relationship between BMI and general cognitive ability. ResultsCompared to their lean and overweight counterparts, young adults with obesity exhibited significantly lower general cognitive ability, higher impulsivity traits, and worse sleep quality. Furthermore, compared with lean group, young adults with obesity exhibited altered cortical thickness of both the left temporal pole and right superior parietal lobule, and abnormal cortical surface area (CSA) of the left entorhinal cortex (EC), a hub within DMN. Moreover, CSA of the left EC mediated the relationship between BMI and general cognitive ability. ConclusionObesity was linked to altered structural node of DMN, which mediated general cognitive ability in young adults. These findings indicated the negative effect of obesity on DMN and general cognitive ability in young adults.

The use of capsicum oleoresin microparticles to mitigate hepatic damage and metabolic disorders induced by obesity

Capsicum oleoresin has potential health benefits, particularly against obesity markers. Due to its high pungency, few studies have been done to explore the intake of this ingredient. The objective of this study was to use the Capsicum oleoresin (CO) microencapsulated into a high-fat diet to evaluate its metabolic effect on mice. Two formulation containing 15 % solids were prepared: the first (F1) with 5% CO and 95% emulsifier, and the second (F2) with 2.5% corn oil, 2.5% CO, and 95% emulsifier. These formulation were atomized in a spray dryer. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography determined the capsaicin content for both formulations. Mice were divided into two groups: lean control (normocaloric AIN diet, n = 10) and high fat (HF diet: hypercaloric, n = 30), which were subdivided into three subgroups: HF control diet (n = 10); diet F1: HF + 20 % CO oleoresin microparticles (n = 10); and diet F2: HF + 20 % CO microparticles containing corn oil (n = 10). The animals treated with the microparticles showed lower glucose levels than the HF control. Mice fed with HF-containing CO microparticles had cholesterol blood levels similar to that of the lean group and lower (<100 mg/dL) than that of the HF control group (150 mg/dL). Capsicum oleoresin microparticles added to high-fat diets promoted lower weight gain and protected the liver against hepatic steatosis. Leptin levels for mice fed with HF diet plus CO microparticles averaged between 2 and 5 ng/ml, whereas the fat control group developed leptin resistance. Capsicum microparticles evidenced a protective effect against dyslipidemia compared to the fat control group, which suggests their use as a potential ingredient for the control of obesity.

Effect of metabolic status on response to SIV infection and antiretroviral therapy in nonhuman primates.

Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens efficiently limit HIV replication, thereby improving the life expectancy of people living with HIV; however, they also cause metabolic side effects. The ongoing obesity epidemic has resulted in more people with metabolic comorbidities at the time of HIV infection, yet the effect of preexisting metabolic dysregulation on infection sequelae and response to ART is unclear. Here, to investigate the impact of preexisting obesity and insulin resistance on acute infection and subsequent long-term ART, we infected a cohort of lean and obese adult male macaques with SIV and administered ART. The responses of lean and obese macaques to SIV and ART were similar with respect to plasma and cell-associated viral loads, ART drug levels in plasma and tissues, SIV-specific immune responses, adipose tissue and islet morphology, and colon inflammation, with baseline differences between lean and obese groups largely maintained. Both groups exhibited a striking depletion of CD4+ T cells from adipose tissue that did not recover with ART. However, differential responses to SIV and ART were observed for body weight, omental adipocyte size, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio, a marker of cardiometabolic risk. Thus, obesity and insulin resistance had limited effects on multiple responses to acute SIV infection and ART, while several factors that underlie long-term metabolic comorbidities were influenced by prior obesity and insulin resistance. These studies provide the foundation for future investigations into the efficacy of adjunct therapies such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the prevention of metabolic comorbidities in people living with HIV.

Gut microbial changes associated with obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes: a Pilot Study.

Obesity is prevalent in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is problematic with higher risk for diabetes complications. It is unknown to what extent gut microbiome changes are associated with obesity and T1D. To describe the gut microbiome and microbial metabolite changes associated with obesity in T1D. We hypothesized significant gut microbial and metabolite differences in lean T1D youth (BMI: 5-<85%) vs. those with obesity (BMI: ≥95%). We analyzed stool samples for gut microbial (using metagenomic shotgun sequencing) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) differences in lean (n=27) and obese (n=21) T1D youth in a pilot study. The mean±SD age was 15.3±2.2yrs, A1c 7.8±1.3%, diabetes duration 5.1±4.4yrs, 42.0% females, and 94.0% were White. Bacterial community composition showed between sample diversity differences (β-diversity) by BMI group (p=0.013). There was a higher ratio of Prevotella to Bacteroides in the obese group (p=0.0058). There was a differential distribution of significantly abundant taxa in either the lean or obese groups, including increased relative abundance of Prevotella copri, among other taxa in the obese group. Functional profiling showed an upregulation of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis in the obese group and upregulation of BCAA degradation, tyrosine metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in the lean group. Stool SCFAs were higher in the obese versus the lean group (p<0.05 for all). Our findings identify a gut microbiome and microbial metabolite signature associated with obesity in T1D. These findings could help identify gut microbiome targeted therapies to manage obesity in T1D.

Long-term outcomes following hepatectomy in patients with lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma versus overweight and obese counterparts: A multicenter analysis

Background & aimsWith the rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a significant etiology for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lean NAFLD-HCC has emerged as a specific distinct subtype. This study sought to investigate long-term outcomes following curative-intent hepatectomy for early-stage NAFLD-HCC among lean patients compared with overweight and obese individuals. MethodsA multicenter retrospective analysis was used to assess early-stage NAFLD-HCC patients undergoing curative-intent hepatectomy between 2009 and 2022. Patients were stratified by preoperative body mass index (BMI) into the lean (<23.0 kg/m2), overweight (23.0–27.4 kg/m2) and obese (≥27.5 kg/m2) groups. Study endpoints were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), which were compared among groups. ResultsAmong 309 patients with NAFLD-HCC, 66 (21.3 %), 176 (57.0 %), and 67 (21.7 %) were lean, overweight, and obese, respectively. The three groups were similar relative to most liver, tumor, and surgery-related variables. Compared with overweight patients (71.3 % and 55.6 %), the lean individuals had a worse 5-year OS and RFS (55.4 % and 35.1 %, P = 0.017 and 0.002, respectively), which were comparable to obese patients (48.5 % and 38.2 %, P = 0.939 and 0.442, respectively). After adjustment for confounding factors, multivariable Cox-regression analysis identified that lean bodyweight was independently associated with decreased OS (hazard ratio: 1.69; 95 % confidence interval: 1.06–2.71; P = 0.029) and RFS (hazard ratio: 1.72; 95 % confidence interval: 1.17–2.52; P = 0.006) following curative-intent hepatectomy for early-stage NAFLD-HCC. ConclusionsCompared with overweight patients, individuals with lean NAFLD-HCC had inferior long-term oncological survival after hepatectomy for early-stage NAFLD-HCC. These data highlight the need for examination of the distinct carcinogenic pathways of lean NAFLD-HCC and its potential consequences in HCC recurrence.

Diabetes surpasses obesity as a risk factor for low serum testosterone level

BackgroundMale obesity is one of the most associated factors with substandard testosterone levels. However, there is growing evidence linking low testosterone levels to insulin resistance and diabetic complications. We aimed to study the impact of diabetes mellitus on testosterone levels and to assess the correlation of various clinical and biochemical factors with hypogonadism.Subjects and methodsThis case-control study was conducted on 160 adult males categorized into four equal groups (40 each); Group A: lean men with T2DM, Group B: obese with T2DM, Group C: lean with normal glycemic profile, Group D: obese with normal glycemic profile. Serum total testosterone (TT), SHBG and HbA1c have been measured. Free testosterone (cFT) and HOMA-IR were calculated.ResultsA significant negative correlation of serum TT and cFTwith BMI (r -0.16, p 0.04/ r -0.26, p < 0.001, respectively) and with waist circumference (WC) (r -0.23, p 0.003 and r -0.3, p < 0.001, respectively). A significant decrease in TT and cFT in the diabetes group versus the non-diabetes one (p < 0.001 for both). TT level was significantly lower in the diabetic lean group than in the non-diabetic lean (p < 0.001), and even significantly lower than in the non-diabetic obese (p < 0.001). TT level in the diabetic obese group was lower than in the non-diabetic obese (p < 0.001). The same for cFT level, lower in the diabetic lean group than in non-diabetic lean (p < 0.001) and lower in the diabetic obese than in the non-diabetic obese (p < 0.001). Concomitant significant reduction in SHBG in the diabetes group (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that TT significantly correlated with HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR with WC, age and the duration of diabetes correlated significantly with cFT. In our model, HOMA-IR and HbA1c accounted for approximately 51.3% of TT variability (adjusted R-squared 0.513).ConclusionsThe impact of T2DM on serum testosterone levels was more significant than that of obesity. Our study showed a decrease in SHBG together with cFT among the diabetes group. Hypogonadism is significantly correlated to insulin resistance and poor glycemic control, which implies another perspective on the impact of suboptimal glycemic control on the development of hypogonadism.

Association of overweight/obesity and overweight/obesity-related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in young adults with coronary artery calcification later in life.

The association of overweight/obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in young adulthood with subclinical atherosclerosis [coronary artery calcification (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC)] by middle age is unknown. In total, 2274 participants aged 28-39 years from the coronary artery risk development in young adults study at year 10 (1995-1996) who were re-examined 15 years later were included. CAC and AAC were measured at year 25 using computed tomography. We examined the utility of three young adult phenotypes (lean group; overweight/obese group; overweight/obese MASLD group) at year 10 in predicting CAC or AAC by middle age. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between groups and CAC, and AAC. Independent determinates of CAC and AAC were determined with linear regression models. Compared with individuals categorized as lean in young adulthood, the relative risk for CAC by middle age was 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 0.93-1.28) for those with overweight/obesity and 1.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.61) for those with overweight/obesity-related MASLD. For AAC, no difference was observed between these three groups. Group, systolic blood pressure and group × systolic blood pressure interaction were all the independent determinates for CAC. In this study, young adults with overweight/obesity-related MASLD have a higher risk of developing CAC by middle age. These abnormalities are only partially explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and overweight/obesity-related MASLD has an independent impact on CAC. Our study provides evidence for identifying young adults at higher risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Vietnamese adults

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide with a marked impact in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes risk. The consequences of MetS are economic and social burdens and a high risk of mortality. Currently, there is no data on the whole country of Vietnam. Therefore, we carry out this study with the following objectives: 1. Determining the prevalence of MetS among Vietnamese people; 2. Investigate some characteristics of MetS on research subjects.Methods: A sample of Vietnamese adults aged 25 years and over, living in 9 province/city of Vietnam was investigated. Blood pressure, weight, height, and WC were measured; HDL – cholesterol (HDL – C), Triglyceride (TG), and plasma glucose were examined. Diagnosis of MetS according to criteria based on Consensus statement of IDF, AHA/NHLBI, WHF, IAS, IASO 2009. Data were processed using Medcalc program 11.0.1. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Vietnamese population was 29.8%, women were more affected than men (36.2% versus 22.9%). The incidence of MetS increased with age. The rate of MetS in the obese group was the highest (33.6%), in the overweight group, this rate was 28%, while in the lean group, the rate of MetS was 29.3%.Conclusions: Attention should be paid to the early diagnosis and management of metabolic syndrome in the Vietnamese population

Associations between body mass index and all-cause mortality among individuals with psoriasis: results from the NHANES database retrospective cohort study.

Previous findings imply a potential positive association between BMI and all-cause mortality in individuals with psoriasis, yet direct evidence remains absent. This study aimed to fill this gap. We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the periods 2003-2006 and 2009-2014. Participants' BMI was categorized as lean (<25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and obese (BMI ≥ 30). Psoriasis status was determined through self-reporting. The main outcome measured was all-cause mortality up to December 2019. We accounted for multiple covariates, such as sociodemographic factors and histories of smoking and alcohol consumption. Our statistical analyses mainly included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) and Multivariate Cox Regression (MCR). We also applied propensity score matching (PSM) to verify the robustness of our findings. Among 22,876 participants, 618 (2.70%) reported a history of psoriasis. An overall effect from the MCR analysis showed that, among individuals with psoriasis, a higher baseline BMI was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, noting a 5.5% rise in mortality risk per BMI unit [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.004-1.110, p = 0.035]. This significant relationship persisted after PSM. A statistically significant positive correlation was consistent among males, smokers, and individuals younger than 60. However, no such association was found in individuals without a history of psoriasis. Additionally, no significant difference in mortality risk was found between lean and overweight groups with psoriasis, according to the RCS regression and stratified analysis. Our findings indicated a trend that, higher BMIs significantly correlated with increased risks of all-cause mortality in people with psoriasis, particularly among obese ones. However, the impact of being overweight on this relationship remains underexplored. Moreover, the necessity to employ alternative metrics beyond BMI for body fat assessment to further investigate these associations is critical.

To compare the HOMA-IR and metabolic profile in lean and obese subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background and objectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is primarily perceived as a condition prevalent among obese individuals. Its pathogenesis is closely intertwined with metabolic syndrome components. However, the association between insulin resistance and NAFLD in nonobese individuals remains ambiguous. Observational studies have scrutinized the prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in lean NAFLD patients.Materials and methodsThis is an observational study, and NAFLD screening was carried out among inpatient and outpatient attendees at SRM Medical College’s General Medicine Department. Out of 200 screened patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, 80 were diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The assessment of metabolic syndrome was performed using the NCEP-ATP III criteria, allowing for comparison between groups concerning insulin resistance and metabolic parameters.ResultsAmong NAFLD patients, those in the obese age group exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension (57.8%; p < 0.001) and metabolic syndrome (75.6%; p < 0.0001). The lean NAFLD group showed elevated HOMA-IR levels (4.16) compared to obese NAFLD patients (2.92), with a significant statistical disparity (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the HSI value significantly increased in obese NAFLD patients (p < 0.00001).ConclusionInsulin resistance, a key factor in metabolic syndrome, is prevalent in lean individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), playing a pivotal role in its development. This resistance, linked to metabolic syndrome, promotes hepatic triglyceride and fatty acid accumulation, leading to NAFLD. Moreover, insulin resistance correlates significantly with weight gain in NAFLD patients.

Effects of Breaking Up Sitting on Gut Hormone Responses and Subsequent Compensatory Behaviors in Physically Inactive Adults.

The effects of breaking up sitting on gut hormone responses and free-living energy compensatory behaviors are still unclear in people of Asian ethnicity. Twenty-six Asians including 13 lean individuals (Lean) and 13 individuals with centrally overweight/obesity (OW), aged between 20 and 45 yr, completed a randomized crossover study with either 5.5-h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) or 5.5-h sitting with 2-min walking at 6.4 km·h -1 every 20 min (ACTIVE) in the laboratory. Blood samples were collected at regular time points to examine postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations. Free-living physical activity and energy intake were recorded using wearable devices and weighed food diaries outside the laboratory until midnight. Paired t -tests were conducted to compare responses between trials. Postprandial GLP-1 and PYY incremental area under the curve values were higher in the ACTIVE trial versus SIT in both Lean and OW groups (all, P < 0.05), but there was no difference in GIP in either group (both, P > 0.05). There were no differences in free-living physical activity (volume and intensity) or energy intake (total and macronutrients) between trials in either group (all, P > 0.05), resulting in greater total physical activity over the 24-h monitoring period in ACTIVE trial versus SIT trial (both, P < 0.05). Breaking up sitting increases postprandial GLP-1 and PYY concentrations in Asians, but does not induce subsequent behavioral compensation, resulting in greater 24-h physical activity levels and lower relative energy intake, in inactive individuals irrespective of bodyweight status.

Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease in patients with plaque psoriasis: a case-control study and serological comparison.

The relationship between plaque psoriasis and both MASLD and lean MASLD has not been sufficiently explored in the current literature. This retrospective and observational study was carried out from January 2021 to January 2023 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Patients diagnosed with plaque psoriasis and a control group consisting of individuals undergoing routine physical examinations were enrolled. The incidence of MASLD and lean MASLD among these groups was compared. Additionally, patients with plaque psoriasis were divided into those with MASLD, those with lean MASLD, and a control group with only psoriasis for a serological comparative analysis. The incidence of MASLD in the observation group and the control group was 43.67% (69/158) and 22.15% (35/158), respectively (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of lean MASLD within the observation group and the control group was 10.76% (17/158) and 4.43% (7/158), respectively (p < 0.01). After controlling for potential confounding variables, plaque psoriasis was identified as an independent risk factor for MASLD with an odds ratio of 1.88 (95% cl: 1.10-3.21). In terms of serological comparison, compared to the simple psoriasis group, we observed a significant elevation in the tumor marker CYFRA21-1 levels in both groups compared to the control group with simple psoriasis (p < 0.01). Moreover, the MASLD group exhibited elevated levels of inflammatory markers and psoriasis score, whereas these effects were mitigated in the lean MASLD group. The prevalence of MASLD and lean MASLD is higher among patients with psoriasis. Those suffering from psoriasis along with MASLD show increased psoriasis scores and inflammatory markers compared to those without metabolic disorders. MASLD likely worsens psoriasis conditions, indicating the necessity of targeted health education for affected individuals to reduce the risk of MASLD, this education should include guidelines on exercise and diet. In serological assessments, elevated levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) were noted in both MASLD and lean MASLD groups, implying a potential synergistic role between psoriasis and MASLD.

Childhood obesity accelerates biological ageing: is oxidative stress a link?

Obesity is a multifactorial pathophysiological condition with an imbalance in biochemical, immunochemical, redox status and genetic parameters values. We aimed to estimate the connection between relative leucocyte telomere lengths (rLTL) - biomarker of cellular ageing with metabolic and redox status biomarkers values in a group of obese and lean children. The study includes 110 obese and 42 lean children and adolescents, both sexes. The results suggested that rLTL are significantly shorter in obese, compared with lean group (P < 0·01). Negative correlation of rLTL with total oxidant status (TOS) (Spearman's ρ = -0·365, P < 0·001) as well as with C-reactive protein (Spearman's ρ = -0·363, P < 0·001) were observed. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted three distinct factors (i.e. principal components) entitled as: prooxidant factor with 35 % of total variability; antioxidant factor with 30 % of total variability and lipid antioxidant - biological ageing factor with 12 % of the total variability. The most important predictor of BMI > 30 kg/m2 according to logistic regression analysis was PCA-derived antioxidant factor's score (OR: 1·66, 95th Cl 1·05-2·6, P = 0·029). PCA analysis confirmed that oxidative stress importance in biological ageing is caused by obesity and its multiple consequences related to prooxidants augmentation and antioxidants exhaustion and gave us clear signs of disturbed cellular homoeostasis deepness, even before any overt disease occurrence.